Abstract: Process for the preparation of tetrahydrobiopterin from neopterin and/or 6-substituted pterins with an improved yield and a high stereoselectivity. Also disclosed herein are novel individual intermediates prepared in the preparation of tetrahydrobiopterin, such as selectively protected neopterin useful for the preparation of tetrahydrobiopterin.

Abstract: The invention concerns a probe for analysis of a collection of rods or tubes comprising an elongated casing which bears, at a first end, at least one first magnetometer and, at a position sufficiently remote from the magnetometer, a permanent magnet, the north-south axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the rods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for determining the existence and location of parasitic stress-inducing forces on a substantially cylindrical rod portion 1 defined along a first axis 2 and when this rod is made of a magnetostrictive material. The method according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it consists in magnetizing the wall of the rod portion in a pseudo-helix 10 centred on the first axis 2, in applying a forced stress between the two ends 3, 4 of the rod portion 1, in measuring, along the rod portion, the magnitude of the magnetic field created by the rod portion 1 after it has been subjected to the forced stress, these measurements being taken in a direction substantially parallel to the first axis 2, and from these measurements, in deducing the existence and location of the parasitic stress-inducing forces on the rod portion 1. The invention also relates to a device for implementing this method.

Abstract: 1,1?-Biphenyl-2,2?-diphosphines having at least one amine substituent in the para position relative to the phosphine group and having the formulae are ligands for metal complexes which serve as catalysts for asymmetric addition reactions of prochiral organic compounds and whose catalytic properties can be tailored specifically to particular substrates by substitution of the amine group.

Abstract: The invention relates to an articulation joint which can move in a controlled manner between two elements that can rotate in relation to one another about an axis ?, comprising: a hub (6) which is equipped with a cylindrical bore (7) having a ? axis and which is intended to be fixed to the first element; and a shaft (10) which is engaged in the bore in the hub (6), such that it can move in relation to the hub in rotation about axis ?, and which is intended to be fixed to the second element. The invention is characterised in that the hub (6) and the shaft (10) are elastic and can deform under a stress (F3, F4) which is perpendicular to the ? axis and which is greater than a given value, in order to lock or brake the ? axis rotation.

Abstract: The embodiments provide compounds of the general Formulae I through general Formula VIII, as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a subject compound. The embodiments further provide treatment methods, including methods of treating a hepatitis C virus infection and methods of treating liver fibrosis, the methods generally involving administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a subject compound or composition.

Abstract: The embodiments provide compounds of the general Formula I, as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a subject compound. The embodiments further provide treatment methods, including methods of treating a hepatitis C virus infection and methods of treating liver fibrosis, the methods generally involving administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a subject compound or composition.

Abstract: The embodiments provide compounds of the general Formulae (I) through general Formula (VIII), as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a subject compound. The embodiments further provide treatment methods, including methods of treating a hepatitis C virus infection and methods of treating liver fibrosis, the methods generally involving administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a subject compound or composition.

Abstract: 6,7-Dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-8-one (I), is obtainable in high yields by: 1) a process which proceeds from a suitably protected C-(3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methylamine whose amine is converted to the formamide which is then cyclized to the imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and hydrogenated to the 6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-8-one, and suitably protected C-(3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methylamines can be prepared either in 2 steps proceeding from commercially available 3-hydroxy-2-cyanopyridine [932-35-4] or in 3 steps proceeding from commercially available 2-hydroxymethylpyridin-3-ol [14173-30-9]; 2) a process for preparing 4-hydroxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butan-1-one, an intermediate from the synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-8-one (formula I), as described in WO 2002/040484, proceeding from N,N-dimethyl-2-(trialkylsilanyl)imidazole-1-sulphonamide by lithiation and subsequent reaction with a suitably protected 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde, followed by oxidation of the secondary alcohol, acid-induced depro

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a porphyrin of formula (I), optionally in the form of a salt with an alkali metal and/or in the form of a metal complex: in which: R and R? are as defined in claim 1, comprising: a step of condensation, in an acidic medium, between a dipyrromethane of formula (II): in which R?b is as defined above for (I), and a dipyrromethane of formula (III): in which R? is as defined in claim 1, and also the compounds of formula (III).

