Abstract: An interconnect structure of the single or dual damascene type and a method of forming the same, which substantially reduces the surface oxidation problem of plating a conductive material onto a noble metal seed layer are provided. In accordance with the present invention, a hydrogen plasma treatment is used to treat a noble metal seed layer such that the treated noble metal seed layer is highly resistant to surface oxidation. The inventive oxidation-resistant noble metal seed layer has a low C content and/or a low nitrogen content.

Abstract: A system and method that can simultaneously acquire electrocardiogram or pulse rate data (42, 44, 46), dynamically perform time-frequency (70) and chaotic analysis (60) in real-time, visually display the results in a convenient graphical format (50) and store the results in a computer file format (50).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of using unsealed and non-colloidal radiopharmaceuticals, for example beta emitting radiopharmaceuticals such as Yttrium-90 chloride, Indium-111 chloride, F-18-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose, or combinations thereof, for locoregional ablation of cells in the abnormal tissue.

Abstract: A flash memory cell is provided. A deep well is disposed in a substrate and a well is disposed within the deep well. A stacked gate structure is disposed on the substrate. A source region and a drain region are disposed in the substrate on each side of the stacked gate structure. A select gate is disposed between the stacked gate structure and the source region. A first gate dielectric layer is disposed between the select gate and the stacked gate structure. A second gate dielectric layer is disposed between the select gate and the substrate. A shallow doped region is disposed in the substrate under the stacked gate structure and the select gate. A deep doped region is disposed in the substrate on one side of the stacked gate structure. The conductive plug on the substrate extends through the drain region and the deep doped region.

Abstract: An immersion lithographic apparatus provides an immersion liquid including photosensitive material(s) configured to form a patterned film on the surface of a substrate on exposure to a radiation beam. Irradiation through the immersion liquid onto a substrate leads to deposition of a film on the substrate. Film formation occurs only in the photoirradiated region, so that the film formed has a pattern corresponding to the pattern of the radiation.

Abstract: A system and a method achieve a higher level of stable gain for a cellular telephone booster (repeater) than previously considered to be achievable. An RF signal booster includes active stability control provided by an active stability network. The active stability network decreases the amount of radiated or conducted parasitic signal coupled from the output of an amplifier back to the input of the amplifier. The active stability network allows a higher system gain than would otherwise be achievable. In one embodiment, the active stability network (stabilization network) includes an RF sample coupler, one or more band pass filters, a vector modulator, an RF recombining coupler and an RF detection circuit. An algorithm controls the stabilization network to minimize the amount of parasitic coupled signal from the output of the amplifier back to the input of the amplifier and to maximize the achievable system gain.

Abstract: An elongated wood member such as a handrail comprising an elongated first and second layer of a lower grade wood product secured together to form an inner core; and an outer layer of a high grade wood product disposed substantially around all of said inner core except for a bottom surface thereof. The first and second layers are substantially vertically oriented relative to each other and have abutting side walls that may be planar in configuration or may be dovetailed to interlock together. The first, second and outer layers preferably are manufactured from the same wood product, that product preferably being solid timber strips or boards of oak or maple.

Abstract: A package containing sheets and having an opening for dispensing the sheets from the package. The sheets may be alternatingly joined together at successive leading and trailing edges to allow pop-up dispensing. The leading edge of any sheets after the first sheet may be disposed away from the dispensing opening. This arrangement causes the sheet to invert during dispensing, allowing it to begin unfolding before dispensing is completed. If the sheets are wetted this arrangement also allows the wetting liquid to be distributed onto an adjacent sheet during dispensing without an additional step.

Abstract: A food grater (10) is disclosed as including a first arm (12) and a second arm (14), the first arm (12) including a grating plate (18), the second arm (14) including a wall (23) and a press plate (36) for confining movement of food, and the first arm (12) and second arm (14) are engaged with each other and pivotable relative to each other to grate the food by the grating plate (18).

Abstract: The invention is an audio mixer (100) for prioritizing audio channels. The mixer can include a plurality of audio channels (110)—in which each channel can be capable of carrying an audio signal—and can include at least one output (114). The number of outputs can be less than the number of channels and the stage (116) immediately following the output is an output stage. Each channel can include an audio shaper (122) that modifies the audio signals of the channels and can include a priority database (126). The channels can be ranked in the priority database based on their priority in relation to one another. Control logic (128) of a highest ranked channel (N) can signal the audio shapers to modify the audio signals on at least some of the lower ranked channels (1, 2) in accordance with a predetermined priority response.

