Abstract: Operational n-state digital circuits and n-state switching operations with n and integer greater than 2 execute Finite Lab-transformed (FLT) n-state switching functions to process n-state signals provided on at least 2 inputs to generate an n-state signal on an output. The FLT is an enhancement of a computer architecture. Cryptographic apparatus and methods apply circuits that are characterized by FLT-ed addition and/or multiplication over finite field GF(n) or by addition and/or multiplication modulo-n that are modified in accordance with reversible n-state inverters, and are no longer known operations. Cryptographic methods processed on FLT modified machine instructions include encryption/decryption, public key generation, and digital signature methods including Post-Quantum methods. They include modification of isogeny based, NTRU based and McEliece based cryptographic machines.

Abstract: Digital n-state switching devices are characterized by n-state switching tables with n greater than 4. N-state switching tables are transformed by a Finite Lab-transform (FLT) into an FLTed n-state switching table. Memory devices, processors and combinational circuits with inputs and an output are characterized by an FLTed n-state switching table and perform switching operations between physical states in accordance with an FLTed n-state switching table. The devices characterized by FLTed n-state switching tables are applied in cryptographic devices. The cryptographic devices perform standard cryptographic operations or methods that are modified in accordance with an FLT. One or more standard cryptographic methods are specified in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publications. Security is improved by at least a factor n2.

Abstract: Active areas of image sensors are determined by one or more parameters defining a mergeline or memory addresses where image data is stored. Image data generated by active areas of different image sensors are combined to create a panoramic image. Image distortion is detected in image data generated by an active area of an image sensor. Distortion in image data is addressed by configured image processing instructions. A group of one or more processors is assigned to at least each image sensor. At least one set of instructions assures that image data generated by different image sensors creates a combined image of a video with a substantially seamless transition between areas. Curved image sensors limit distortion. Cameras are fixedly held in a calibrated body.

Abstract: Active areas of image sensors are determined by one or more parameters defining a mergeline or memory addresses where image data is stored. Image data generated by active areas of different image sensors are combined to create a panoramic image. Image distortion is detected in image data generated by an active area of an image sensor. Distortion in image data is addressed by configured image processing instructions. A dedicated image processor is assigned to at least each image sensor. At least one set of instructions assures that connecting image data generated by different image sensors is smoothed and/or blended to create a combined image with a substantially seamless transition between areas.

Abstract: Operational n-state digital gates execute Finite Lab-transformed (FLT) n-state switching functions or n-state switching function tables to process n-state signals provided on at least 2 inputs to generate an n-state signal on an output, with n>2, n>3 and n>64. The FLT is an enhancement of a computer architecture. Cryptographic apparatus and methods apply circuits that are characterized by FLT-ed addition and multiplication over finite field GF(n) or by addition and multiplication modulo-n that are modified in accordance with reversible n-state inverters, and are no longer characterized by known operations. Known cryptographic methods executed with novel n-state digital gates include encryption/decryption, public key generation, message digest and Elliptic Curve Cryptography wherein one n-state switching function is replaced by an FLT'ed n-state switching function.

Abstract: A search contour, defining at least a two-dimensional geographic area is displayed on a portable, wireless and mobile computing device with a camera and a screen which may be a smartphone and which has positional and orientation devices. The camera is positioned in a direction of the search contour and the search contour is activated. The mobile computing device queries a geographic database that is searchable on geographic coordinates for a presence of one or more objects with geographic coordinates located within the search contour. An object within the one or more objects is selected and information, including an image, of the selected object is displayed on the screen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to create and display screen stereoscopic and panoramic images are disclosed. Methods and apparatus are provided to generate multiple images that are combined into a stereoscopic or a panoramic image. An image may be a static image. It may also be a video image. A controller provides correct camera settings for different conditions. A focus sensor is included and determines a focus setting of one lens/sensor unit having a plurality of focus settings. Focus settings of other lens/sensor units are associated with the focus settings determined for the one lens/sensor unit. A focus mechanism controlled by the controller sets the focus settings of the plurality of lens/sensor units based on the focus setting of the one lens/sensor unit determined by the focus sensor.

Abstract: A first and a second device both have access to a series of data representing configurations of hash functions. The first device selects a first configuration and implements a hashing function from the selected configuration. A hash value is generated and transmitted to the second device. The second device has hashing configurations stored on a memory. A processor in the second device selects the first hashing configuration to implement the hash function from the first configuration and generates a hash value. The hash values generated on the first device and generated on the second device are compared to determine an action. The first configuration is disabled and a new configuration is retrieved. At least 4 and more preferably at least 5 different n-state functions with n>2 are used in a hash function.

Abstract: Active areas of image sensors are determined by establishing a mergeline on a sensor map. Image data generated by active areas of image sensors are used to determine a seam or mergeline to create a panoramic image. The mergeline on a sensor map is implemented as an active image sensor area of addressable image sensor elements. An optimal mergeline is determined. Image sensor elements of the active sensor area of at least two image sensors are read and the read image data is stored on a memory preferably as contiguous data representing a panoramic image prior to demosaicing and displayed in real-time or close to real-time on a display. At least two image sensors in a multi-camera body are rotationally aligned with an alignment error that is smaller than 0.5 degrees.

