Abstract: A method for establishing the refraction of an eye (9) by means of a refractometer (3) is provided, in which the current visual axis (S) of the eye (9) is established before establishing the refraction, the refractometer (3) is aligned with respect to the visual axis (S) of the eye (9) and the refraction is established after the alignment. The visual axis (S) of the eye (9) is established on the basis of the position of a Purkinje image of at least one light source (41, 50) used to illuminate the eye and a relationship between the position of the Purkinje image and the visual axis (S).

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) has a viewing beam path for main viewing and a secondary beam path (106) for viewing by another person. The surgical microscope (100) has a microscope main objective (101) through which the viewing beam path for main viewing and the viewing beam path (106) for secondary viewing pass. The surgical microscope (100) includes an OCT-system (120) for examining an object region. The OCT-system (120) includes an OCT-scanning beam (123) which is guided through the microscope main objective (101). In the viewing beam path (106) for secondary viewing, an in-coupling element (150) is provided to couple the OCT-scanning beam (123) into the viewing beam path (106) for secondary viewing and to guide the same through the microscope main objective (101) to the object region (108).

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining an illumination beam dose in surgical field illumination. Said method comprises the following steps: at least one actual illumination-relevant value is sensed; and an illumination beam dose is calculated from said sensed actual value. Sensing of the actual illumination-relevant value includes sensing of a value of at least one adjustable parameter of an illumination device. Furthermore, simulated dose characteristics associated with the adjustable parameter are selected, at least one simulated dose value is calculated taking into account the value of the adjustable parameter and the associated simulated dose characteristics, and the illumination beam dose is calculated taking into account the at least one simulated dose value. Also disclosed are an apparatus, a computer program product, and a surgical microscope for carrying out said method.

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) has an illuminating arrangement (110) which can guide illuminating light to the object region (105) with a first illuminating beam path (111) and with a second illuminating beam path (112). A light exit unit is provided in the first illuminating beam path (111). An illuminating field diaphragm is mounted in the second illuminating beam path. The first illuminating beam path (111) has an illuminating optic which images the light exit plane of the light exit unit or a plane conjugated to the light exit plane into a first image plane (350). An illuminating optic is provided in the second illuminating beam path (112) and this illuminating optic images the illuminating field diaphragm into a second image plane (250) different from the first image plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surgical microscope (1) having a microscope main objective (12) for the visualization of an object plane (45) in an object region (9). The microscope main objective (12) is passed through by a first stereoscopic component beam path (5) and by a second stereoscopic component beam path (7). The ophthalmologic surgical microscope (1) includes an adjustable illuminating arrangement (15) which makes illuminating light available. The illuminating arrangement (15) has an illuminating optic having a beam deflecting unit (19) which is mounted on the side of the microscope main objective (12) facing away from the object region (9) in order to direct the illuminating light through the microscope main objective (12) to the object region (9).

Abstract: Disclosed are an illumination device for an observation device comprising one, two or more observation beam paths with one respective beam of observation rays, especially for an ophthalmologic surgical microscope, and a corresponding observation device. Said illumination device is provided with at least one light source for generating at least one beam of observation rays in order to illuminate an object that is to be observed. According to one embodiment of the invention, at least two partial bundles of illumination rays are provided, each of which extends coaxial to a corresponding beam of observation rays, while the partial beams of illumination rays are embodied so as to form two or several illumination spots on the fundus of an object that is to be observed, e.g.

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) has an illuminating module (120). The illuminating module contains an illuminating optic which images a field diaphragm (124) to a parallel illuminating beam path at infinity. The field diaphragm (124) is illuminated by a light source. The illuminating optic includes a first lens assembly and a second lens assembly which functions to image the field diaphragm (124) into the object region (108) via the microscope main objective (101) of the surgical microscope (100). An in-coupling element (128) is provided between the first lens assembly (125) and the second lens assembly (126) and this in-coupling element couples the OCT-scanning beam into the illuminating beam.

Abstract: An illuminating system (21) is provided for an optical viewing apparatus (1) which can be operated in a fluorescence mode. The illuminating system includes at least one broadband light source (31) for illuminating a viewed object (3) and at least one narrowband light source (37) for exciting fluorescence in the viewed object (3) and/or for background illumination in the fluorescence mode. The illuminating system further includes a light conductor (23) having a light source end inlet end (49) and an outlet end (25) facing toward the viewed object. Furthermore, the illuminating system (21, 210) includes a superposer (43) for superposing the light of the narrowband light source (37) with the light of the broadband light source (31). The superposer (43) is mounted at the inlet end (49) or at the light source side ahead of the inlet end (49) of the light conductor (23).

Abstract: An ophthalmic surgical microscope (100) has a microscope main objective (101) and a viewing beam path (105) which passes through the microscope main objective (101) for visualizing an object region. The ophthalmic surgical microscope (100) includes an OCT-system (140) for recording images of the object region (108). The OCT-system (140) includes an OCT-scanning beam (142) which is guided via a scan mirror arrangement (146) to the object region (108). An optic element (147) is provided between the scan mirror arrangement (146) and the microscope main objective (101). This optic element (147) bundles the OCT-scanning radiation exiting from the scan mirror arrangement (146) and transfers the same into a beam path which passes through the microscope main objective (101). Alternatively or in addition, the ophthalmic surgical microscope (100) includes an opthalmoscopic magnifier lens (132) which can be pivoted into and out of the viewing beam path (105) and the OCT-scanning beam (142).

