Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may perform measurements on a first set of beam resources. The WTRU may then predict beam resources in a second set of beam resources based on the measurements on the first set of beam resources. Further, the WTRU may report the predicted beam resources. Moreover, the WTRU may receive one or more first signals using a first beam. In an example, the first beam may use beam resources in the second set of beam resources. Also, the WTRU may perform measurements on one or more accuracy parameters of the received one or more first signals. Further, on a condition that the measured one or more accuracy parameters of the received one or more first signals are acceptable, the WTRU may transmit one or more second signals using the first beam.

Abstract: As described herein, there are one or more techniques concerning the performance of training for one or more wireless transmit receive unit(s) (WTRU) configured for generating artificial intelligence and/or machine learning based channel state information feedback.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive reporting configuration information. The reporting configuration information may comprises one or more radio resource management (RRM) measurement thresholds associated with RRM measurements. The reporting configuration information may comprises one or more RRM measurement prediction thresholds associated with RRM measurement predictions. The WTRU may determine a plurality of RRM measurements and a plurality of RRM measurement predictions. The WTRU may determine a reporting periodicity and/or a reporting offset based on the plurality of RRM measurements, the plurality of RRM measurement predictions, the one or more RRM measurement thresholds, and/or the one or more RRM measurement prediction thresholds. The WTRU may send, based on the reporting periodicity and the reporting offset, a report comprising the at least a subset of the plurality of RRM measurements or at least a subset of the plurality of RRM measurement predictions.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information associated with temporal-domain CSI prediction and compression. The WTRU may perform one or more first measurements on first channel samples in the observation window. The WTRU may perform artificial intelligence machine learning (AIML) based prediction of one or more channel instances to determine one or more predicted channel instances. The WTRU may perform one or more second measurements on the one or more predicted channel instances. The WTRU may determine an estimated prediction accuracy for each of the one or more predicted channel instances based on the one or more first measurements and the one or more second measurements. The WTRU may determine a compression ratio from the set of compression ratios for each of the one or more predicted channel instances based on the one or more first measurements and the determined estimated prediction accuracy.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and method for synchronizing temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) information for channel state information (CSI) feedback, comprising receiving configuration information which comprises network (NW)-assistance information associated with NW-side TSF sync information and a condition for detecting misalignment between WTRU-side TSF sync information and the NW-side TSF sync information. A misalignment event is determined to occur between the WTRU-side TSF sync information and the NW-side TSF sync information based on the NW-assistance information and the condition for detecting misalignment. A misalignment mitigation action is determined responsive to the determining that the misalignment event has occurred. The misalignment mitigation action comprising resetting the WTRU-side TSF sync information or retransmitting missing uplink control information (UCI). A report is sent.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive, from one or more responding ambient internet of things (AIOT) devices, an AIOT message and to report a device identity and data from the AIOT message of the one or more responding AIOT devices that are in an associated device list. The associated device list indicates AIOT devices that are associated with the WTRU. The WTRU may be configured to report additional information that includes information of a non-associated AIOT device, which is a responding AIOT device that is not in the associated device list. The additional information may be reported based on a change in a location of the WTRU or a quality of a transmission of the responding non-associated AIOT device. The additional information may comprise a device identity of the responding non-associated AIOT device and a signal strength measurement of the responding non-associated AIOT device.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a server associated with a trained artificial intelligence/machine leaning (AI/ML) model, a first association information. The first association information may comprise a first set of positioning reference signal (PRS) configurations on which the AI/ML model has been trained. The WTRU may receive a request for inferences related to a location of the WTRU via the AI/ML model. The WTRU may send a request for a second association information which may comprise a second set of PRS configurations. The WTRU may determine, by comparing the first and the second association information, the consistency between the first and the second association information based on PRS configurations of the first set of PRS configurations overlapping with PRS configurations of the second set of PRS configurations. The WTRU may implement the trained AI/ML model to generate inferences related to the location of the WTRU.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may comprise: receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information includes a AI/ML model and a first dataset, wherein the first dataset is associated with a first network node; receiving a second data set associated with a second network node; generating a third dataset from the first dataset and second dataset; training the AI/ML model with the third dataset; generating a fourth dataset from the third dataset; and transmitting the fourth dataset to at least one of the first network node or the second network node. The WTRU may be triggered to update the AI/ML model to operate with the second network node.

