Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems for enabling interference avoidance, for example from self and neighboring interference are disclosed. In one representative method implemented in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) using time-frequency (TF) resources in first and second directions, the method includes comprising TF resource muting or symbol muting, by the WTRU, one or more TF resources for communication in the first direction based on information associated with a communication in the second direction or subframe shortening, by the WTRU, by one or more TF resources for communication in the first direction based on information associated with a communication in the second direction.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may perform cell selection and/or beam association as described herein. The WTRU may use contextual information, such as a location, to enable cell selection and/or beam association. The WTRU may be configured with a resource on which to report WTRU contextual information. The WTRU may receive, in response to the contextual information, assistance information associated with one or more cells for enabling cell selection and/or beam association. For example, the WTRU may receive a defined subset of measurement resources in response to the transmission of the location on the resource. The WTRU may determine a base station (BS) and/or a beam pair (BP) based on the assistance information. The WTRU may perform a transmission to the BS using at least one beam of the BP.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may perform a listen before talk (LBT) procedure associated with a sidelink (SL) bandwidth. The SL bandwidth may include a resource block (RB) set. The WTRU may determine a CSLF associated with the RB set of the SL bandwidth based on the LBT procedure. The WTRU may determine a resource for reporting the CSLF, for example, based on a priority rule. The priority rule may indicate that a licensed resource has a higher priority than an unlicensed resource. The priority rule may indicate that, if a consistent LBT failure is not detected on an unlicensed uplink (UL) resource, the unlicensed UL resource has a higher priority than an unlicensed SL resource. The WTRU may send a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) using the determined resource. In examples, the MAC CE may indicate the RB set.

Abstract: Techniques for efficient downlink control with a large number of carriers and/or TTis are described. Techniques for blind decoding reduction may include making the search space and/or aggregation level of candidates for a first PDCCH/E-PDCCH associated with the characteristics of a second received PDCCH/E-PDCCH. Techniques may include embedding DCI for a set of serving cells and/or TTis in a PDSCH. DCI for a set of serving cells and/or TTis may be included in single PDCCH/E-PDCCH. To reduce overhead, carrier indicator field interpretation may be associated with the serving cell or TTI from which the PDCCH/E-PDCCH containing the downlink control information is received, or the group of cells or TTis to which the PDCCH/E-PDCCH containing the downlink control information belongs.

Abstract: A method and system for flexible resource control for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is disclosed. The WTRU may monitor a first control channel region and receive a first control channel transmission in the first control region indicating boundaries of a plurality of numerology blocks of a carrier. The WTRU may then receive a second control channel transmission in a second control channel of a second control region, wherein the second control channel transmission indicates one or more numerology parameters for at least one of the plurality of numerology blocks. The WTRU may then transmit or receive data based on the one or more numerology parameters of the one or more numerology blocks.

Abstract: Channel access in unlicensed spectrum may be a function of the type of physical channel and/or a procedure that initiated a transmission. An LBT procedure may be performed as a function of beam management. A WTRU may access a channel using multiple channel access methods associated with multiple uplink transmissions based on a determination of persistent interference associated with the channel. Channel access methods may be performed with different parameters or characteristics based on the resource type/timing of the transmission/measurements of DL/UL RS. Channel access methods may be characterized by a sensing duration, an ED threshold, a beam width, and/or a beam direction. Different ED thresholds may be applied as a function of one or more characteristics of an applicable beam. Multiple sensing methods and/or related parameters may be applied as a function of the type of physical channel and/or the type of procedure associated with a transmission.

Abstract: Method, apparatus, and systems are disclosed. In one representative embodiment, a method may be implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) using a channel. The method may include receiving, by the WTRU in a downlink message, a channel transmission trigger (CTT) and selecting, by the WTRU, a type of a Listen Before Talk (LBT) configuration to be performed based on the received CTT. The method may further include determining, by the WTRU in accordance with the type of LBT configuration selected, whether the channel is available for transmission and transmitting data or control information on the channel, on condition that the channel is available for transmission.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for performing a configured grant (CG) uplink (UL) transmission are provided. The method includes receiving configuration information associated with a plurality of CG configurations for CG UL transmission; determining to transmit the CG UL transmission according to any of: (1) a set of available channel bandwidths, (2) a number of code block groups (CBGs), and (3) transmission parameters associated with the CG UL transmission; selecting a first CG configuration according to any of: (1) the set of available channel bandwidths, (2) the number of code block groups (CBGs), and (3) the transmission parameters associated with the CG UL transmission; and transmitting any number of CBGs as the CG UL transmission using resources associated with the selected first configuration, wherein the resources of the selected first CG configuration are entirely within the set of available channel bandwidths.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive first measurement indication information indicating an activation of measurement reporting. The WTRU may determine a first set of resource elements (REs) based on the first measurement indication information. Further, the first set of REs may be associated with measurement-related time and frequency resources. Also, the WTRU may receive one or more measurement-related signals in the indicated first set of REs. Additionally, the WTRU may perform a measurement of each measurement-related signal. The WTRU may transmit, based on the first measurement indication information, a measurement report based on the measurement of each measurement-related signal. Further, the WTRU may receive second measurement indication information indicating a deactivation of measurement reporting.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for beam refinement are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate an association between preambles, synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), reference signal (RS) sets, and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources. The WTRU may be configured to receive a plurality of SSBs, determine a measurement of the received SSBs, and select an SSB based on the determined measurement. The WTRU may be configured to select and transmit a preamble using a first beam. The WTRU may be configured to receive a plurality of sets of RSs based on the transmitted preamble and determine a measurement of the received sets of RSs. The WTRU may be configured to select a RS based on the determined measurement of the received sets of RSs. The WTRU may be configured to transmit uplink data on a PUSCH using a second beam.

