Abstract: A system includes a first device to select and transmit a first code from a plurality of codes by a transmitter to a remote device controlling access. The remote device implements a switching device based on the received first code and generates a local sequence of data. The first device generates and transmits to the remote device a first sequence of signals based on the first code; the remote device processes the first sequence of signals and activates the mechanism based on the first sequence of signals and the local sequence of data. An n-state switching function with n=2{circumflex over (?)}k commutative involution is used in the switching device, the n-state commutative involution is not based on a XORing of 2 words of 2 bits with n and k being integers greater than 2. The first device may be a smartphone, a fob, an access card, or any other computing device.

Abstract: Data is processed by cryptographic operations selected from encryption, decryption, hashing, and public key exchange (PKI). Data elements are processed as n-state data elements with n an integer at least greater than 2 based on an n-state reversible n-state inverter. The n-state reversible inverter is a self-propagating n-state inverter generating different other n-state reversible inverters. The n-state reversible inverter is derived from a sequence of n n-state data elements with at least a first n-state data element occurring at least twice in different positions in the sequence and a second n-state data element not occurring. The n-state reversible inverter is created from the sequence of n-state data elements. A sequence of n n-state elements is created from a set of k n-state elements with k smaller than n. The k n-state elements are provided by a public key exchange or PKI method.

Abstract: A camera system has at least a first and a second camera each with an image sensor. Active areas of the image sensors of the first and second camera are determined and define an extended image space of a real-time panoramic video. A bounding box captures a fixed position in space or an object is set. The bounding box moves through extended image space. Image data determined only by the bounding box is harvested from camera image sensors and displayed within a window on a screen in real-time. Scan-line control of images sensors based on the bounding box is updated in real-time to form an e-gimbal. Steps of the e-gimbal are performed by a machine learning inference phase on a processor.

Abstract: Data is processed by cryptographic operations selected from encryption, decryption, hashing, and public key exchange (PKI). Data elements are processed as n-state data elements with n an integer at least greater than 3 based on an n-state reversible n-state inverter. The n-state reversible inverter is a self-propagating n-state inverter generating different other n-state reversible inverters. The n-state reversible inverter is derived from a sequence of n n-state data elements with at least a first n-state data element occurring at least twice in different positions in the sequence and a second n-state data element not occurring. The n-state reversible inverter is created from the sequence of n-state data elements. A sequence of n n-state elements is created from a set of k n-state elements with k smaller than n. The k n-state elements are provided by a public key exchange method.

Abstract: Circuits defined by n-state switching tables with n>2 are transformed by at least one n-state inverter which may be a Finite Lab-transform (FLT) into a Finite Lab-transformed (FLTed) n-state switching devices. Computer operations defined by transformed or modified n-state switching tables are applied in cryptographic operations, including one or more message digests or hashing methods or computer one-way functions. A keyword is generated from a public keyword by at least one modified known hashing method. A known hashing method may be selected from the group consisting of SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3, MD5, MD6, Blake2, Blake3 and CubeHash. Internal states of known hashing methods are modified to generate unpredictable hash values.

Abstract: A camera system has at least a first and a second camera which are attached to a common platform, each camera having a lens and an image sensor. Active areas of the image sensors of the first and second camera are determined. Image data only gathered from active areas of image sensors establish a panoramic image, which may be called an extended image space. Position sensors allow a processor to determine a location and a pose of the camera system. Coordinates of the extended image space are associated with a position of an object in physical space relative to a pointing direction of the camera system. A screen displays image data of a window of preset size around the image of the object in extended image space. A neural network is used to train the camera system to predict a position of an object based on camera rotations.

