Abstract: This invention relates to a method of hydrolyzing glycerol fatty acid ester-containing composition, such as a fat and/or an oil, to produce fatty acids having a low proportion of trans-isomer fatty acids. Specifically, the present invention relates to a process for the hydrolyzing the glycerol fatty acid ester-containing compositions under conditions resulting in a low proportion of trans-isomer fatty acids.

Abstract: A microscope arrangement (200) is for viewing an object or an intermediate image, which is generated by an object, especially in microsurgery. The microscope arrangement (200) includes an objective arrangement (201) having an object plane (206) for arranging the object or intermediate image (207) to be viewed. The microscope arrangement has a focus offset adjusting unit (260) which outputs a focusing offset signal in order to defocus in a defined manner the objective arrangement relative to a focusing state.

Abstract: An apparatus 115 for processing a substrate 20, comprises an integrated pumping system 155 having a high operating efficiency, small size, and low vibrational and noise levels. The apparatus 115 comprises a chamber, such as a load-lock chamber 110, transfer chamber 115, or process chamber 120. An integrated and local pump 165 is abutting or adjacent to one of the chambers 110, 115, 120 for evacuating gas from the chambers. The pump has an inlet 170 connected to a chamber 110, 115, 120, and an outlet 175 that exhausts the gas to atmospheric pressure. Preferably, the pump 165 comprises a pre-vacuum pump or a low vacuum pump.

Abstract: An aperture stop device is provided for use in a microscope with at least one adjustable observation parameter. The aperture stop device includes at least one aperture stop (50a, 50b) with an adjustable aperture, that is to say with an adjustable stop opening. The aperture stop (50a, 50b) is adapted to receive an aperture signal representative of an aperture to be adjusted. In addition the aperture stop device includes a control unit (52) for output of the aperture signal to the aperture stop (50a, 50b) in dependence at least on the respectively set value of the observation parameter of the microscope.

Abstract: A lighting device (40) is described for an observation device (10), in particular for an ophthalmologic operating microscope, as well as such an observation device (10). The lighting device (40) has a light source (41) as well as a number of optical components, which are provided between light source (41) and an objective element (11). The optical components are designed according to the invention in such a way that the imaging of the lighting pupil (43) and the observation pupils is produced on the fundus of the eye (30). In this way, an exactly defined interaction of the lighting beam path (56) with an observation beam path is made possible, whereby practical requirements can be fulfilled relative to the homogeneity of the red reflex with simultaneous sufficiently good contrasting.

Abstract: A surgical microscope (1) for ophthalmology includes a tube unit (4) which permits viewing an area (5) of surgery, especially a forward section of the eye, through a microscope main objective (2). The surgical microscope (1) includes an illuminating system (10) which makes available the illuminating light to illuminate the surgical area (5), especially the forward section of the eye. To provide daylight-like illuminating light, the illuminating system includes a xenon illuminating light source (11) or a metal halogen illuminating light source. At least one interference filter (22, 23) is provided in the illuminating beam path (15a). The cutoff frequency of the interference filter lies such that illuminating light in the ultraviolet range is filtered out and illuminating light in the visible wavelength range is attenuated, if at all, to an insignificant extent in order to reduce the phototoxicity of the illuminating light for the human eye.

Abstract: An apparatus 115 for processing a substrate 20, comprises an integrated pumping system 155 having a high operating efficiency, small size, and low vibrational and noise levels. The apparatus 115 comprises a chamber, such as a load-lock chamber 110, transfer chamber 115, or process chamber 120. An integrated pump 165 is abutting or adjacent to one of the chambers 110, 115, 120 for evacuating gas from the chambers. In operation, the pump is located within the actual envelope or footprint of the apparatus and has an inlet 170 connected to a chamber 110, 115, 120, and an outlet 175 that exhausts the gas to atmospheric pressure. Preferably, the integrated pump 165 comprises a pre-vacuum pump or a low vacuum pump and is housed in a noise reducing enclosure having means for moving the pump between locations and means for stacking pumps vertically in use.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of hydrolyzing glycerol fatty acid ester-containing composition, such as a fat and/or an oil, to produce fatty acids having a low proportion of trans-isomer fatty acids. Specifically, the present invention relates to a process for the hydrolyzing the glycerol fatty acid ester-containing compositions under conditions resulting in a low proportion of trans-isomer fatty acids.

