Abstract: The rate at which deposits are formed in carbon black reactors is reduced by feeding a contaminant rich feed oil stream into the reactor surrounded by a substantially contaminant free feed oil stream.

Abstract: Combustion gases containing free oxygen and a carbonaceous feed are introduced into a carbon black reactor, with the combustion gases being at a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the feed hydrocarbon to produce combustion products containing particulate carbon black. The combustion products are cooled by quenching to form a gaseous effluent containing particulate carbon black. The effluent is discharged from the reactor to an indirect heat exchange means for further cooling the effluent. Carbon black pellets are introduced into the effluent inlet of the indirect heat exchange means for removing carbon black which has become deposited on surfaces defining the flow path or flow paths for the effluent flowing through the heat exchange means. The effluent after cooling in the indirect heat exchange means is passed to separating means for separating the effluent into a gaseous portion and a particulate carbon black portion. Thereafter, the particulate carbon black portion can be pelleted.

Abstract: A start-up procedure for a carbon black furnace wherein a low Btu off-gas as can be obtained from the filters in which the carbon black is separated from the carbon black reactor effluent is admixed with a high Btu fuel and passed along with combustion-supporting gas to a combustion zone in a carbon black reactor furnace to create a desired vortex of hot combustion gases therein suitable for production of carbon black and wherein when combustion of part of the feedstock introduced into said vortex the temperature can be maintained phasing out or discontinuing the flow of said high Btu fuel.

Abstract: High tint residual carbon black is produced in a vortex flow, venturi oil furnace carbon black reactor by charging the liquid feed or make hydrocarbon axially as a solid jet into a swirling mass of hot combustion gases upstream from the venturi and passing the hydrocarbon feed and hot combustion gases under carbon black forming conditions through the venturi section of the carbon black reactor.

Abstract: Carbon black reactors have dual fluid injectors whereby liquid hydrocarbonaceous feedstock atomized by discharging the feedstock through a dual fluid injector with an atomizing fluid. A method for cleaning coke deposits from such dual fluid injectors comprises interrupting the supply of atomizing fluid thereto a cleaning interval effective to remove the coke deposits.

Abstract: Two carbon black reactors in sequence, one being a high-structure carbon black reactor, the other being a low structure carbon black reactor, one feeding into the other, yield low tint residual carbon black.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing carbon black in which combustion gas is introduced into a precombustion or combustion zone of a carbon black reactor in a manner to produce a vortex of combustion gases traveling axially through said reactor and a flow of fluid which contains feedstock is introduced into the reactor in a manner to produce another axially moving vortex internal to the combustion gas vortex with both of these vortices passed through a combustion zone to produce carbon black. In embodiments of the invention, method and apparatus for producing a vortex of feedstock, a vortex of cooling air interfaced with axially flowing feedstock, or combined vortices of feedstock and cooling air.

Abstract: Carbon black having a tint residual of less than about -5 is produced by injecting a feedstock axially into a vortex flow, oil furnace carbon black reactor having a cylindrical precombustion zone and a frustoconical converging zone.

Abstract: In a carbon black process with tangential hot combustion gas introduction the pressure drop across the reactor is reduced by introducing a gas stream radially outwardly in close proximity with the upstream confining reactor wall.

Abstract: A method for filtering dust from a dust-laden gas stream utilizing a tubular fabric filter is provided wherein cleaning of said filter is accomplished by backflow of gas through the filter wall and axial pulsations of gas along the longitudinal axis of the tubular filter.

Abstract: Combustion gases containing free oxygen and feed hydrocarbon are introduced into a carbon black reactor, with the combustion gases being at a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the feed hydrocarbon to produce particulate carbon black. The combustion products are cooled by quenching to form a gaseous effluent containing particulate carbon black. The quenched effluent is discharged from the reactor to an indirect heat exchange means for further cooling the effluent. Control means is provided for producing a signal representative of the rate of heat transfer in the indirect heat exchange means. When the heat transfer rate falls below a predetermined level, the control means closes a valve in the feed hydrocarbon input line to terminate flow of the feed hydrocarbon to the reactor. In the absence of feed hydrocarbon, hot combustion gases flowing through the reactor and the indirect heat exchange means contain sufficient free oxygen to burn out carbon black deposits in the indirect heat exchange means.

Abstract: Carbon black is produced in a reactor by introducing a carbonaceous feed material into one end of the reactor. One or more streams of hot gases are introduced in a direction generally tangential to the side wall of the precombustion zone of the reactor and in a plane generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the reactor to supply heat to decompose the feed material to produce carbon black. This operation is continued until the pressure drop across the reactor reaches a preselected higher value. Thereafter, the stream or streams of hot gases are introduced tangentially to the side wall of the precombustion zone but with each stream being in a respective plane at an angle less than 90.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the reactor and in a downstream direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the reactor so as to reduce the pressure drop to a lower value.