Abstract: A cryptographic computer processes a word of p bits in an electronic message as a set of k n-state elements with n an integer greater than 2 and 2{circumflex over (?)}p>n and k>1, with the p bits being characterized as a word of k n-state elements. The computer processes two words of k n-state elements as an radix-n operation that includes a 2 operand reversible n-state operation of which an output is a residue and a 2 operand n-state transition function of which an output is an n-state transition element. An output of the radix-n operation is a word of k n-state elements. The radix-n operation is preferably not reversible and is part of an operation that generates a cryptographic message. A standard cryptographic operation is modified by applying the radix-n operation. The cryptographic message is transmitted over a physical channel.

Abstract: A camera system contains 3 or more identical cameras fixedly attached to a common platform and positioned in a manner with images of a pair of 2 cameras having overlap and defining an area of an image sensor that generates no overlap image data, called an active image sensor area. Image data generated by active image sensor areas being combined to an extended image space. Displaying a real-time panoramic video image based on the extended image space. Image data of a camera is undistorted by image calibration with a trained neural network. Determining active areas of image sensors with a convolutional neural network and reinforcement learning. Deriving an image window in the extended image space as an e-gimbal. Incorporating the cameras system in a portable and mobile housing.

Abstract: A camera system has at least a first and a second camera which are attached to a common platform, each camera having a lens and an image sensor. Active areas of the image sensors of the first and second camera are determined. Image data only gathered from active areas of image sensors establish a panoramic image, which may be called an extended image space. Position sensors allow a processor to determine a location and a pose of the camera system. Coordinates of the extended image space are associated with a position of an object in physical space relative to a pointing direction of the camera system. A screen displays image data of a window of preset size around the image of the object in extended image space. A neural network is used to train the camera system to predict a position of an object based on camera rotations.

Abstract: Operational n-state digital circuits and n-state switching operations with n and integer greater than 2 execute Finite Lab-transformed (FLT) n-state switching functions to process n-state signals provided on at least 2 inputs to generate an n-state signal on an output. The FLT is an enhancement of a computer architecture. Cryptographic apparatus and methods apply circuits that are characterized by FLT-ed addition and/or multiplication over finite field GF(n) or by addition and/or multiplication modulo-n that are modified in accordance with reversible n-state inverters, and are no longer known operations. Cryptographic methods processed on FLT modified machine instructions include encryption/decryption, public key generation, and digital signature methods including Post-Quantum methods. They include modification of isogeny based, NTRU based and McEliece based cryptographic machines.

Abstract: Active areas of image sensors are determined by one or more parameters defining a mergeline or memory addresses where image data is stored. Image data generated by active areas of different image sensors are combined to create a panoramic image. Image distortion is detected in image data generated by an active area of an image sensor. Distortion in image data is addressed by configured image processing instructions. A group of one or more processors is assigned to at least each image sensor. At least one set of instructions assures that image data generated by different image sensors creates a combined image of a video with a substantially seamless transition between areas. Curved image sensors limit distortion. Cameras are fixedly held in a calibrated body.

Abstract: A system includes a first device to select and transmit a first code from a plurality of codes by a transmitter to a remote device controlling access. The remote device implements a switching device based on the received first code and generates a local sequence of data. The first device generates and transmits to the remote device a first sequence of signals based on the first code; the remote device processes the first sequence of signals and activates the mechanism based on the first sequence of signals and the local sequence of data. An n-state switching function with n=2{circumflex over (?)}k commutative involution is used in the switching device, the n-state commutative involution is not based on a XORing of 2 words of 2 bits with n and k being integers greater than 2. The first device may be a smartphone, a fob, an access card, or any other computing device.

Abstract: A system includes a first device to select and transmit a first code by a transmitter to a remote device controlling a mechanism or access to a database or a computing device. The remote device implements a switching device based on the first code; the transmitter in the first device generates a first sequence of signals based on the first code; the switching device in the remote device processes the first sequence of signals and activates the mechanism based on the processing of the first sequence of signals. The first device may be a smartphone, a fob, an access card, or any other computing device.

