Abstract: Compounds of formula I and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Further disclosed are methods of making biologically active compounds of formula I as well as pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising compounds of formula I. Compounds of formula I as disclosed herein can be used in a variety of applications including use as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: A method that determines if a sender's message is to be sent to a recipient is presented. A challenge module analyzes the message and sends a challenge message to the sender if the sender is not in the recipient's address store. The challenge message includes a pseudo unique token for the sender recipient pair such that the sender must respond differently to each challenge message for a particular message. In one embodiment, the challenge message requires the sender to obtain a certificate from a certificate authority or a set of authorities.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel D-ring and side-chain analogs of 1&agr;,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, compositions comprising these compounds and methods of using these compounds as selective inhibitors of CYP24. In particular, the compounds of the invention are useful for treating diseases which benefit from a modulation of the levels of 1&agr;,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, for example, cell-proliferative disorders.

Abstract: Copolymer structures are formed by exposing a substrate with an imaging layer thereon to two or more beams of selected wavelengths to form interference patterns at the imaging layer to change the wettability of the imaging layer in accordance with the interference patterns. A layer of a selected block copolymer is deposited onto the exposed imaging layer and annealed to separate the components of the copolymer in accordance with the pattern of wettability and to replicate the pattern of the imaging layer in the copolymer layer. Stripes or isolated regions of the separated components may be formed with periodic dimensions in the range of 100 nm or less.

Abstract: A binder system made from renewable resources is used to produce particleboards. In a preferred embodiment the binder includes soy protein isolate, a plasticizer such as glycerol and a vegetable oil derivative such as maleinized methyl ester of tung oil. Particleboard is formed from a source of lignocellulose, the binder, and optionally an alkali modified soy protein and emulsified wax.

Abstract: A technique for switching all-optical packet switching is disclosed. In one embodiment, the technique is realized by receiving at least one data packet over a network, disassociating a payload portion from a first header in the data packet, forming a second header based on a first information in the first header, associating the payload portion with the second header to form a modified packet and switching the modified packet based on a second information contained in the first header.

Abstract: An input device and method for generating electronic ink and/or other inputs is described. The input device may be used in combination with any surface through the use of an improved movement sensing technique for generating data for use in ink related applications and non-ink related applications. Improved motion sensing may be achieved using one or more inertial sensors for detecting movement of the input device by measuring such indicators as velocity, acceleration, and changes in electro-magnetic fields. The input device may include a memory for storing movement data and a transceiver for transmitting data representing movement of the input device to a host computer. Processing of the sensed movement data to generate images representative of hand written strokes may also be performed using a processor within the input device. The input device may be formed in the shape of a pen, and may include an ink cartridge to facilitate movement of the input device in a familiar manner.

Abstract: A method that enables multiple spam detection solutions to be deployed in a manageable and rational manner to determine if a message is spam is presented. A framework invokes one or more anti-spam filters to analyze the message and return a confidence level of whether a message is spam and that confidence level is added to a summary of confidence levels. The framework evaluates a summary of confidence levels against a set of defined thresholds. If the summary of confidence levels is greater than the highest threshold set by the administrator, the action specified for the highest threshold is taken. Otherwise, subsequent filters are used to evaluate the message until either the maximum threshold is exceeded or all filters have evaluated the message. After all filters have evaluated the message, the summary of confidence levels is compared against all thresholds and the action associated with that matching threshold is taken.

Abstract: A shift lever device for a motor vehicle is disclosed with a shift lever being operated in a longitudinal and transverse direction. A stop device is disposed in either a vertically or horizontally and vertically oriented track adjacent the shift lever so that in one condition, the shift lever is prevented from movement out of the P shift range and in another condition, the shift lever is permitted to move from the P shift range to one of the N shift range, the R shift range and the 3 D shift range. The shift lever is also prevented from “N” position into “R” position, if the vehicle speed is too high by a reverse gear lock-out device.

