Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a framework for handling the appropriately configured positioning measurement reports for use by a network element without requiring knowledge of vendor-specific or proprietary information are provided. For example, a method may include receiving from a network node, a message including a code configuration to configure collected samples measurements for reporting. The method may also include generating a code from the collected samples measurements in a predefined format according to the code configuration. The method may further include reporting the generated code to the network node.

Abstract: Examples of the disclosure relate to sidelink positioning. In examples of the disclosure a UE is configured to determine Discontinuous Reception (DRX) assistance information for sidelink positioning. The DRX assistance information comprises information indicative of a DRX configuration information for one or more target UEs. The UE can then enable transmission of the DRX assistance information to one or more candidate anchor UEs.

Abstract: A method comprising: determining at a first device a requirement for a spatial distribution associated with training samples for a machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model is used in solving a positioning task; performing at least one of: transmitting, to the second device, information indicating the requirement for training the machine learning model, or training the machine learning model by using a training dataset comprising training samples satisfying the requirement.

Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments as disclosed herein there is at least an apparatus and method to perform receiving, from a network entity, a request for assessing utilization of a set of resource blocks outside a measurement gap of a terminal device; performing measurements indicative of the utilization of the set of resource blocks based on the request; and transmitting, to the network entity, a report of the measurements. Also perform indicating, to a network device, a set of resource blocks outside a measurement gap of a terminal device; obtaining, from the network device, information relating to channel occupancy on the set of resource blocks; and determining, based on the information, how to use the set of resource blocks for positioning of the terminal device.

Abstract: Aspects and embodiments relate generally to mechanisms to support power saving in a wireless communication network and more particularly to supporting discontinuous reception of a wake-up signal receiver at an apparatus comprising a wake-up signal receiver and a main radio receiver. One aspect provides an apparatus, comprising: a main radio receiver; a wake-up signal receiver; and a timer. The wake-up signal receiver comprises: circuitry configured to receive at least a portion of a broadcast message; circuitry configured to evaluate the received portion of the broadcast message to determine a time marker; and circuitry configured to provide the time marker to the timer. The apparatus may comprise a UE and may therefore be configured to align internal time keeping with the time keeping of a network, thus allowing discontinuous reception and associated energy savings, without transmission of additional specific synchronisation messaging by a network.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus, said apparatus comprising means for receiving at least one signal from at least one transmitter; determining at least one parameter of the at least one signal; determining, based on the at least one parameter, which of a plurality of stored differential signal reception radiation patterns the received signal corresponds to, each of the plurality of stored radiation patterns associated with a direction of arrival; and aligning an antenna beam to the transmitter based on the direction of arrival associated with the determined stored differential signal reception radiation pattern.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus including receiving, at a second node, a signal including contributions of at least one backscatter signal and at least one further signal, the at least one backscatter signal being transmitted by a respective at least one passive device in response to a first node transmitting a first signal to the at least one passive device; isolating the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal from the at least one further signal; and based on the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal, determining, by the second node, one or more parameters associated with the respective at least one passive device.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: receiving downlink positioning signals from each of a plurality of communication nodes of a mobile communication system at a user device of the mobile communication system, wherein each downlink positioning signal is received from a downlink beam direction for the respective communication node; determining an angle of arrival and/or a time of arrival for each of the received downlink positioning signals; and determining an uplink positioning signal beam configuration based, at least in part, on the determined angle of arrival and/or the determined time of arrival for said received downlink positioning signals.

Abstract: There is provided a first device comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device at least to perform: establishing a first positioning session between the first device and a third device; and sending, from the first device to a second device, positioning assistance data comprising information associated with a configuration of the first positioning session.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for reporting of integrity-related information for positioning are provided.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to positioning enhancements. A first device receives, from a second device, first configuration information of a first set of passive radios for transmitting a plurality of first target signals in response to receiving a plurality of first reference signals from a third device. The first device receives, from the third device, at least one first reference signal. Upon receiving the at least one first reference signal, the first device receives, based on the first configuration information, the plurality of first target signals from the first set of passive radios. The first device transmits, to the second device, measurements related to the at least one first reference signal and the plurality of first target signals for positioning the first device. In this way, non-LoS detection for positioning is enabled, and the positioning accuracy is improved.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to: receive a downlink signal; determine whether a TA stored at the apparatus is valid based, at least partially, on a reception timing of the received downlink signal and a delay spread value; and initiate small data transmission with a pre-configured uplink resource based, at least partially, on the determination that the TA is valid. An apparatus configured to: transmit, to a UE, a configuration comprising information related to TA validation for the UE, wherein the information comprises at least one of: an indication of a value configured to indicate a fraction of a cyclic prefix length of a symbol for reception of an uplink transmission from the UE, or a delay spread value; transmit a downlink signal; and receive a SDT based, at least partially, on the fraction of the length of the cyclic prefix, the transmitted downlink signal, and the delay spread value.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus including at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus at least to: receive a first reference signal from a first transmission point and a second reference signal from a second transmission point; determine a collinearity indicator for the first transmission point and the second transmission point based on a measurement of the first reference signal and a measurement of the second reference signal; and generate a measurement report based on the collinearity indicator.