Abstract: Stoichiometric combustion conditions are provided at a location remote from reactor walls in a carbon black process and apparatus by injecting radially inwardly hot combustion gases of a complementary composition with respect to the hot combustion gases introduced tangentially into the reactor.

Abstract: A start-up technique for a carbon black production process, in which carbon black laden effluent smoke from a carbon black furnace is quenched to terminate the reaction and cool said smoke and said smoke is thereafter cooled, at least in part, by indirect heat exchange with water, in which the smoke is initially quenched with a quench fluid to a temperature substantially below a predetermined temperature of introduction into the heat exchange step and the magnitude of the quenching is reduced over an extended period of time until the smoke is being quenched into a temperature substantially equal to the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: In an aspiration chamber of a carbon black reactor, the discharge end of a hydrocarbon inlet and the aspiration inlet of a hydrocarbon reaction section are arranged in such a proximate relationship that the hydrocarbon feed entering from said inlet into said reaction section aspirates surrounding hot combustion gases. The aspiration chamber has a wall converging from the end to which the reaction section is attached towards the end to which the hydrocarbon inlet is attached. Inlets for the combustion gases comprising coal are provided for the tangential feed of the combustion gases into the annulus formed between the reaction section and the converging wall of the aspiration chamber. At least one ash outlet for discharging the ash from the chamber is arranged upstream of the discharge end of the hydrocarbon feed means.

Abstract: Combustion gases containing free oxygen and feed hydrocarbon are introduced into a carbon black reactor, with the combustion gases being at a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the feed hydrocarbon to produce particulate carbon black. The combustion products are cooled by quenching to form a gaseous effluent containing particulate carbon black. The quenched effluent is discharged from the reactor to an indirect heat exchange means for further cooling the effluent. Control means is provided for producing a signal representative of the rate of heat transfer in the indirect heat exchange means. When the heat transfer rate falls below a predetermined level, the control means closes a valve in the feed hydrocarbon input line to terminate flow of the feed hydrocarbon to the reactor. In the absence of feed hydrocarbon, hot combustion gases flowing through the reactor and the indirect heat exchange means contain sufficient free oxygen to burn out carbon black deposits in the indirect heat exchange means.

Abstract: A fixed fluidized particulate solids bed heat recovery vessle or steam generator having indirect heat exchange means within the bed and introduction of a gas containing an entrained solids by way of a spread tube bundle which connects the small diameter gas inlet conduit to the larger diameter bottom section of the fluidized bed to effect even distribution of the gas and entrained solids into the bed and to effect fluidization of the bed. In a preferred embodiment, the total cross-sectional area of the tubes in the tube bundle is at least 90 percent of the cross-sectional area of the inlet conduit so that the gas velocity is sufficient to maintain the solids entrained in the gas, and the upper section of the unit above the fluidized bed converges so that gas velocity is sufficient to maintain solids entrained in the gas being removed from the unit.

Abstract: Flocculent furnace carbon black is produced by contacting a feed hydrocarbon with hot combustion gases to pyrolyze the feed hydrocarbon. The hot combustion products produced by pyrolyzing include flocculent carbon black suspended in gases and are quenched to form a cooled effluent. The effluent is subjected to separation to separate the flocculent carbon black from the gases. The combustion products are cooled by quenching in a manner to maintain a photelometer value of the flocculent carbon black in predetermined range such that when the separated flocculent carbon black is subsequently pelleted a minimum loss of modulus results in the rubber into which the pelleted carbon black is compounded. The flocculent carbon black is pelleted under prescribed pelleting conditions and is dried under prescribed drying conditions to help achieve minimum modulus loss in the end product.

Abstract: Carbon black is produced in a reactor by introducing a carbonaceous feed material into one end of the reactor. One or more streams of hot gases are introduced in a direction generally tangential to the side wall of the precombustion zone of the reactor and in a plane generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the reactor to supply heat to decompose the feed material to produce carbon black. This operation is continued until the pressure drop across the reactor reaches a preselected higher value. Thereafter, the stream or streams of hot gases are introduced tangentially to the side wall of the precombustion zone but with each stream being in a respective plane at an angle less than 90.degree. to the longitudinal axis of the reactor and in a downstream direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the reactor so as to reduce the pressure drop to a lower value.

Abstract: A carbon black process is disclosed wherein at least a portion of the hydrocarbon feed is axially introduced into a longitudinal reactor, a portion of the hot combustion gases is introduced tangentially into said reactor so that it forms a vortex of hot combustion gases around the hydrocarbon feed and a gas is introduced into the reactor in a mainly radial direction. A reactor for carrying out this process is also disclosed.