Abstract: Methods and devices to extend the Channel Occupancy Time (COT) for LBT-free PRACH transmission across consecutive ROs based on blind detection are disclosed. Methods and devices to extend the COT for LBT-free PRACH transmission in case of one or more unused ROs across the consecutive ROs based on dynamic indication from gNB are disclosed. Methods and devices to determine the mode of operation based on the cover-codes are disclosed. Method and devices to support the PRACH transmission from a WTRU in multiple consecutive ROs are disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives configuration information associated with out-of-sync detection for temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) compression of channel state information (CSI). The WTRU measures a metric associated with TSF compression. The WTRU detects an out-of-sync event based on the metric and the configuration information. The WTRU determines a mitigation action based on the detection of the out-of-sync event. The WTRU sends an indication of the detected out-of-sync event and an indication of the determined mitigation action to a network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor is disclosed. The processor is configured to receive configuration information indicating information related to ground-truth reporting. The processor is further configured to determine a plurality of ground-truth samples based on one or more received reference signals and determine one or more metrics associated with the plurality of ground-truth samples. The processor is further configured to determine one or more data quality indicators associated with the plurality of ground-truth samples based on the one or more metrics and the configuration information. The processor is further configured to determine a subset of ground-truth samples of the plurality of ground-truth samples based on the one or more data quality indicators, the threshold associated with ground-truth filtering, and the plurality of ground-truth samples, and send the subset of ground-truth samples to the network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a measurement prediction configuration that may comprise a first indication. The first indication may indicate that the WTRU is to perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements for one or more cells or that the WTRU is to predict RRM measurements for one or more cells. The measurement prediction configuration may comprise one or more measurement objects. Each of the one or more measurement objects may comprise information associated with the RRM measurements to be performed and/or to be predicted. The WTRU may determine the applicability of the AI/ML model to predict RRM measurements on each of the one or more cells based on the first indication indicating that a RRM measurement is to be predicted.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are disclosed and described. A wireless transmit-receive unit, WTRU, receives configuration information comprising conditions related to a service request. It receives a service request comprising at least one parameter relating to the conditions. It determines a transaction identifier based on the service request and transmits a paging message for triggering a random access, RA, of devices. The paging message includes an indication of resources to use for RA and the transaction identifier. The WTRU receives and collects data from the devices that successfully performed RA in the indicated resources. For collecting data from the devices that did not successfully perform RA in the indicated resources, the WTRU repeats, according to the conditions, transmitting the paging message and receiving and collecting the data. Finally, the WTRU reports, to the network, the collected data.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may comprise: receiving configuration information, the configuration information including a current artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) model and one or more suitability evaluation triggering conditions, wherein the current AI/ML model has been trained with a first dataset, and wherein the current AI/ML model includes a current AI/ML model encoder, acquiring a second dataset; on a condition that the at least one of the one or more suitability evaluation triggering conditions is satisfied, evaluating the suitability of the current AI/ML model; on a condition that the current AI/ML model is not suitable, retraining the current AI/ML model with the second dataset to obtain a second AI/ML model, wherein the second AI/ML model includes a second AI/ML encoder; transmitting, to a base station, information indicating that the retraining is complete.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information. The configuration information may be associated with preferred hidden buffer states for temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) compression. The WTRU may determine a set of preferred hidden buffer states based on a plurality of historical channel state information (CSI) measurements and/or the configuration information. The set of preferred hidden buffer states may be based on squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) performance, an identified blockage event, physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) performance, and/or an observation periodicity. The WTRU may send an indication for the set of preferred hidden buffer states to a network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information indicating measurement reporting information for a plurality of processes. The WTRU may determine a processing unit allocation for each process based on a minimum processing time associated with each process and/or a readiness status of each process. The WTRU may determine a processing unit availability based on the processing unit allocation, minimum processing time, a maximum number of processing units, and/or capability of the processing units. The WTRU may determine a priority order for each process. The WTRU may determine to process at least a subset of the plurality of processes based on the priority order, the processing unit availability, and/or the processing unit allocation for each process. The WTRU may send a report associated with each process of the at least subset of the plurality of processes.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information associated with a set of transmission schemes. The configuration information may include threshold information. The WTRU may receive paging information indicating a set of devices and/or transmission schemes. The WTRU may send, based on the paging information, a first R2D message which includes information indicating the devices. The WTRU may receive one or more D2R messages which include information indicating one or more of the devices. The WTRU may determine to apply a first or second transmission scheme of the set of transmission schemes based on at least one condition being satisfied. The WTRU may send a second R2D message which includes information indicating the at least one of the devices and the determined transmission scheme.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives configuration information. The configuration information is associated with channel state information (CSI) compression. Therein, the configuration information indicates that the WTRU is to determine a next compression mode. The WTRU determines a measured performance metric to determine the next compression mode based on CSI measured by the WTRU. The WTRU determines the next compression mode based on the measured performance metric and a first configured threshold. The WTRU determines that the next compression mode is temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) if a current compression mode is spatial-frequency (SF) and the measured performance metric exceeds the first configured threshold. The WTRU determines that the next compression mode as SF if a current compression mode is TSF and the measured performance metric is below a second configured threshold. The WTRU sends an indication of the next compression mode to a network.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for measurement for beam failure recovery.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives configuration information. The configuration information is associated with temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) compression. The WTRU measures channel state information (CSI). The WTRU determines TSF parameters based on the configuration information and the measured CSI. The WTRU calculates a compressed CSI based on the measured CSI and the determined TSF parameters. The WTRU sends the determined TSF parameters and the compressed CSI in a CSI measurement report.