Abstract: To position a terminal device, at least one transmission-reception point, or corresponding apparatus, the terminal device and a network entity exchange information. A transmission-reception point receives from the network entity a first signal comprising at least one parameter setting for positioning reference signal transmissions. The terminal device receives from the network entity a second signal comprising at least the parameter setting. The network entity receives from the transmission-reception point a first report indicating at least an occurrence time of a successful transmission of a positioning reference signal and from the terminal device a measurement report comprising information on at least the positioning reference signal. The network entity determines a position of the terminal device based on at least the first report and the measurement report.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for duty-cycle based positioning sounding reference signals. A method may include receiving, at a user equipment, configuration information of at least one periodic positioning sounding reference signal. The configuration information may include at least one time interval and at least one transmission resource associated with the at least one time interval. The method may also include transmitting the at least one periodic positioning sounding reference signal to a network entity based on the configuration information. The at least one periodic positioning sounding reference signal may be in a first transmission status or a second transmission status in accordance to the at least one time interval. The at least one time interval may occur periodically.

Abstract: Various example embodiments relate to configuration of positioning report message(s). An apparatus may transmit positioning assistance data to a device. The positioning assistance data may comprise at least one of: an indication of at least one minimum set of positioning measurement parameters to be reported in positioning measurement data by a device; an indication of at least one minimum number of positioning measurements to be reported in the positioning measurement data by the device, or an indication of at least one level of resolution for reporting the positioning measurement data by the device. The device may receive the positioning assistance data, perform at least one positioning measurement based on at least one positioning reference signal, and transmit positioning measurement data according to the positioning assistance data. Apparatuses, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with some example embodiments, an apparatus may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to transmit at least one parameter configuration of a random access channel procedure to a user equipment; receive at least one physical uplink shared channel part of a first random access channel message using at least one transmitter beam configuration; upon detection of at least one preamble part of the first random access channel message, decode the physical uplink shared channel part of the first random access channel message and perform at least one channel quality measurement on at least one demodulation reference signal sequence transmitted on a number of selected transmitter beam configurations.

Abstract: Devices, methods and computer programs for enhancing a data map of objects via object specific radio frequency parameters are disclosed. Channel state information measurements for a surrounding of a network node and a corresponding radio channel simulation are accessed. A set of radio frequency parameters for each interaction point is estimated.

Abstract: In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium related to an authentication relay procedure for passive Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a network node may be caused to receive a first transmission signal from at least one IoT device in response to a first activation signal transmitted by an activator node, determine an authentication test condition based on the received first transmission signal, and transmit a request to the activator node based on the determined authentication test condition, the request enabling the activator node to transmit a second activation signal generated based on the determined authentication test condition.

Abstract: In a system, apparatus, method, and non-transitory computer readable medium related to a New Radio (NR) scheme for managing eavesdroppers of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, a network node may be caused to determine a jamming signal configuration associated with at least one IoT device, the jamming signal configuration including jamming signal parameters, and transmit a jamming signal based on the jamming signal parameters, the jamming signal being transmitted at a time corresponding to a transmission by the at least one IoT device.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, by a first user device from a network node, an indication for the first user device to act as a user device-network relay; and, in response to the receiving: carrying out a discovery procedure for determining at least one second user device that is capable of sidelink communications and utilizes machine learning; receiving, by the first user device from the network node, machine learning configuration information; and transmitting, by the first user device to the at least one second user device via sidelink communications, the machine learning configuration information for carrying out a machine learning related operation.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose methods, apparatuses and computer readable medium for Internet of Things (IoT). A terminal device receives, from a communication device, a reflection signal. The reflection signal is indicative of energy level of the communication device. The energy level indicates energy stored in the communication device. Moreover, the terminal device indicates, to a network node, the energy level of the communication device.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment, a client device is configured to receive a first positioning reference signal; identify an orientation of a polarisation of the first positioning reference signal based on the received first positioning reference signal; estimate an orientation of the client device based on at least the identified orientation of the polarisation of the first positioning reference signal; and provide the orientation estimate to a network node device, Devices, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising obtaining a plurality of previous clock skews, a reported temperature and a reported time, based on the plurality of previous clock skews, the reported temperature and the reported time, obtaining a prediction of the current clock skew, determining a current clock offset based on the predicted current clock skew, determining a clock adjustment based on the current clock offset and the reported time, and determining a corrected time based on the clock adjustment.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to device detection session. An apparatus acting as a reader of a device detection session monitors a response signal from a device during the device detection session. The device is operable to be activated by an activation signal transmitted from a first device of the device detection session. The apparatus then causes a change in the device detection session based on the monitoring.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for reporting of integrity-related information for positioning are provided.

Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments as disclosed herein there is at least an apparatus and method to perform receiving, from a network entity, a request for assessing utilization of a set of resource blocks outside a measurement gap of a terminal device; performing measurements indicative of the utilization of the set of resource blocks based on the request; and transmitting, to the network entity, a report of the measurements. Also perform indicating, to a network device, a set of resource blocks outside a measurement gap of a terminal device; obtaining, from the network device, information relating to channel occupancy on the set of resource blocks; and determining, based on the information, how to use the set of resource blocks for positioning of the terminal device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a framework for handling the appropriately configured positioning measurement reports for use by a network element without requiring knowledge of vendor-specific or proprietary information are provided. For example, a method may include receiving from a network node, a message including a code configuration to configure collected samples measurements for reporting. The method may also include generating a code from the collected samples measurements in a predefined format according to the code configuration. The method may further include reporting the generated code to the network node.

Abstract: Examples of the disclosure relate to sidelink positioning. In examples of the disclosure a UE is configured to determine Discontinuous Reception (DRX) assistance information for sidelink positioning. The DRX assistance information comprises information indicative of a DRX configuration information for one or more target UEs. The UE can then enable transmission of the DRX assistance information to one or more candidate anchor UEs.

Abstract: A method comprising: determining at a first device a requirement for a spatial distribution associated with training samples for a machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model is used in solving a positioning task; performing at least one of: transmitting, to the second device, information indicating the requirement for training the machine learning model, or training the machine learning model by using a training dataset comprising training samples satisfying the requirement.

Abstract: Aspects and embodiments relate generally to mechanisms to support power saving in a wireless communication network and more particularly to supporting discontinuous reception of a wake-up signal receiver at an apparatus comprising a wake-up signal receiver and a main radio receiver. One aspect provides an apparatus, comprising: a main radio receiver; a wake-up signal receiver; and a timer. The wake-up signal receiver comprises: circuitry configured to receive at least a portion of a broadcast message; circuitry configured to evaluate the received portion of the broadcast message to determine a time marker; and circuitry configured to provide the time marker to the timer. The apparatus may comprise a UE and may therefore be configured to align internal time keeping with the time keeping of a network, thus allowing discontinuous reception and associated energy savings, without transmission of additional specific synchronisation messaging by a network.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus, said apparatus comprising means for receiving at least one signal from at least one transmitter; determining at least one parameter of the at least one signal; determining, based on the at least one parameter, which of a plurality of stored differential signal reception radiation patterns the received signal corresponds to, each of the plurality of stored radiation patterns associated with a direction of arrival; and aligning an antenna beam to the transmitter based on the direction of arrival associated with the determined stored differential signal reception radiation pattern.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus including receiving, at a second node, a signal including contributions of at least one backscatter signal and at least one further signal, the at least one backscatter signal being transmitted by a respective at least one passive device in response to a first node transmitting a first signal to the at least one passive device; isolating the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal from the at least one further signal; and based on the contribution of the at least one backscatter signal, determining, by the second node, one or more parameters associated with the respective at least one passive device.