Abstract: An imaging acquisition system that generates a picture depth from an auto focus curve generated from picture of a three dimensional spatial scene is described. The auto focus curve comprises a step edge. The system generates the depth based on the step edge and a reference auto focus normalization curve.

Abstract: A method for managing a range of memory in a flash memory space in which a plurality of data objects are stored. A volume defined for the range of memory has a first end and second end, with a respective list of data objects associated with each end. The volume can be resized, moved, and reallocated in the flash memory space without recompilation.

Abstract: At least one engine operating parameter other than total fuel energy content is taken into account when transitioning between operating modes in a dual fuel or other multimode engine (20) in order to maintain a smooth transition between modes. The parameter preferably comprises at least one of primary fuel excess air ratio (lambda) and ignition timing and preferably is controlled in addition to total fuel energy content control. Lambda control is especially beneficial because it permits the control system to compensate for the engine's inability to substantially alter the instantaneous air mass in the combustion chamber during the transition period. For instance, during a transition from pilot ignited gaseous fuel mode to diesel mode, the controlled parameter preferably comprises diesel lambda, and the controlling step comprises setting diesel lambda at a relatively high value at the beginning of the transition period and thereafter reducing diesel lambda during the transition period.

Abstract: Si, Al, Al plus TiN, and IrO2 are used as adhesion layers to prevent peeling of noble metal electrodes, such as Pt, from a silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate in capacitor structures of memory devices.

Abstract: A spacecraft instrument thermal control method and system providing scalable thermal control of on-board instrument temperature. Adapted for a spacecraft with bus supporting instrumentation and thermal radiator panels, cooling is carried out by one or more active coolers, such as cryocoolers, each mounted to the spacecraft at a radiator spatially separated from the instrument, with cold side of the cooler being thermally coupled to an instrument focal plane or other instrument location requiring cryogenic cooling and the warm side coupled to the radiator. A closed loop temperature control system measures the temperature of the controlled portion of the instrument, and adjusts active cooler drive signals to maintain a specified set point temperature.

Abstract: An instrument assembly for resecting a distal femur for receipt of a knee implant, comprising an intramedullary rod and resection instruments. A valgus portion of the intramedullary rod has series of engagement members positioned to provide a plurality of engagement positions for use in fixing the resection instruments on the valgus portion. The resection instruments are configured to selectively engage and selectively lock on the valgus rod at the engagement positions via the engagement members. The engagement members preferably comprise pairs of substantially vertical indents arranged in parallel along opposing sides of said valgus portions. The resection instruments preferably engages and locks to said engagement members via a sliding rod engagement member. The resection instruments preferably include a distal cut guide having a distal resection slot and a femoral resection block.

Abstract: The invention provides arrays of molecules where the molecules (e.g., glycans) are attached to the arrays by cleavable linkers. The invention also provides methods for using these arrays, methods for identifying the structural elements of molecules bound to these arrays by using the cleavable linkers, especially the structural elements that are important for binding to test samples. The invention further provides methods for evaluating whether test samples and test molecules can bind to distinct glycans on the arrays and useful glycans identified using the methods and arrays provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for treatment of cardiovascular and peripheral vascular diseases using ex vivo and in vivo gene delivery technologies. One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for treating a vascular disease by introducing a DNA sequence encoding a TM protein or its variant into a segment of a blood vessel ex vivo using a gutless adenovirus vector. Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a gutless adenovirus vector carrying a transgene, such as a gene encoding TM protein or its variant.

Abstract: A communication system with at least one controller and a plurality of nodes provides a procedure to enable the controller to connect and send messages to individual nodes to establish and maintain a communication link. The controller further receives an indication from the node when termination of receipt of a message from the controller by the node has occurred. The controller transmits connection information to a node to establish a communication path over which the controller can transmit a message to the node when the controller has information to send. A communication message can be sent by the controller, for example, when a node wanders into its control area to enable a communication link to be established.