Abstract: A stereomicroscope of the telescope type includes a first beam path and a second beam path, wherein in the first beam path a first telescope system and in the second beam path a second telescope system are provided, wherein the magnifications of both telescope systems are equal and can be changed synchronously to each other, and wherein a common main objective is allocated to both beam paths. In order to increase the resolution without loss in depth of field, it is proposed that at least one optical element of the first telescope system has, compared to at least one corresponding optical element of the second telescope system, a different optically effective diameter.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope of the Greenough type includes a first monocular microscope and a second monocular microscope, which define a first beam path and a second beam path, respectively, wherein the first and second microscopes are arranged at a convergence angle to one another and comprise magnification systems for producing equal magnifications which can be varied synchronously with one another. At least one optical element in the first microscope has a different optically effective diameter compared to at least one corresponding optical element in the second microscope.

Abstract: A method is specified for comparing two specifications which each comprise at least two processes, each of which includes at least two events. A first comparison between the two specifications is carried out with regard to the sequence of the events in the processes, and a second comparison between the two specifications is carried out, taking account of the relationships between events in different processes.

Abstract: A magnetically positioned precision holder for optical components in an optical device comprises a carrier for replaceably holding at least one optical component. The carrier is arranged in positionally adjustable fashion in a housing recess including a precision stop surface. Magnet pairs (A1/A2 and B1/B2) are oriented with identical polarity being provided in order to achieve a continuous contact pressure of the carrier (2; 3) against the stop surface (6), in such a way that the one magnet (A1, B1) is located in the recess and the corresponding magnet (A2, B2) is located in the carrier. The use of identically poled magnet pairs for movable precision holders and for precision positioning systems is also proposed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a structure function monitor provide for generation of parameters characterizing a refractive medium. In an embodiment, a structure function monitor acquires images of a pupil plane and an image plane and, from these images, retrieves the phase over an aperture, unwraps the retrieved phase, and analyzes the unwrapped retrieved phase. In an embodiment, analysis yields atmospheric parameters measured at spatial scales from zero to the diameter of a telescope used to collect light from a source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmitted-light base (1) for illuminating an object (15) for imaging through a zoom microscope (21), the transmitted-light base (1) comprising an integrated light source (3) having an associated electrical power regulation system (31) for generating a suitable radiation flux, and means (5, 6), capable of being added downstream, for generating a specified spectral intensity distribution. To allow compensation for brightness changes of low dynamic range, such as those occurring in particular during zooming, a continuously controllable mechanical brightness regulator (4) is proposed which is activatable by means of an associated adjustment device (41) in such a way that the illumination intensity of the transmitted-light base (1) is controllable with no change in the spectral intensity distribution.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer systems and program products, for normalizing computer-represented collections of objects. A first minimum value can be normalized based on a second minimum value of a universal set object that corresponds to the first set object. The second minimum value is both a minimum value supported by a data type (e.g., 1-byte integer) and a minimum value defined to be in the universal set object (e.g., 0 for a universal set of all natural numbers). Similarly, a first maximum value can be normalized based on a second maximum value of the universal set object where the second maximum value is both a maximum value supported by a data type and in the universal set object. Intervals can be normalized, which can involve replacing half-open intervals with equivalent half-closed intervals. Also, a consecutively ordered, uninterrupted, sequence of values of a set object can be normalized.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer systems and program products, for machine-implemented representations of collections of objects. A method includes providing data structure definitions that define a set object to represent the collection of objects; and generating, with a computer-implemented constructor using the one or more data structure definitions, a set object representing the collection of objects. The data structure definitions may define the set object to be a one-dimensional set object including a first list of knot elements, a second list representing the knot elements that the one-dimensional set includes, and a third list representing elements, other than the knot elements, that are included in the one-dimensional set. The data structure definitions may define the set object to be a multi-dimensional set object including set objects, such as one-dimensional set objects or other multi-dimensional set objects, nested within the multi-dimensional set object.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for data consistency in a database management system. A method may be provided that modifies a plurality of data packages stored in different data containers within a database management system. That method may include receiving a request at the database management system to modify a first data package in a first data container, and modifying the first data package and a second data package in a second data container based on common data in the first and second data packages. Modifying the first and second data packages may include deleting and/or invalidating the first and second data packages. Modifying the first and second data packages based on common data may include modifying the first and second data packages based on an association of the first and second data packages that is formed by a delta management system.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for surface layer atmospheric turbulence differential image motion measurement provide the ability to measure and characterize the atmospheric turbulence in a surface boundary layer with applications to a wide variety of technical areas including, but not limited to, astronomy and atmospheric conditions for take-off and landing at airports. Methods and apparatus include multiple optical sources and a receiver having sub-apertures for detecting light traveling along independent paths from the optical sources to the sub-apertures. The sub-apertures of the receiver are arranged, including relative spacing, to match the geometric arrangement of the multiple optical sources, where there is one sub-aperture for each optical source. Appropriate images received by the sub-apertures are analyzed using differential image motion measurement techniques.

