Abstract: Viscoelastic foam is made by reacting an isocyanate compound with water and a polyol mixture. The polyol mixture contains a dispersion of polyurethane or polyurethane-urea particles in a carrier polyol (a PIPA polyol) and at least one other polyol that is a homopolymer of propylene oxide or a copolymer of 20 to 99.9 weight-% propylene oxide and 0.1 to 80 weight-% ethylene oxide, has 2 to 4 hydroxyl groups per molecule and has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 200 to 400. The VE foams are characterized by high airflows and long recovery times.

Abstract: PIPA polyols are made by reacting a low equivalent weight polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a stabilizer. Low amounts, if any, of water are present. Useful stabilizers include functionalized linear or branched polyethers having at least one polyether segment having a molecular weight of 200 to 8000, wherein the functionalized polyether is terminated at one end with one or more isocyanate groups or with one or more isocyanate-reactive groups linked to the polyether through one or more urea and/or urethane groups, and further wherein all or a portion of such functionalized polyether contains one or more biuret, isocyanurate, urea or allophonate groups.

Abstract: PIPA polyols are made in a two-step process. In the first step, a base polyether polyol and a polyisocyanate are reacted to form a mixture that contains unreacted base polyol, unreacted polyisocyanate and adducts of the base polyol and polyisocyanate. A low equivalent weight polyol is then added and reacted in a second step to form the dispersion. The process unexpectedly produces a stable dispersion of the fine PIPA particles in the base polyol, even when the base polyol contains mostly secondary hydroxyl groups. The process also permits the tuning of product viscosity by increasing or decreasing the extent of reaction in the first step.

Abstract: Embodiments include polymer polyol dispersions which include a polyol liquid phase and solid particle phase. Embodiments include methods of making the polymer polyol dispersions. The polymer polyol dispersions are essentially free of tin, have a solid content of between about 20 and 50 wt % based on the total weight of the polymer polyol dispersion, and have a viscosity at 20C of less than 9000 mPas. The solid particle phase has more than 90% by weight of particles in the solid particle phase having a particle diameter of less than 5 ?m.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a polymer polyol dispersions. The polymer dispersions include a reaction product of a reaction system, where the reaction system includes: at least one polyol, at least one phosphorus based flame retardant having at least one active hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom, at least one of a co-reactant having an equivalent weight of up to 400 and at least one active hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom, at least one catalyst, and at least one polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Ethylene carbonate is polymerized by itself or together with another cyclic monomer such as 1,2-propylene oxide in the presence of a double metal cyanide catalyst. Most of the ethylene carbonate adds to the chain to form a terminal carbonate group, which decarboxylates to produce a hydroxyethyl group at the end of the polymer chain. The polymerization of more ethylene carbonate onto the chain end results in the formation of poly(ethyleneoxy) units. Therefore, the process provides a method for making poly(ethyleneoxy) polymers without the need to polymerize ethylene oxide. The process is useful for making polyethers that are useful as water-absorbable polymers, surfactants and as raw materials for polyurethanes. The process is also useful for increasing the primary hydroxyl content of a polyether.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a method of producing polymer polyol dispersions is. The method includes providing at least one reaction system, and the reaction system includes: a) at least one polyol, b) at least one seed population, c) at least one catalyst, d) at least one co-reactant having an equivalent weight of up to 400 and at least one active hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom, and e) at least one polyisocyanate. The at least one seed population includes less than about 5% by weight of the total weight of the at least one reaction system and includes seed particles having diameters of less than 5 ?m. The at least one reaction mixture reacts to form at least one of a polyurea and polyurethane-urea particle population in the at least one polyol without the addition of any catalysts comprising tin. The polymer polyol dispersion has a solids content of at least 15% of the weight of the polymer polyol dispersion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide for polymer polyols and methods of producing polymer polyols. Methods include providing at least one first composition which includes at least one polyol, at least one isocyanate non-reactive seed population, and at least one of a co-reactant having an equivalent weight of up to 400 and at least one active hydrogen attached to a nitrogen or oxygen atom. The at least one isocyanate non-reactive seed population includes less than about 5% by weight of the total weight of the first composition, and the seed population has a maximum particle diameter of less than 10 The first composition is combined with at least one polyisocyanate under mixing to form at least one of a polyurea, polyurethane, and a polyurethane-urea particle population dispersed in the first composition, wherein at least 90% by weight of the particle population has a particle diameter of less than 100 ?m.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide for a method of preparing a polyurethane foam, including reacting least one initiator comprising at least two hydroxyl groups with at least one 12-hydroxystearic acid to form at least one polyester polyol, reacting the at least one polyester polyol with at least one alkoxylating agent in the presence of a DMC catalyst to form at least one polyether/polyester polyol, and reacting the at least one polyether/polyester polyol with at least one isocyanate.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide for polyurethane foams that include renewable resources while keeping desired properties of the polyurethane product. For example, described herein, according to embodiments of the invention, are polyurethane foams that have a high concentration of renewable resources while retaining favorable airflow, tensile strength, tear resistance, elongation, indentation force deflection, and/or resilience. These foams may also posses improved yellowing resistance and improved water absorption rates.

Abstract: A polymer polyol composition having dispersed polymer particles in a continuous phase which includes at least one polyether natural oil based polyol comprising at least two natural oil moieties separated by at least one of a molecular structure having an average of at least about 19 ether groups between any 2 of the natural oil moieties and a polyether molecular structure having an equivalent weight of at least about 400. The polymer polyol composition may be used in forming polyurethane foams.

Abstract: A modified natural oil made from reacting at least one natural oil or fat comprising at least one ene moiety with at least one of an enophile or dienophile mixture to form at least one modified natural oil, and reacting the at least one modified natural oil which may be used in a variety of processes.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide for viscoelastic polyurethane foams made in the presence of a bismuth comprising catalyst. The viscoelastic polyurethane foam may be the reaction product of a reaction mixture including at least one polyol and at least one isocyanate, wherein the at least one polyol and the at least one isocyanate are reacted in the presence of at least one bismuth comprising catalyst, and wherein the viscoelastic polyurethane foam has a density of less than 100 kg/m3 and a resilience of less than about 25%.