Abstract: Operational n-state digital circuits and n-state switching operations with n and integer greater than 2 execute Finite Lab-transformed (FLT) n-state switching functions to process n-state signals provided on at least 2 inputs to generate an n-state signal on an output. The FLT is an enhancement of a computer architecture. Cryptographic apparatus and methods apply circuits that are characterized by FLT-ed addition and/or multiplication over finite field GF(n) or by addition and/or multiplication modulo-n that are modified in accordance with reversible n-state inverters, and are no longer known operations. Cryptographic methods processed on FLT modified machine instructions include encryption/decryption, public key generation, and digital signature methods including Post-Quantum methods. They include modification of isogeny based, NTRU based and McEliece based cryptographic machines.

Abstract: Digital n-state switching devices are characterized by n-state switching tables with n greater than 4. N-state switching tables are transformed by a Finite Lab-transform (FLT) into an FLTed n-state switching table. Memory devices, processors and combinational circuits with inputs and an output are characterized by an FLTed n-state switching table and perform switching operations between physical states in accordance with an FLTed n-state switching table. The devices characterized by FLTed n-state switching tables are applied in cryptographic devices. The cryptographic devices perform standard cryptographic operations or methods that are modified in accordance with an FLT. One or more standard cryptographic methods are specified in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publications. Security is improved by at least a factor n2.

Abstract: Active areas of image sensors are determined by one or more parameters defining a mergeline or memory addresses where image data is stored. Image data generated by active areas of different image sensors are combined to create a panoramic image. Image distortion is detected in image data generated by an active area of an image sensor. Distortion in image data is addressed by configured image processing instructions. A group of one or more processors is assigned to at least each image sensor. At least one set of instructions assures that image data generated by different image sensors creates a combined image of a video with a substantially seamless transition between areas. Curved image sensors limit distortion. Cameras are fixedly held in a calibrated body.

Abstract: Active areas of image sensors are determined by one or more parameters defining a mergeline or memory addresses where image data is stored. Image data generated by active areas of different image sensors are combined to create a panoramic image. Image distortion is detected in image data generated by an active area of an image sensor. Distortion in image data is addressed by configured image processing instructions. A dedicated image processor is assigned to at least each image sensor. At least one set of instructions assures that connecting image data generated by different image sensors is smoothed and/or blended to create a combined image with a substantially seamless transition between areas.

Abstract: Operational n-state digital gates execute Finite Lab-transformed (FLT) n-state switching functions or n-state switching function tables to process n-state signals provided on at least 2 inputs to generate an n-state signal on an output, with n>2, n>3 and n>64. The FLT is an enhancement of a computer architecture. Cryptographic apparatus and methods apply circuits that are characterized by FLT-ed addition and multiplication over finite field GF(n) or by addition and multiplication modulo-n that are modified in accordance with reversible n-state inverters, and are no longer characterized by known operations. Known cryptographic methods executed with novel n-state digital gates include encryption/decryption, public key generation, message digest and Elliptic Curve Cryptography wherein one n-state switching function is replaced by an FLT'ed n-state switching function.

Abstract: A search contour, defining at least a two-dimensional geographic area is displayed on a portable, wireless and mobile computing device with a camera and a screen which may be a smartphone and which has positional and orientation devices. The camera is positioned in a direction of the search contour and the search contour is activated. The mobile computing device queries a geographic database that is searchable on geographic coordinates for a presence of one or more objects with geographic coordinates located within the search contour. An object within the one or more objects is selected and information, including an image, of the selected object is displayed on the screen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to create and display screen stereoscopic and panoramic images are disclosed. Methods and apparatus are provided to generate multiple images that are combined into a stereoscopic or a panoramic image. An image may be a static image. It may also be a video image. A controller provides correct camera settings for different conditions. A focus sensor is included and determines a focus setting of one lens/sensor unit having a plurality of focus settings. Focus settings of other lens/sensor units are associated with the focus settings determined for the one lens/sensor unit. A focus mechanism controlled by the controller sets the focus settings of the plurality of lens/sensor units based on the focus setting of the one lens/sensor unit determined by the focus sensor.