Abstract: A method for performing multiple-input and multiple-output channel estimation includes: generating, using a first machine-learning model, an initial set of estimated channel information from a first input set of channel information, wherein the first input set of channel information corresponds to a first plurality of radio-frequency chains, and wherein the estimated set of channel information corresponds to the first plurality of radio-frequency chains and a second plurality of radio-frequency chains; generating, using a second machine-learning model, a set of estimated channel phases from the initial set of estimated channel information and a second input set of channel information, wherein the second set of input channel information corresponds to the second plurality of radio-frequency chains; and combining the initial set of estimated channel information and the set of estimated channel phases to generate an enhanced set of estimated channel information.

Abstract: There are provided apparatuses, methods and computer program products. In accordance with an embodiment, there is disclosed a method including receiving from one or more user equipment an indication that the user equipment is capable to report information about a virtual transmission reception point related to a wireless communication system; configuring a measurement resource set for virtual transmission reception point; informing the one or more user equipment about the measurement resource set; receiving from the one or more user equipment an enhanced measurement report containing measurements of signals received from one or more transmission reception points and virtual transmission reception points; combining several enhanced measurement reports received from one or more user equipment; and estimating locations of the one or more virtual transmission reception points on the basis of the combined enhanced measurement reports.

Abstract: A method may include receiving, by a first user device from a network node or a second user device, 1) a positioning measurement report including at least one positioning measurement measured by a reference device, and 2) reference positioning-related information to be used for testing and/or validating a machine learning model; determining estimated positioning-related information as outputs of the machine learning model based on at least a portion of the positioning measurement report as inputs to the machine learning model; determining a performance indication of the machine learning model based on the reference positioning-related information and the estimated positioning-related information, wherein the performance indication indicates a performance or accuracy of the machine learning model; and performing, by the first user device, an action based on the performance indication.

Abstract: An apparatus including: circuitry for listening to a PM SL broadcast or multicast broadcasted by a reference UE-S; circuitry for receiving a positioning measurement request from a location server, wherein the positioning measurement request includes a reduced list of transmission points providing PRS to be measured, said reduced list containing a subset of transmission points to be measured with respect to a list that is used for measurement by the reference UE-S; circuitry for selecting respective transmission points to be listened; circuitry for performing the measurement of PRS being listed in the reduced list, where a set of measured PRS is adjusted based on the received PM SL, and where the adjustment concerns excluding measured PRS stored in PMSL; circuitry for generating a report including the PRS; and circuitry for transmitting the report to the location server.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for calibrating beam orientation errors for improved positioning. For example, certain embodiments may utilize collection of various measurements to compute, and correct for, beam orientation errors. Additionally, or alternatively, certain embodiments may collect information about propagation conditions in a network and may establish virtual anchors for the network.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program is described comprising: determining, using a first passive module, whether one or more of a first plurality of frequency ranges is occupied, wherein each of the first plurality of frequency ranges has one of a first set of one or more bandwidths; determining, using a second passive module, whether one or more of a second plurality of frequency ranges is occupied, wherein each of the second plurality of frequency ranges has one of a second set of one or more bandwidths, and wherein a smallest bandwidth amongst the second set of bandwidths is larger than a largest bandwidth amongst the first set of bandwidths; and triggering an active module in the event that one or more of the first plurality of frequency ranges is determined to be occupied and none of said second plurality of frequency ranges is determined to be occupied, wherein the active module comprises a radio detector for detecting a target waveform.

Abstract: A measurement gap pattern configuration method of a network element (130) of a wireless communications system includes sending, by the network element (130), assistance data to a user equipment (UE) (110) of the wireless communications system; sending, by the network element (130), positioning performance target data and at least a portion of the assistance data to a serving next generation Node B (gNB) (120) of the UE (110); sending a positioning request to the UE (110); and notifying the gNB (120) that a positioning session has started with respect to the UE (110) by sending a positioning session start notification message to the gNB (120).