Abstract: A microscopy system for eye surgery with an objective lens is suggested, which provides a retroillumination system to generate a so-called red reflex illumination during an eye-surgical treatment, in particular during a cataract operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring a substrate is provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus for transferring a substrate includes at least one end effector. A disk is rotatably coupled to the end effector. The disk is adapted to rotate the substrate relative to the end effector. The end effector may additionally include a sensor coupled thereto. The sensor is adapted to detect an indicia of orientation of the substrate supported by the end effector. In another embodiment, a method for transferring a substrate includes rotating the substrate disposed on an end effector and detecting an indicia of orientation of the substrate.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a substrate and a method for positioning a substrate include a substrate support, a stator circumscribing the substrate support, and an actuator. The actuator is coupled to the stator and adapted to change the elevation of the stator and/or adjust an angular orientation of the stator relative to its central axis. As the substrate support is magnetically coupled to the stator, a position, i.e., elevation and angular orientation, of the substrate support may be controlled.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring a substrate is provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus for transferring a substrate includes at least one end effector. A disk is rotatably coupled to the end effector. The disk is adapted to rotate the substrate relative to the end effector. The end effector may additionally include a sensor coupled thereto. The sensor is adapted to detect an indicia of orientation of the substrate supported by the end effector. In another embodiment, a method for transferring a substrate includes rotating the substrate disposed on an end effector and detecting an indicia of orientation of the substrate.

Abstract: A cataract surgery microscopy system is provided which comprises a microscopy optics for producing an image of an object plane of the microscopy optics and a pattern generator for generating a pattern superimposed on the image, said pattern generator being provided to generate a circular pattern having an adjustable diameter.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for fixing at least one location in an examination field (9) with respect to a coordinate system (13). The method includes determining, in response to a request (65), coordinates of a first location (59) as a first coordinate set (x, y, z) allocated to the first location (59). A first recording and a second recording of topological data (69) in a spatially extended area around the first location (59) in the examination field (9) are obtained. The first and second recordings are compared to determine a displacement (&Dgr;x, &Dgr;y, &Dgr;z) of the first location (59) of the examination field (9) with respect to the coordinate system (13), the coordinates of the first coordinate set (x, y, z) allocated to the first location (59) are changed dependent upon the determined displacement (&Dgr;x, &Dgr;y, &Dgr;z) such that the changed coordinates substantially correspond to the coordinates of the first location (59) in the examination field (9) after the displacement thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing substrate damage in a factory interface. In one embodiment, a method for preventing substrate damage in a factory interface includes the steps of receiving an indicia of potential substrate damage, and automatically preventing substrates from moving out of a substrate storage cassette in response to the received indicia. The indicia may be a seismic warning signal, among others. In another embodiment, a method for preventing substrate damage in a factory interface includes the steps of moving a pod door in a first direction to a position spaced-apart and adjacent a pod, and moving the pod door laterally in a second direction to close the pod. The lateral closing motion of the pod door urges substrates, which may be misaligned in the pod, into a predefined position within the pod.

Abstract: In a fastening device (101) for a child's seat on a vehicle seat, in particular on a motor-vehicle seat, having at least one fastening element (109) which can be moved between an operational position and a parking position and which can be secured in the operational position, an interlocking element (113) is provided which locks the fastening element (109) in the operational position.

Abstract: An apparatus for supporting a substrate and a method for positioning a substrate are provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus for supporting a substrate includes a substrate support, a stator circumscribing the substrate support, and an actuator. The actuator is coupled to the stator and adapted to change the elevation of the stator and/or adjust an angular orientation of the stator relative to its central axis. As the substrate support is magnetically coupled to the stator, a position, i.e., elevation and angular orientation, of the substrate support may be controlled.

Abstract: The invention relates to an image reversion system (500) which enables an image reversion and beam transposition of a plurality of observation beam paths (503a, 503b, 504a and 504b) to be carried out simultaneously. The system includes at least one Porro prism system and is designed in such a way that it can be arranged in a convergent beam path. The inventive system is suitable as an image reversion system in an ancillary module for operational microscopes used in ophthalmoscopy due to the low overall height thereof.

Abstract: Generally, a vacuum pumping system having efficient power usage is provided. In one embodiment, the vacuum pumping system includes a first pump, a check valve and a second pump. The check valve and second pump are coupled in parallel to an exhaust line of the first pump. The first pump and second pump have a ratio of internal volume that is about 20 to about 130. In another embodiment, the vacuum pumping system includes a first pump, a check valve and a second pump. The check valve and second pump are coupled in parallel to an exhaust line of the first pump. The first pump and second pump have a ratio of power consumption that is about 5 to about 20. In yet another embodiment, the first pump and second pump have a ratio of pumping capacity that is about 50 to about 200.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a cartridge consisting of a case and a projectile, characterized in that, once the cartridge is fully manufactured, a capillary active, acrylate-based adhesive sealing agent is applied in a controlled manner to the gap arising in the inner mouth of the case when the projectile is inserted therein, in a sufficient quantity as to guarantee full sealing of said gap.