Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and an adjusting device for selecting a stereo base. A main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting device, which may be designed as an opto-mechanical switching device. The arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses.

Abstract: An arrangement for determining the position of a surgical microscope uses signal transmitters and signal receivers. Light emitting diodes that emit coded light signals and light receptors for receiving the coded light signals are arranged in various locations in space. Reflectors having narrow-bond reflection characteristics are arranged on the microscope so that the light reflected can be identified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining measurement-point position data and a device for measuring the magnification of an optical beam path. In the method described, a laser beam is inserted via an insertion element (32a) into the beam path of a microscope. At the end of this beam path, a beam splitter (4c) splits the laser beam off again and directs it on to a position sensor (45a). The point at which the measurement beam is incident depends on the magnification of the beam path optics (8, 13). The final value of the magnification can thus be simply determined. The value of the magnification is important for the user in order to enable the user to make a definite assessment of the area observed. Also described are various related developments and details of the invention.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope has a left and a right stereo radiation path and adjusting means for selecting a stereo base. The main lens is arranged between an object to be observed and the adjusting means, which are preferably designed as opto-mechanical switching means. This arrangement allows an integrated structure with low light losses to be obtained.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a surgical microscope in which, to determine the distance between the microscope (8, 13) and the object (22), the travel time of a beam of light (57c) emanating from the microscope and reflected by the object is determined. The travel time is determined by phase measurement or by interference matching. In the case of direct phase measurement, modulated light is used. In the case of interference matching, partly coherent light is used. In order to ensure high accuracy over wide measurement range, the two measurement methods are preferably used in combination.

Abstract: A storage system for round stencils, in particular those used in the textile industry, has two or several holders for releasably holding the round stencils. The holders of the storage system may be moved by a drive, preferably all together. Also disclosed is an application system which has besides the production machine and the storage system a separate washing installation for cleaning the round stencils taken from the production machine. In the washing installation, the round stencils are sprayed from the inside and cleaned from the outside, in particular by brushes, at the same time as they are rotated.

Abstract: A method for integration testing of all objects of an object-oriented program in which an analysis of its source code is first carried out in order to identify the mutual dependencies between objects and classes and, on the basis of these dependencies, those objects that have already been tested are allocated to a set of tested objects and, further, objects that are dependent only on these tested objects are also identified. These objects are tested and are subsequently added to the set of tested objects. When no object can be found that is dependent only on tested objects, those objects are sought that are dependent only on one additional, untested object. This untested object can then be replaced by an object stub for test purposes. The object thus tested is subsequently transferred into the set of tested objects. When objects are found that are dependent only on one another and form a cycle, then one of these is replaced by an object stub in order to be able to test the other.

Abstract: A microscope adapted for use by two or more operators during surgical operations has a main objective lens and at least two mutually independent stereoscopic observation beam paths. Each stereoscopic observation beam path has a magnification system and a focusing system disposed therein. Pupil displacement systems are provided in modular construction of different mechanical lengths but of equal optical path lengths. This modular construction allows individual and customized configurations of the microscope for adaptation to meet the needs and requirements of various operating conditions and the various operating disciplines.

Abstract: A bearing assembly for a cylindrical device, which is capable of assuring rapid exchange of the cylindrical device, comprising a bearing housing surrounding an antifriction bearing cage provided with roll bodies, wherein a circular opening remains open, through which the roll bodies protrude in order to be supported at the cylindrical device to be borne. The bearing housing is subdivided into two parts or housing members in a plane passing through the axis, so that one of the parts or housing members can be swiveled against the other. Also, the antifriction bearing cage is subdivided, namely into individual cages loosely joined together.

Abstract: A nozzle of a dyestuff applicator has a cylindrical valve housing formed with an orifice obstructable by the tip of an electromagnetically displaceable needle which controls the outflow of dyestuff from a chamber in that housing. The chamber is sealed by a rubber diaphragm which is penetrated by the needle whose shaft is engaged by a pair of parallel membranes of spring steel peripherally clamped in an extension of the housing. Each membrane comprises a narrow outer ring with an inwardly projecting tongue split into two diverging branches which are interconnected at their free ends, near the diametrically opposite side of the outer ring, by a re-entrant web extending radially between these branches and terminating in an inner, needle-supporting ring concentric with the outer ring.

Abstract: A broad textile web, on its way to a processing station such as a rotary-screen printer, passes around a set of closely juxtaposed but independently rotatable feed rollers that are individually driven via respective differential gear trains each having a first input connected to a common drive shaft and a second input connected to an ancillary stepping motor. Each feed roller engages a strip zone of the web which is scanned by an associated sensor upstream of the roller, the latter detecting the leading and trailing edges of recurrent transverse web sections--e.g. of pile fabric--mechanically, electrically or optically distinguishable from intervening sections. Unequal longitudinal tensions in the several strip zones actuate the sensor-controlled stepping motors for different time periods so as to cancel any relative deformation.

