Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a light modulation device that does not produce scattered reflection comprising: a step A of forming a release layer whereby a release layer that produces separation in response to irradiation with incoming light is formed on a heat-resistant substrate having the capability of withstanding heat; a step B of forming a piezoelectric layer whereby a piezoelectric layer is formed on the release layer; a patterning step D whereby an electrode pattern is formed in respect of the piezoelectric layer and mirror elements are formed at each pixel; a connection step E of electrically connecting the active element substrate wherein active elementary elements are provided for each pixel and the piezoelectric layer laminated on the heat-resistant substrate such that the active elements correspond to mirror elements; and an irradiating separation step G whereby separation is produced in the release layer by irradiating the release layer with irradiating light from the side of the

Abstract: There is provided a method of manufacturing a light modulation device that does not produce scattered reflection comprising: a step of forming a release layer whereby a release layer that produces separation in response to irradiation with incoming light is formed on a heat-resistant substrate having the capability of withstanding heat; a step of forming a piezoelectric layer whereby a piezoelectric layer is formed on the release layer; a patterning step whereby an electrode pattern is formed in respect of the piezoelectric layer and mirror elements are formed at each pixel; a connection step of electrically connecting the active element substrate wherein active elementary elements are provided for each pixel and the piezoelectric layer laminated on the heat-resistant substrate such that the active elements correspond to mirror elements; and an irradiating separation step whereby separation is produced in the release layer by irradiating the release layer with irradiating light from the side of the heat-resis

Abstract: A liquid-crystal projection device includes an organic electroluminescent element that is sandwiched by an organic thin-film layer between an electrode layer that reflects light and a transparent electrode layer that transmits light, and a transparent liquid crystal panel that controls passage of light emitted from the surface of the organic electroluminescent element and also includes a half-mirror layer arranged on the side where light is output from the transparent electrode layer. Some of the incoming light is reflected through the transparent electrode layer to another electrode layer and the rest of the light is transmitted the distance between the half-mirror layer. The electrode layer is set to the optical distance of resonance of the light.

Abstract: Microwave is introduced into a plasma chamber of a plasma processing apparatus and magnetic field is applied thereto to allow plasma generation gas to be placed in plasma state by the electron cyclotron resonance. This plasma is introduced into a film forming chamber of the plasma processing apparatus to allow film forming gas including compound gas of carbon and fluorine or compound gas of carbon, fluorine and hydrogen, and hydro carbon gas to be placed in plasma state. In addition, an insulating film consisting of fluorine added carbon film is formed by the film forming gas placed in plasma state.

Abstract: An organic EL display device is provided which has excellent uniformity of luminosity within the display area even if the display area is relatively large.

Abstract: To provide an organic electro-luminescence device which can be used as a cover glass of a wristwatch or the like in virtue of the transparency, produce a plurality of colors, illuminate and display at the same time, and be formed by an easy method. A transparent organic EL device 108Y for emitting yellow light is formed on a first surface 102 of a substrate 101 by being patterned so as to display characters. A transparent organic EL device 108B for emitting blue light is formed on a second surface 103 by being patterned so as to generate light at the overall surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A white backlight is provided by mixing a plurality of luminous lights with balanced white light, while minimizing power consumption and reducing manufacturing cost. Luminous regions are finely arranged in order to uniformly mix a plurality of luminous colors. A white light is obtained by simultaneously lighting luminous colors in the plurality of luminous regions using a single power source. The shape of the luminous regions is determined for depositing the luminous layers.

Abstract: Microwave is introduced into a plasma chamber of a plasma processing apparatus and magnetic field is applied thereto to allow plasma generation gas to be placed in plasma state by the electron cyclotron resonance. This plasma is introduced into a film forming chamber of the plasma processing apparatus to allow film forming gas including compound gas of carbon and fluorine or compound gas of carbon, fluorine and hydrogen, and hydro carbon gas to be placed in plasma state. In addition, an insulating film consisting of fluorine added carbon film is formed by the film forming gas placed in plasma state.

Abstract: A composite lighting device is provided, which is inexpensive and has high uniformity in brightness, in which light emitted from an end face of a backlight having an organic EL device is used to illuminate input buttons and the like. The lighting device includes a transparent substrate having one principal plane on which a transparent electrode film, a luminescent layer, and a reflective electrode film are at least formed. In the lighting device, a liquid crystal display unit is adjacently disposed on the other principal plane, and a light-guide element is adjacent to an end face of the substrate, so that input buttons embedded into the light-guide element are illuminated.

Abstract: The invention provides a linear organic electroluminescent light source which is high in brightness and capable of realizing white color. A brighter light source can be obtained compared with a light source having only one organic electroluminescent element by forming the organic electroluminescent element to have at least one organic layer, which emits light, on both sides of a transparent substrate, and covering the transparent substrate with a mirror which is high in reflectance except one end face of the transparent substrate. When the same brightness as that of a light source having one element is obtained, the power consumption can be suppressed. The light source can thus emit white light.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus employing organic EL elements is presented that is light in weight, is small in size, and can be practically implemented. In particular, the apparatus suppresses light-emission performance degradation caused by generated heat, thereby extending useful life, stabilizing brightness, and securing continual maximum brightness. The apparatus comprises; liquid crystal panels 12R, 12G, and 12B; light emitting units 13R, 13G, and 13B, positioned at the back of the liquid crystal panels and provided with organic EL elements as light emitting layers; and cooling bodies 14R, 14G, and 14B, positioned at the back of the light emitting units, for dispersing the heat generated by the light emitting layers. The cooling bodies 14R, 14G, and 14B may, for example, be electronic cooling elements that employ the Peltier effect to absorb and radiate the generated heat. Alternatively, the cooling bodies may be configured as heat-dispersing fins that guide and disperse generated heat.

