Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a server associated with a trained artificial intelligence/machine leaning (AI/ML) model, a first association information. The first association information may comprise a first set of positioning reference signal (PRS) configurations on which the AI/ML model has been trained. The WTRU may receive a request for inferences related to a location of the WTRU via the AI/ML model. The WTRU may send a request for a second association information which may comprise a second set of PRS configurations. The WTRU may determine, by comparing the first and the second association information, the consistency between the first and the second association information based on PRS configurations of the first set of PRS configurations overlapping with PRS configurations of the second set of PRS configurations. The WTRU may implement the trained AI/ML model to generate inferences related to the location of the WTRU.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may comprise: receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information includes a AI/ML model and a first dataset, wherein the first dataset is associated with a first network node; receiving a second data set associated with a second network node; generating a third dataset from the first dataset and second dataset; training the AI/ML model with the third dataset; generating a fourth dataset from the third dataset; and transmitting the fourth dataset to at least one of the first network node or the second network node. The WTRU may be triggered to update the AI/ML model to operate with the second network node.

Abstract: Methods and devices to extend the Channel Occupancy Time (COT) for LBT-free PRACH transmission across consecutive ROs based on blind detection are disclosed. Methods and devices to extend the COT for LBT-free PRACH transmission in case of one or more unused ROs across the consecutive ROs based on dynamic indication from gNB are disclosed. Methods and devices to determine the mode of operation based on the cover-codes are disclosed. Method and devices to support the PRACH transmission from a WTRU in multiple consecutive ROs are disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives configuration information associated with out-of-sync detection for temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) compression of channel state information (CSI). The WTRU measures a metric associated with TSF compression. The WTRU detects an out-of-sync event based on the metric and the configuration information. The WTRU determines a mitigation action based on the detection of the out-of-sync event. The WTRU sends an indication of the detected out-of-sync event and an indication of the determined mitigation action to a network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor is disclosed. The processor is configured to receive configuration information indicating information related to ground-truth reporting. The processor is further configured to determine a plurality of ground-truth samples based on one or more received reference signals and determine one or more metrics associated with the plurality of ground-truth samples. The processor is further configured to determine one or more data quality indicators associated with the plurality of ground-truth samples based on the one or more metrics and the configuration information. The processor is further configured to determine a subset of ground-truth samples of the plurality of ground-truth samples based on the one or more data quality indicators, the threshold associated with ground-truth filtering, and the plurality of ground-truth samples, and send the subset of ground-truth samples to the network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a measurement prediction configuration that may comprise a first indication. The first indication may indicate that the WTRU is to perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements for one or more cells or that the WTRU is to predict RRM measurements for one or more cells. The measurement prediction configuration may comprise one or more measurement objects. Each of the one or more measurement objects may comprise information associated with the RRM measurements to be performed and/or to be predicted. The WTRU may determine the applicability of the AI/ML model to predict RRM measurements on each of the one or more cells based on the first indication indicating that a RRM measurement is to be predicted.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are disclosed and described. A wireless transmit-receive unit, WTRU, receives configuration information comprising conditions related to a service request. It receives a service request comprising at least one parameter relating to the conditions. It determines a transaction identifier based on the service request and transmits a paging message for triggering a random access, RA, of devices. The paging message includes an indication of resources to use for RA and the transaction identifier. The WTRU receives and collects data from the devices that successfully performed RA in the indicated resources. For collecting data from the devices that did not successfully perform RA in the indicated resources, the WTRU repeats, according to the conditions, transmitting the paging message and receiving and collecting the data. Finally, the WTRU reports, to the network, the collected data.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may comprise: receiving configuration information, the configuration information including a current artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) model and one or more suitability evaluation triggering conditions, wherein the current AI/ML model has been trained with a first dataset, and wherein the current AI/ML model includes a current AI/ML model encoder, acquiring a second dataset; on a condition that the at least one of the one or more suitability evaluation triggering conditions is satisfied, evaluating the suitability of the current AI/ML model; on a condition that the current AI/ML model is not suitable, retraining the current AI/ML model with the second dataset to obtain a second AI/ML model, wherein the second AI/ML model includes a second AI/ML encoder; transmitting, to a base station, information indicating that the retraining is complete.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information. The configuration information may be associated with preferred hidden buffer states for temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) compression. The WTRU may determine a set of preferred hidden buffer states based on a plurality of historical channel state information (CSI) measurements and/or the configuration information. The set of preferred hidden buffer states may be based on squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) performance, an identified blockage event, physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) performance, and/or an observation periodicity. The WTRU may send an indication for the set of preferred hidden buffer states to a network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information indicating measurement reporting information for a plurality of processes. The WTRU may determine a processing unit allocation for each process based on a minimum processing time associated with each process and/or a readiness status of each process. The WTRU may determine a processing unit availability based on the processing unit allocation, minimum processing time, a maximum number of processing units, and/or capability of the processing units. The WTRU may determine a priority order for each process. The WTRU may determine to process at least a subset of the plurality of processes based on the priority order, the processing unit availability, and/or the processing unit allocation for each process. The WTRU may send a report associated with each process of the at least subset of the plurality of processes.