Abstract: To produce a perforated metal foil, especially for use in a screen printer, a decomposable, dissoluble or vaporizable dielectric substance is deposited on a cylindrical conductive substrate in a dot pattern under the control of a photoelectrically scanned master. The spaces between the dots are then filled with an electrolytically deposited metal forming a coherent layer which is subsequently stripped off the substrate. The deposition of the dot pattern is carried out through a spray nozzle, sweeping the rotating substrate, which has an outlet in a bottom wall of a narrow space filled with the liquid dielectric to be dispensed, that space being separated by an apertured partition from an overlying plenum chamber in which the air is intermittently pressurized by an electromagnetic armature to expel a limited quantity of dielectric through the outlet; the membrane may be vibrated at supersonic frequencies to generate the necessary discharge pressure.

Abstract: Relatively inflexible travelling webs, such as carpets or rugs having a coating on the reverse side thereof, are guided in a convoluted path around a plurality of guide rollers, and in this path they are heated by being subjected to steam heat, hot air heat, heat-producing radiation or heat derived from other sources.

Abstract: A doctor blade device particularly for screen printing machines preferably for textile printing on webs of material, which comprises a metallic stroke lip leaf for the coating of flowable color materials on flat webs of material, and means for providing different supporting conditions over a freely projecting length of the stroke lip leaf.

Abstract: A group of cylindrical printing screens, rotatable about parallel axes, are journaled on a machine frame and carry coaxial gears in mesh with driving pinions on the frame. A bed, designed to support a substrate to be imprinted, is supported underneath each screen on the frame through the intermediary of elevation-adjusting wedges interlinked by a control rod. The sceens can be axially tensioned by mounting units, slidable on axially extending guide rods, which carry spring-loaded thrust bearings acting in an axially outward direction upon their coaxial gears.

Abstract: An apertured rectangular foil of substantially inextensible sheet metal, e.g. nickel or steel, has a hole at each corner engaged by a resiliently biased gripper exerting on it a diagonally outward force to hold the foil stretched in a surrounding tenter frame supporting these grippers. The frame is provided with marginal ledges, underlying the foil at least along the major sides of the rectangle, onto which the foil edges are releasably pressed by toggle clamps.

Abstract: A horizontal dyestuff-supply tube within a cylindrical printing screen supports a prismatic applicator housing whose bottom is formed from two transversely spaced angle profiles for the guidance of a vertically movable distributing member. The latter is in the shape of a block with a multiplicity of vertical passages terminating at its underside in a discharge slot, the block penetrating upwardly into the applicator housing and supporting a perforated slack membrane of rubber or the like secured to the upper block surface and to the lateral inner bottom surfaces of the housing to form aprons preventing the penetration of dyestuff along the guide surfaces of the angle profiles. These profiles may be interconnected by transverse bolts passing through vertical clearances formed in the distributing member between its passages.

Abstract: A machine for printing a recurrent pattern on sections of predetermined length of a textile web, comprising a number of parallel rotary-screen printing units spaced apart in the direction of web motion, includes a first sensor for detecting the leading edge of an oncoming web section to be imprinted and a second sensor for ascertaining the passage of a mark indicating the start of a printing pattern on the first unit. The odd-numbered units print the first half of the pattern, in different colors, whereas the even-numbered units print the second half in corresponding colors; between printing operations, the screen of each unit is lifted off the web and can be angularly readjusted to compensate for relative disalignment between the web sections and the printing patterns.

Abstract: The invention relates to the printing of sheet-heavy-pile textile materials, especially carpets, characterized in that powdered dyestuff preparations are applied to the sheet of textile material in consistency with the pattern, preferably by the screen- printing or film-printing techniques, the dye is subsequently fixed by the action of heat and any constituents of the dye preparations which are not fixed are removed by suction or by washing. The new method is economical and causes no or little pollution.

Abstract: A dyestuff applicator for an apertured printing screen, curved about a horizontal axis, comprises an axially extending supply tube within an elongate casing supported thereon, the open casing bottom being surrounded by flanges in clamping engagement with an elastic membrane curving downwardly toward the underlying screen surface under pressure of the overlying liquid and of a limitedly vertically movable loading frame. A metallic foil, curved cylindrically about the screen axis, is interposed between the membrane and the screen, the foil and the membrane being provided with aligned openings which form an outlet for the dyestuff liquid along a median zone of contact bracketed by the frame.