Abstract: There may be approaches for sidelink unlicensed (SL U) channel access in Mode 2. For example, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may perform SL U channel access and resource selection for channel occupancy time (COT) sharing and COT initiation within a resource selection window (RSW). The WTRU may detect COT and share based on control information, such as remaining duration, the number of scheduled transmission(s) within the COT, frequency resource assignment, priority, cast type, WTRU source and/or destination ID, COT/resource reservation, channel congestion, etc. The WTRU may determine SL COT initiation based on LBT and SCI sensing information including COT/resource reservation, priority, cast type, WTRU source and/or destination ID, channel congestion, etc. The WTRU may determine transmission resources within shared and initiated SL COT based on WTRU source and/or destination ID of a TB to transmit, RB interlace assignment indicated in decoded SCI associated with an overlapping reserved COT.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) determines PDCCH candidates. For a slot, the WTRU determines a number of valid PDCCH candidates associated with at least one search space based on a number of designated search spaces associated with the WTRU in the slot, a type of the search space, a priority associated with the search space, a number of required CCE channel estimates associated with the search space, a maximum number of PDCCH candidates in a slot, and a number of control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with the slot. The WTRU may then attempt to decode CCEs in the at least one search space to recover a PDCCH associated with the WTRU. The WTRU may drop PDCCH candidates from the search space when the number of PDCCH exceeds a maximum value.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise receiving a plurality of LBT configurations associated with one or more of a beam, a BWP, a LCH, a set of LBT parameters, a transmission type or an LBT subband. The method may further comprise receiving an indication to transmit using a first LBT configuration of the plurality of LBT configurations. An attempt to acquire a channel may then be made using the first LBT configuration. The indication to transmit may additionally indicate a second LBT configuration of the plurality of LBT configurations. Data may be transmitted on the channel when the attempt to acquire the channel is successful. An attempt to acquire the channel using the second LBT configuration of the plurality of LBT configurations may be made when the attempt to acquire the channel using the first LBT configuration fails.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for transmitting uplink data to a wireless network asynchronously comprising generating data for transmission to the network on an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) transport channel, selecting between transmitting the data to the network orthogonally or non-orthogonally, and transmitting the data on the selected physical channel.

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receiver unit is disclosed. A method may include receiving configuration information indicating a value for a timer associated with feedback reporting and receiving information indicating a presence of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission resource and indicating a request for a feedback report including feedback associated with the CSI-RS transmission resource. The method may include determining a validity of a feedback report based on a time between the CSI-RS transmission resource and a feedback report resource and based on the timer associated with feedback reporting and transmitting, based on a determination that the feedback report is valid, the feedback report in the feedback report resource.

Abstract: A WTRU is configured to receive information to transmit uplink data indicating a first number of nominal repetitions and a first number of symbols for transmission in each of the first number of nominal repetitions. The WTRU is configured to determine a set of symbols associated with a first nominal repetition of the first number of nominal repetitions and is configured to transmit, based on the set of symbols associated with the first nominal repetition, a second number of actual repetitions in symbols associated with the first nominal repetition. The second number of actual repetitions and the symbols used to transmit the second number of actual repetitions are based on an occurrence of an event during the set of symbols associated with the first nominal repetition. The second number of actual repetitions is determined based on whether the event is a COT and the COT is initiated by the WTRU.

Abstract: Systems and methods described herein are provided for beamforming and uplink control and data transmission techniques. Such techniques enable a UE to maintain at least one beam process for operation with multiple beams and/or points. A beam process may be indicated for transmission or reception over a downlink or uplink physical channel. Power, timing, and channel state information may be specific to a beam process. A beam process may be established as part of a random access procedure in which resources may be provisioned in random access response messages. Techniques are provided to handle beam process failures, to use beam processes for mobility, and to select beams using open-loop and closed-loop selection procedures.

Abstract: Method, apparatus, and systems are disclosed. In one representative embodiment, a method may be implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) using a channel. The method may include receiving, by the WTRU in a downlink message, a channel transmission trigger (CTT) and selecting, by the WTRU, a type of a Listen Before Talk (LBT) configuration to be performed based on the received CTT. The method may further include determining, by the WTRU in accordance with the type of LBT configuration selected, whether the channel is available for transmission and transmitting data or control information on the channel, on condition that the channel is available for transmission.

Abstract: Method, apparatus, and systems for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) enhancement in wireless communications are disclosed. In one representative embodiment, a method implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for wireless communications includes identifying a codebook process from a set of codebook processes based on a first indication, associating a set of bits of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback with the identified codebook process, maintaining the set of bits associated with the identified codebook process based on a condition, receiving a second indication to transmit the set of bits associated with the identified codebook process, and transmitting the set of bits based on the second indication.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive a set of candidate resources, which may be used for transmission. The WTRU may periodically perform CCA on a channel (e.g., before transmitting on the channel). When the channel is determined to be free, the WTRU may determine a resource for transmission from the candidate resources. The resource may be determined based on the time remaining in the time period. For example, when the time remaining in the time period is shorter, the WTRU may determine to transmit on a resource that comprises more frequency resources. The WTRU may determine a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) scheme based on the number of frequency resources. The WTRU may send a transmission on the resource, which may include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS). The DM-RS may indicate the resource used from transmission to a receiver of the transmission.