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives configuration information. The configuration information is associated with channel state information (CSI) compression. Therein, the configuration information indicates that the WTRU is to determine a next compression mode. The WTRU determines a measured performance metric to determine the next compression mode based on CSI measured by the WTRU. The WTRU determines the next compression mode based on the measured performance metric and a first configured threshold. The WTRU determines that the next compression mode is temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) if a current compression mode is spatial-frequency (SF) and the measured performance metric exceeds the first configured threshold. The WTRU determines that the next compression mode as SF if a current compression mode is TSF and the measured performance metric is below a second configured threshold. The WTRU sends an indication of the next compression mode to a network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information associated with a set of transmission schemes. The configuration information may include threshold information. The WTRU may receive paging information indicating a set of devices and/or transmission schemes. The WTRU may send, based on the paging information, a first R2D message which includes information indicating the devices. The WTRU may receive one or more D2R messages which include information indicating one or more of the devices. The WTRU may determine to apply a first or second transmission scheme of the set of transmission schemes based on at least one condition being satisfied. The WTRU may send a second R2D message which includes information indicating the at least one of the devices and the determined transmission scheme.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for measurement for beam failure recovery.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) receives configuration information. The configuration information is associated with temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) compression. The WTRU measures channel state information (CSI). The WTRU determines TSF parameters based on the configuration information and the measured CSI. The WTRU calculates a compressed CSI based on the measured CSI and the determined TSF parameters. The WTRU sends the determined TSF parameters and the compressed CSI in a CSI measurement report.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive an indication of transmitted synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) comprised in an SSB burst and an indication of skipped SSBs in the SSB burst. The skipped SSBs are not transmitted by a base station in the SSB burst. The WTRU may determine to send an indication that the WTRU wants to use a skipped SSB for or after an initial access procedure. The WTRU may transmit a random access preamble using random access resources and receive at least one downlink transmission using a beam associated with the skipped SSB.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for measurement for beam failure recovery. A Wireless Transfer/Receive Unit, WTRU, determines beam failure for at least one beam, wherein beam failure respectively is determined based on a measured value for beams of a first type and on an estimated value for beams of a second type, and, upon determining a number of beam failures, determines, based on a parameter, a determined candidate beam among a plurality of candidate beams, wherein the parameter is based on a measured parameter for a candidate beam of the first type and wherein the parameter is predicted for a candidate beam of the second type.

Abstract: A WTRU may be configured to receive a first configuration information indicating a first number of code block groups (CBGs), receive a first DL scheduling information, and receive the first TB. The first TB may be comprised of the first number of CBGs. The WTRU may be configured to transmit a HARQ-ACK or a HARQ-NACK for each of the first number of CBGs, determine a second number of CBGs based on at least one of: a measurement, a current rate of ACK-to-NACK, or an estimation of packet delay or latency, determine a precision metric associated with the second number of CBGs, receive a second configuration information indicating a third number of CBGs, receive a second DL scheduling information that indicates a transmission of a second TB, receive the second TB, and transmit a HARQ-ACK or HARQ-NACK for each of the third number of CBGs.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products for measurement for beam failure recovery. A Wireless Transfer/Receive Unit, WTRU, determines beam failure for at least one beam, wherein beam failure is determined based on an estimated value for a beam of a second type, for a beam of a first type, on a measured value in case transmitted data was received within a time window and on an estimated value otherwise, and, upon determining a number of beam failures, determines a beam for transmission and, in case the beam for transmission is of the first type, transmits using a contention-based resource and, in case the beam for transmission is of the second type, transmitting using a contention-free resource.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receiver unit (WTRU) receives mismatch configuration information for two-sided artificial intelligence machine learning (AIML) to support network-side measurement and detection of mismatch between channel state information (CSI) reconstructed at the network-side and CSI estimated at the WTRU-side. The WTRU transmits to a base station, a test vector in response to a trigger and receives, from the base station, an indication of CSI mismatch based on the transmitted test vector. The WTRU performs a CSI mismatch mitigation method in response to the received indication. The configuration information may include one or more test vector types, a set of test vectors associated with the one or more test vector types, one or more metrics to monitor and one or more mismatch mitigation methods. The trigger to send the test vector may be one of a period of time or an occurrence of a monitored metric exceeding a configured threshold.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receiver unit (WTRU) using two-sided models for channel state information (CSI) feedback receives, from abase station, configuration information including parameters to perform eigenvector (EV) based channel state information (CSI) compression, a precoding gain threshold to determine an input/output (I/O) mismatch event and a reporting configuration for compressed CSI feedback. The WTRU receives CSI-RSs, determines CSI including a first rank indicator (RI) and first channel quality indicator (CQI) and performs EV based CSI compression the CSI. The WTRU reports the first RI and CQI and the compressed CSI associated with a first precoder and receives one or more RSs precoded by the base station with a second precoder to determine an effective precoding gain based on the precoded RSs. The WTRU determines a second RI and second CQI when the determined effective precoding gain is below the configured precoding gain threshold.