Abstract: The invention relates to an afocal zoom (1) for use in microscopes of high resolution and high zoom factors having a tube lens (11), the zoom comprising four successive optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3, G4) when viewed from the object end, the first assembly (G1) having a positive focal length (f1), the second assembly (G2) a negative focal length (f2), the third assembly (G3) a positive focal length (f3), and the fourth assembly (G4) a negative focal length (f4), and the first and the fourth assembly (G1, G4) being arranged in stationary fashion and the second and the third assembly (G2, G3) being arranged movably for modifying the magnification of the zoom (1), the zoom magnification decreasing with increasing distance (D23) between the two assemblies (G2, G3). The zoom operates in the range of “useful magnification” of the microscope with sufficient contrast if the zoom meets the meets specific conditions.

Abstract: A magnetically positioned precision holder for optical components in an optical device comprises a carrier for replaceably holding at least one optical component. The carrier is arranged in positionally adjustable fashion in a housing recess including a precision stop surface. Magnet pairs (A1/A2 and B1/B2) are oriented with identical polarity being provided in order to achieve a continuous contact pressure of the carrier (2; 3) against the stop surface (6), in such a way that the one magnet (A1, B1) is located in the recess and the corresponding magnet (A2, B2) is located in the carrier. The use of identically poled magnet pairs for movable precision holders and for precision positioning systems is also proposed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an objective (2) for stereomicroscopes of the telescope type which comprises three optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3), the first assembly (G1) being arranged towards the object side and the third assembly (G3) being arranged towards a magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) meets the conditions 0.44≦ENP/F≦0.6, where ENP denotes the diameter of the entry pupil of the magnification changer (3L, 3R) at the maximum magnification and F denotes the focal length of the objective (2), and tan(w1)≧0.16, where w1 denotes the maximum field angle of the objective (2) at the lowest magnification of the magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) makes it possible to use a stereomicroscope with maximum resolution and a field of vision which is adapted to the full range of magnifications of the microscope.

Abstract: The invention relates to an objective (2) for stereomicroscopes of the telescope type which comprises three optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3), the first assembly (G1) being arranged towards the object side and the third assembly (G3) being arranged towards a magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) meets the conditions 0.44≦ENP/F≦0.6, where ENP denotes the diameter of the entry pupil of the magnification changer (3L, 3R) at the maximum magnification and F denotes the focal length of the objective (2), and tan(w1)≧0.16, where w1 denotes the maximum field angle of the objective (2) at the lowest magnification of the magnification changer (3L, 3R). The proposed objective (2) makes it possible to use a stereomicroscope with maximum resolution and a field of vision which is adapted to the full range of magnifications of the microscope.

Abstract: The invention relates to an afocal zoom (1) for use in microscopes of high resolution and high zoom factors having a tube lens (11), the zoom comprising four successive optical assemblies (G1, G2, G3, G4) when viewed from the object end, the first assembly (G1) having a positive focal length (f1), the second assembly (G2) a negative focal length (f2), the third assembly (G3) a positive focal length (f3), and the fourth assembly (G4) a negative focal length (f4), and the first and the fourth assembly (G1, G4) being arranged in stationary fashion and the second and the third assembly (G2, G3) being arranged movably for modifying the magnification of the zoom (1), the zoom magnification decreasing with increasing distance (D23) between the two assemblies (G2, G3).

Abstract: Device and process for smoothing printing screens for silk screen printing, in particular rotary screens, liquid being sprayed at high pressure onto a screen (1, 1′) lying on a compression-resistant and dimensionally stable support.

Abstract: Device and process for the removal of the coating layer which forms the screen stencil on a rotary printing screen for screen printing from the rotary printing screen. The device comprising a rotatable support roller and a nozzle unit for spraying a jet of liquid onto the rotary printing screen at high pressure, the rotary printing screen lying on the support roller in the working area of the nozzle unit, and the device having a free space beneath the support roller for a rotary printing screen section freely suspended beneath the support roller.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaning device for cleaning the back cloth of a printing machine and more precisely a textile printing machine, wherein said cleaning device comprises at least one rotor provided with tines for cleaning the back cloth. The tines of the rotor are traditionally made in the shape of flexible strips. During the operation, said strips abut the back cloth and sweep it on a portion of their length due to the centrifugal force.