Abstract: N-state switching tables are transformed by a Lab-transform into a Lab-transformed n-state switching table. Memory devices, processors and combinational circuits with inputs and an output are characterized by the Lab-transformed n-state switching table and perform switching operations between physical states in accordance with a Lab-transformed n-state switching table. The devices characterized by Lab-transformed n-state switching tables are applied in cryptographic devices. The cryptographic devices perform standard cryptographic operations that are modified in accordance with a Lab-transform.

Abstract: A system includes a first device to select and transmit a first code by a transmitter to a remote device; the remote device implements a sequence detector based on the first code; the transmitter in the first device generates a first sequence based on the first code; the sequence detector in the remote device detects the first sequence and activates the mechanism based on the detection; the first device may be a smartphone or a smart watch.

Abstract: A distance substantially between a camera and an object is measured preferably with a rangefinder. Positional coordinates including an altitude of the camera are determined. A pose including pitch and azimuth of the camera directed at the object is determined from sensors. Positional coordinates of the object are determined using at least the positional coordinates of the camera, the pose of the camera and the distance substantially between the camera and the object which are used to determine a location volume. A database is searched for objects located at least partially inside the location volume. The camera is part of a computing device with a screen. Search results are listed on the screen and an outline of a hidden object in the location volume is drawn on the screen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to create and display screen stereoscopic and panoramic images are disclosed. Methods and apparatus are provided to generate multiple images that are combined into a stereoscopic or a panoramic image. An image may be a static image. It may also be a video image. A controller provides correct camera settings for different conditions. An image processor creates a stereoscopic or a panoramic image from the correct settings provided by the controller. A plurality of lens/sensor units is placed on a carrier. Lens/sensor units are rotationally aligned. A controller rotationally aligns images of lens/sensor units that are rotationally misaligned.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to create and display screen stereoscopic and panoramic images are disclosed. Methods and apparatus are provided to generate multiple images that are combined into a stereoscopic or a panoramic image. An image may be a static image. It may also be a video image. A controller provides correct camera settings for different conditions. An image processor creates a stereoscopic or a panoramic image from the correct settings provided by the controller. A plurality of lens/sensor units is placed on a carrier. Lens/sensor units are rotationally aligned. A controller rotationally aligns images of lens/sensor units that are rotationally misaligned.

Abstract: A sequence generator implemented on a processor that generates a sequence of signals applies a feedback shift register with feedback. A feedback loop connects at least a first and a second shift register element to last shift register element to a first shift register element of the shift register and includes at least one two-input n-state switching functions that is characterized by non-associative switching functions or switching tables. The sequence generator may be part of a scrambler, an autonomous sequence generator, a hash code generator, a communication device, and a data storage device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to create and display screen stereoscopic and panoramic images are disclosed. Methods and apparatus are provided to generate multiple images that are combined into a stereoscopic or a panoramic image. An image may be a static image. It may also be a video image. A controller provides correct camera settings for different conditions. An image processor creates a stereoscopic or a panoramic image from the correct settings provided by the controller. A plurality of lens/sensor units is placed on a carrier. Lens/sensor units are rotationally aligned. A controller rotationally aligns images of lens/sensor units that are rotationally misaligned.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to create and display screen stereoscopic and panoramic images are disclosed. Methods and apparatus are provided to generate multiple images that are combined into a stereoscopic or a panoramic image. An image may be a static image. It may also be a video image. A controller provides correct camera settings for different conditions. An image processor creates a stereoscopic or a panoramic image from the correct settings provided by the controller. A plurality of lens/sensor units is placed on a carrier. Lens/sensor units are rotationally aligned. A controller rotationally aligns images of lens/sensor units that are rotationally misaligned.

Abstract: A distance substantially between a camera and an object is measured preferably with a rangefinder. Positional coordinates including an altitude of the camera are determined. A pose including pitch and azimuth of the camera directed at the object is determined from sensors. Positional coordinates of the object are determined using at least the positional coordinates of the camera, the pose of the camera and the distance substantially between the camera and the object which are used to determine a location volume. A database is searched for objects located at least partially inside the location volume. The camera is part of a computing device with a screen. Search results are listed on the screen and an outline of a hidden object in the location volume is drawn on the screen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus track an object with a first camera causing a second camera to also track the object. The object is a moving object. Geospatial coordinates, including an elevation or altitude of a camera are determined on the camera. A pose of the camera, including a pitch angle and an azimuth angle are also determined. Azimuth is determined by a digital compass. A camera pose including pitch is determined by accelerometers and/or gyroscopes. Cameras are communicatively connected allowing to display an image recorded by one camera being displayed on a second camera. At least one camera is on a movable platform with actuators. Actuators are controlled to minimize a difference between a first image of the object and a second image of the object. Cameras are part of a wearable headframe.

Abstract: A system includes a first device to select and transmit a first code by a transmitter to a remote device; the remote device implements a sequence detector based on the first code; the transmitter in the first device generates a first sequence based on the first code; the sequence detector in the remote device detects the first sequence and activates the mechanism based on the detection; the first device may be a smartphone or a smart watch.