Abstract: A method that enables multiple spam detection solutions to be deployed in a manageable and rational manner to determine if a message is spam is presented. A framework invokes anti-spam filters to analyze the message and return confidence levels of whether a message is spam. The framework evaluates the highest confidence level against a set of defined thresholds. If the highest confidence level is greater than the highest threshold set by the administrator, the action specified for the highest threshold is taken. The highest confidence level is also compared against all thresholds and the action associated with the nearest threshold that has been exceeded is taken.

Abstract: Copolymer structures are formed by exposing a substrate with an imaging layer thereon to two or more beams of selected wavelengths to form interference patterns at the imaging layer to change the wettability of the imaging layer in accordance with the interference patterns. A layer of a selected block copolymer is deposited onto the exposed imaging layer and annealed to separate the components of the copolymer in accordance with the pattern of wettability and to replicate the pattern of the imaging layer in the copolymer layer. Stripes or isolated regions of the separated components may be formed with periodic dimensions in the range of 100 nm or less.

Abstract: A shift-by-wire shifter assembly is provided. The shift-by-wire shifter assembly includes a shift lever, a sensor, a cable bracket, and a lever lock. The shift lever is movable between shift position locations. The sensor is operative to detect the shift position of the shift lever and generate an electrical signal corresponding to the shift position location of the shift lever. The cable bracket has a transmission shift cable mount. The lever lock is operative in a first condition to releasably interlock the shift lever to the cable bracket for movement of the cable bracket with the shift lever between shift position locations, and has a second condition in which the shift lever is movable between shift position locations independently of the cable bracket.

Abstract: A system and method is described for providing an encoding scheme for a bit stream and displaying or printing the encoded bit stream. Using the encoded bit stream, a pen with a camera may capture an image of a portion of the encoded bit stream. The captured image may then be decoded to provide an indication of the location of the image in relation to the encoded bit stream. The encoding scheme includes information regarding orientation, thus making decoding easier.

Abstract: Time cycles in the physical layer of a passive optical network may be shared by multiple transmitting network devices (ONUs) to enable transmission of time sensitive traffic in a time sensitive manner. By allocating channels within the cyclic frame structure of the physical layer of the network, transmission of data from the ONUs to the OLT may be smoothed to enhance time dependent characteristics of the network. Where the underlying physical layer is a SONET/SDH based network, each SONET/SDH frame is divided into a given number of channels, such as 125 channels each of which is 1 &mgr;S long. Each ONU is allocated one or more channels on each frame in which to transmit data to the OLT. The total bandwidth allocated to a given ONU is determined based on the number of channels allocated to that ONU.

Abstract: The present invention relates to distributed systems and methods for finding a path from a source node to a destination node where the path chosen satisfies a path constraint for a first additive path parameter and concurrently optimizes a second additive path parameter. One embodiment of the invention provides a routing method. The method includes receiving at a current node a construct path message from a neighboring previous node. The construct path message includes first and second values for first and second additive parameters. The method includes checking whether the first value satisfies an optimality condition and whether the second value indicates a feasible path given a path constraint.

Abstract: A shifter system includes an automatic transmission shifter lever movable along a first shift path in forward and rearward directions and a transfer case shifter lever movable along a second shift path in the forward and rearward directions. The automatic transmission shifter lever is also movable in lateral directions to provide an auto stick option. The second shift path is laterally adjacent the first shift path a short distance to reduce space. An interlock mechanism is provided to prevent contact between the shifter levers. The interlock mechanism includes a blocker pivotable between a locking position wherein the blocker limits movement of the transfer case shifter lever along the second shift path and an unlocking position wherein the blocker does not limit movement of the transfer case shifter lever along the second shift path.

Abstract: A method of establishing a data connection between terminal switching nodes in a network and switching nodes for implementing the method. The method involves switching nodes participating in a network layer wavelength routing (WR) protocol to determine the next hop switching node for every possible combination of terminal nodes based on the network topology. The method also involves the switching nodes participating in a network layer wavelength distribution (WD) once the data connection is to be established. The WR protocol determines the path used through the network, while the WD protocol assigns wavelengths on each link between switching nodes. The wavelengths may be different on different optical links. The switching nodes include wavelength converters with an optical switch or optoelectronic converters with a digital electronic switch. A digital electronic switch can also provide signal reformatting.