Abstract: A cost-effective and simple construction of an easy to see and bright digitizer tablet with a two-dimensional illuminating function having a light source for radiating a bundle of light, and light-guide means having a light entering face into which said bundle of light enters, which guides said bundle of light towards the light-emitting face, to illuminate the illuminated body. A liquid crystal display device including this digitizer tablet is also provided. The light-guide contains a flat, transparent light-guide body with a face vertical to said light entering face as said light-emitting face, wherein a protrusion made of a substantially parallel bottom face and a substantially perpendicular side face to said light-emitting face is formed integrally with said light-emitting face. The protrusion may also be formed of a plurality of rib-shaped protruding bodies. The ratio between the width and height of each of these protruding bodies is roughly 1:1.

Abstract: A curved surface is provided under a range of conditions whereby light rays from a light source that are input from an end face of a light guide plate are guided within light guide plate. When light rays reach projecting shapes that are provided on plate face of light guide plate, they are output from light guide plate and illuminate object to be illuminated. With this construction, light guide plate has the function of transmitting with scarcely any dispersion rays of light that are directed on to object to be illuminated and that are reflected by object to be illuminated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a light source and includes a two-dimensional light-emitting element array plate formed of a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a plane array, and a liquid crystal panel having a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels corresponds to each of the light-emitting elements. A light-projecting portion of each of the light-emitting elements is disposed within a light-transmitting region of the corresponding pixel.

Abstract: Microwave is introduced into a plasma chamber of a plasma processing apparatus and magnetic field is applied thereto to allow plasma generation gas to be placed in plasma state by the electron cyclotron resonance. This plasma is introduced into a film forming chamber of the plasma processing apparatus to allow film forming gas including compound gas of carbon and fluorine or compound gas of carbon, fluorine and hydrogen, and hydro carbon gas to be placed in plasma state. In addition, an insulating film consisting of fluorine added carbon film is formed by the film forming gas placed in plasma state.

Abstract: An optical modulator device, a display unit and an electronic apparatus, each capable of presenting a high-contrast and bright image. An optical modulator device 101 includes a substrate and, on the substrate, an optical modulator structure in which a piezoelectric thin film layer 13 having piezoelectric property is interposed between thin film electrode layers 12, 14 having electrically conductive property with at least one of the thin film electrode layers 12, 14 having light reflective property, wherein the optical modulator structure is driven on a mirror element by mirror element basis, with one mirror element 15 being handled as a unit working independently to modulate a light ray.

Abstract: A reflection layer is provided on a surface of a light guiding body on which projections are formed with intervals, except the side surfaces of the projections. A light emitting element is provided close to one end surface of a light guiding element. Most of the light from the light emitting element is input to the light guiding body through the light input surface. The light travels through the light guiding body to be output from the side surfaces of the projections. After passing through a directional change element, the light is input to the light receiving element in a direction substantially perpendicular to a light receiving element. Outside light passes through the light receiving element and is then input to a lighting apparatus.

Abstract: There is provided a multifocal contact lens having a lens curve formed by altermately arranging a plurality of curved surfaces for far vision and a plurality of curved surfaces for near vision in the form of concentric zones, and a die for forming the contact lens, and a method for producing the contact lens. Each of the curved surfaces (F1, F2, . . . ) for far vision of the lens curve (2) has a center (O.sub.F1, O.sub.F2, . . . ) of curvature on an optical axis and a radius (R.sub.F1, R.sub.F2, . . . ) of curvature, which is set so that a ray being incident on the corresponding curved surface and being parallel to the optical axis forms an image at a location near a single focal point (F.sub.F) for far vision on the optical axis, and each of the curved surfaces (N1, N2, . . . ) for near vision of the lens curve (2) has a center (O.sub.N1, O.sub.N2, . . . ) of curvature on the optical axis and a radius (R.sub.N1, R.sub.N2, . . .

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a light source and includes a two-dimensional light-emitting element array plate formed of a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a plane array, and a liquid crystal panel having a plurality of pixels. Each of the pixels corresponds to each of the light-emitting elements. A light-projecting portion of each of the light-emitting elements is disposed within a light-transmitting region of the corresponding pixel.

Abstract: An eyeglass lens of the present invention has a surface which is a refracting surface arranged such that two coordinate axes X and Y are set to contact with the refracting surface at a determined point thereon while directions of the coordinate axes and an XY plane including the two axes are determined, that a perpendicular line is dropped toward the XY plane from an arbitrary point on the refracting surface, and then X, Y coordinates of an intersecting point between the perpendicular line and the XY plane are denoted by x and y, respectively, and the length of the perpendicular line by z, and that a value of z is expressed as follows: ##EQU1## where r.sup.2 =x.sup.2 +y.sup.2 ; C.sub.x, C.sub.y, K.sub.x, K.sub.y, A.sub.n,m,j are constants to define the shape of lens;n, m, j are integers satisfying conditions of 2.ltoreq.n, 0.ltoreq.m, 0.ltoreq.j, and l.ltoreq.m+j;coefficients satisfy the following conditions: ##EQU2## which cannot be simultaneously zero.