Abstract: A gamma monitoring apparatus and method for measuring water equivalent of snowpack over a selected ground area. A detector unit is installed at a given height above the area. The detector unit has a collimator and a scintillator coupled to a photomultiplier tube for detecting gamma rays emitted by naturally radioactive elements present in soil under the snowpack and absorbed by the snowpack in a field of view defined by the collimator. Pulses in a signal produced by the photomultiplier tube are measured and those exceeding threshold energy levels in a number of energy windows are registered as gamma counts. The water equivalent of the snowpack is periodically computed as functions of the gamma counts in the energy windows and the height of the detector unit with respect to ground level. The data representing the computed water equivalent are stored and controllably transmitted for reporting. Soil moisture content is also determinable.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of tetrahydrobiopterin from neopterin and/or 6-substituted pterins with an improved yield and a high stereoselectivity. Also disclosed herein are novel individual intermediates prepared in the preparation of tetrahydrobiopterin, such as selectively protected neopterin useful for the preparation of tetrahydrobiopterin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of an 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl compound of the formula [A], or a salt thereof, wherein each of R3 and R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, said process comprising reacting a hydrazine compound of the formula [B] wherein R is hydrogen or acyl, R2 is hydrogen or a protecting group, are hydrogen or lower alkyl, and R6 is hydrogen or COOR7, or a salt thereof, with a 1,2,4-triazolyl forming reagent. In addition, novel intermediates for the synthesis of the anti-migraine agent Rizatriptan and methods for their synthesis are presented.

Abstract: The embodiments provide compounds of the general Formulae I through general Formula VIII, as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a subject compound. The embodiments further provide treatment methods, including methods of treating a hepatitis C virus infection and methods of treating liver fibrosis, the methods generally involving administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a subject compound or composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the sulfurization of phosphorus-containing compounds. More particularly, the process involves contacting the compound to be sulfurized with a sulfur transfer reagent as defined hereinbefore in a solvent or a mixture of solvents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the sulfurization of phosphorus-containing compounds which comprises contacting the phosphorus compound to be sulfurized with a sulfur transfer reagent of formula (I) wherein R1 is aryl which can be substituted by halo, (C1–C6) alkyl or (C1-C6) alkoxy, and R2 is (C1–C6) alkyl, which could also form a cyclic ring together with R1, in a solvent or a mixture of solvents.

Abstract: A stereoselective process for the preparation of a 2?,2?-difluronucleoside is provided. In the process, a protected 2?2?-difluorofuranose is coupled with a base selected from the group consisting of pyrimidine and purine derivatives in the presence of a Lewis acid, wherein the protected 2?2?-difluorofuranose has a 1-position leaving group and 3- and 5-position protecting groups, and, when the base comprises 1 or more oxygen atoms, the base is a protected base, wherein each oxygen atom is protected with a protecting group.

Abstract: The invention provides ribonucleoside derivatives with novel protecting groups and methods for the preparation of such ribonucleoside derivatives. The general formula (I) of the ribonucleoside derivatives is: wherein R1 is a base of the purine- or pyrimidine-family or a derivative of such a base or any other residue with serves as a nucleobase surrogate, R2 is a proton or a substituted derivative of phosphonic acid, R3 is a proton or a protection-group for the oxygen atom in 5?-position, R4, R5 and R6 are independently alkyl or aryl or a combination of alkyl and aryl or heteroatom, R4, R5 or R6 may also be cyclically connected to each other; and wherein at least one of the R4, R5 or R6 substituents comprises a tertiary C-atom or a heteroatom vicinal to the Si-atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the processes and devices for assessing the permeability of a rock medium 1 containing a fluid 2 in its interstices 3. The device and the process according to the invention are characterized essentially in that a given magnetic field is applied to the interstitial fluid 2 located in the rock medium 1, the variation in pressure of the interstitial fluid 2 resulting from the application of the magnetic field is measured, and the permeability of the rock medium is determined as a function of the value of the variation in pressure of the interstitial fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oligonucleotide derivative which comprises at least one nucleoside building block of the formula (I) The invention furthermore relates to nucleoside building blocks, intermediates and processes for preparing the oligonucleotide derivatives and the nucleoside building blocks. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions and to uses of the oligonucleotide derivatives and the nucleoside building blocks.