Abstract: An illumination device (10) is described for an observation device (100) having one, two or more observation beam paths (16, 17), each with at least one observation beam bundle, particularly for an operating microscope, the illumination device having at least one light source (11, 12) for producing at least one illumination beam path (14, 15) with at least one illumination beam bundle for illuminating an object to be observed, in particular, an eye to be observed, the illumination device (10) having at least one illumination optics unit, which has a collector (18, 22), and the at least one illumination beam path (14, 15) or the at least one illumination beam bundle running coaxially to an observation beam path (16, 17) or observation beam bundle.

Abstract: A light source arrangement (101) for an illumination device of a medical-optical observation apparatus has an illumination light source (7) and an illumination optical unit (15) for illuminating an observation object (23) with illumination light from the illumination light source (7). The light source arrangement (101) has at least one luminescence emitter (3) as light source and an imaging optical unit (105) that generates an image (7) of the at least one luminescence emitter (3) with a defined magnification scale, which image forms the illumination light source for the illumination device.

Abstract: A surgical microscopy system having an illumination system is provided. The illumination system comprises a xenon gas discharge lamp and a spectral filter which is optionally positionable into an illumination beam path of the surgical microscopy system and removable from the same. The spectral filter substantially exhibits, in a wavelength range between 400 nm and 700 nm, a transmission increasing from about 0.12 to 1 having a gradient between 0.025/nm and 0.0035/nm, in particular 0.00293/nm. Thus, the illumination system is enabled to provide light having two different spectral characteristics which is advantageous in particular for imaging structures in the human eye scattering to a different degree.

Abstract: An ophthalmic surgical microscope (100) has a microscope main objective (101) and a viewing beam path (105) which passes through the microscope main objective (101) for visualizing an object region. The ophthalmic surgical microscope (100) includes an OCT-system (140) for recording images of the object region (108). The OCT-system (140) includes an OCT-scanning beam (142) which is guided via a scan mirror arrangement (146) to the object region (108). An optic element (147) is provided between the scan mirror arrangement (146) and the microscope main objective (101). This optic element (147) bundles the OCT-scanning radiation exiting from the scan mirror arrangement (146) and transfers the same into a beam path which passes through the microscope main objective (101). Alternatively or in addition, the ophthalmic surgical microscope (100) includes an opthalmoscopic magnifier lens (132) which can be pivoted into and out of the viewing beam path (105) and the OCT-scanning beam (142).

Abstract: An optical observation unit (1) has an illumination apparatus (43) for illuminating an observation object (3). The illumination apparatus (43, 143) has a light source (45) emitting illumination light with a first color temperature, and a spectral filter (49) that can be inserted in the illumination beam path. The spectral filter (49) converts the illumination light with the first color temperature into illumination light with a second color temperature. The illumination apparatus further has an attenuator (51) that can be inserted in the illumination beam path in place of the spectral filter (49) and has a transmission characteristic that leads to an intensity reduction of the illumination light with the first color temperature that corresponds to the intensity reduction of the illumination light with the second color temperature by way of the spectral filter (49).

Abstract: A surgical microscope (100) has viewing beams (109a, 109b) passing through a microscope imaging optic which includes a microscope main objective system (101) having a magnification system of variable magnification. The microscope imaging optic transposes a convergent viewing beam (109a, 109b) from the object region (114) into a parallel beam. The surgical microscope includes an OCT-system (120) for examining the object region (114). The OCT-system (120) makes available an OCT-scanning beam (190) which is guided through the microscope imaging optic.

Abstract: A cataract surgery microscopy system is provided which comprises a microscopy optics for producing an image of an object plane of the microscopy optics and a pattern generator for generating a pattern superimposed on the image, said pattern generator being provided to generate a circular pattern having an adjustable diameter.

Abstract: An aperture stop device is provided for use in a microscope with at least one adjustable observation parameter. The aperture stop device includes at least one aperture stop (50a, 50b) with an adjustable aperture, that is to say with an adjustable stop opening. The aperture stop (50a, 50b) is adapted to receive an aperture signal representative of an aperture to be adjusted. In addition the aperture stop device includes a control unit (52) for output of the aperture signal to the aperture stop (50a, 50b) in dependence at least on the respectively set value of the observation parameter of the microscope.

Abstract: First of all, the present invention relates to a light trap (20) for eliminating or preventing stray light, e.g., in the form of scattered light. In addition, the invention relates to a device (10) for coupling a first beam path (34) to a second beam path (42)*. Finally, the invention also relates to an illumination device (30) for an optical observation device as well as an optical observation device. In order to be able to further improve the elimination of disruptive stray light in the form of scattered light, light trap (20) is configured in a special way. It has a filter element (21), particularly a neutral filter element, which is characterized in that incident light face (22) of filter element (21) has a concave radius, whereby incident light face (22) has a specific curvature. * sic; second beam path (41)?—Trans.

Abstract: A process for preparing biodiesel having improved filterability characteristics including inducing transesterification of a triglyceride feedstock with cavitation to form an intermediate reaction product. Glycerol by product is separated from the intermediate reaction product before finishing the transesterification reaction in a pressurized reaction tank to yield a biodiesel reaction product. The biodiesel reaction product can be further purified by removing glycerol.

Abstract: A lighting device (40) is described for an observation device (10), in particular for an ophthalmologic operating microscope, as well as such an observation device (10). The lighting device (40) has a light source (41) as well as a number of optical components, which are provided between light source (41) and an objective element (11). The optical components are designed according to the invention in such a way that the imaging of the lighting pupil (43) and the observation pupils is produced on the fundus of the eye (30). In this way, an exactly defined interaction of the lighting beam path (56) with an observation beam path is made possible, whereby practical requirements can be fulfilled relative to the homogeneity of the red reflex with simultaneous sufficiently good contrasting.