Abstract: The present invention includes methods/processes and intermediates for preparing compounds having structural Formula (I): wherein X is alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or substituted heteroalkenyl.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for identifying modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands, e.g., by determining whether a test entity is suitable to interact with one or more interacting sites within the Venus flytrap domains of the chemosensory receptors, and modifiers capable of modulating chemosensory receptors and their ligands. The present invention also includes modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands having Formula (I), its subgenus, and specific compounds. Furthermore, the present invention includes ingestible compositions comprising the modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands and methods of using the modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands to enhance the sweet taste of an ingestible composition or treat a condition associated with a chemosensory receptor. In addition, the present invention include processes for preparing the modifiers of chemosensory receptors and their ligands.

Abstract: The present invention includes compounds having structural formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvate, and/or ester thereof. These compounds are useful as sweet flavor modifiers. The present invention also includes compositions comprising the present compounds and methods of enhancing the sweet taste of ingestible compositions. Furthermore, the present invention provides methods for preparing the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods/processes and intermediates for preparing compounds having structural Formula (I): wherein X is alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, heteroalkyl, substituted heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, or substituted heteroalkenyl.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in part, substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines and methods of contacting compositions with such compounds to enhance the sweet taste of said compositions.

Abstract: There discloses a ubiquitous energy network for optimum utilization of energy, which includes nodes connected by an interconnected network architecture of virtual pipelines transferring a ubiquitous energy flow, with the ubiquitous energy flow being transferred among the nodes bi-directionally. The node includes a system energy efficiency controller, and at least one of other nodes, an energy generation device, an energy storage device, an energy utilization device, and an energy regeneration device connected to the controller. The controller controls the input and output of the ubiquitous energy flow of the at least one of the other nodes, the energy generation device, the energy storage device, the energy utilization device, the energy regeneration device. Furthermore, the node, an access terminal, a virtual tag, and the virtual pipeline of the ubiquitous energy network, and a server and method for providing energy transaction and service by the ubiquitous energy network are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I useful in the inhibition of c-Met protein kinase. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of proliferative disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I useful in the inhibition of c-Met protein kinase. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of proliferative disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or mixtures thereof that inhibit serine protease activity, particularly the activity of hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A protease.

Abstract: A system energy efficiency controller connected (105) to at least one of an energy generation device (101), an energy storage device (102), an energy utilization device (103) and an energy regeneration device (104) is disclosed for enabling energy utilization. Said system energy efficiency controller (105) cooperatively controls the input and output of a ubiquitous energy flow of at least one of the energy generation device (101), the energy storage device (102), the energy utilization device (103) and the energy regeneration device (104). Said ubiquitous energy flow includes at least one of an energy flow, a material flow, and an information flow. Also disclosed are an energy efficiency gain device, an energy efficiency matching station and a smart energy service system, which are connected with the controller (105). The present invention optimizes the entire process of energy utilization using the system energy efficiency controller (105), thus improving the system energy efficiency.

Abstract: This invention provides a method to silence an endogenous target gene expression in plants by applying a specific dsRNA onto the exterior surface of a plant. Application, such as by spraying or brushing a plant with dsRNA is done without wounding the plant tissue and cells such as by mechanical-type wounding, particle bombardment or mechanical infection with viral vectors. The present invention enables the regulation of gene expression in plants. In some embodiments of the invention, the dsRNA is directed to an essential gene of a plant pathogen or pest, whereby the pathogen and/or pest damage is controlled, resulting in desired agronomic performance.

Abstract: The present invention includes compounds having structural formula (I), or salts or solvates thereof. These compounds are useful as sweet flavor modifiers. The present invention also includes compositions comprising the present compounds and methods of enhancing the sweet taste of compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds inhibit serine protease, particularly the hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A protease.

Abstract: Methods and devices for treating tinnitus in human or animal subjects wherein the subject is caused to perceive a tinnitus suppressing sound which fully or partially suppresses the subject's tinnitus. In some embodiments of this method, the subject selects a sound that he or she perceives to be the same as the tinnitus and that sound (or a similar sound that is complementary to the subject's perceived tinnitus) is then used as the tinnitus suppressing sound. In other embodiments, the tinnitus suppressing may be a sound that has previously been determined to suppress tinnitus in a substantial number of subjects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I, which is useful in the inhibition of c-Met protein kinase. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising compounds of formula I and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of proliferative disorders.

Abstract: A method for forming an integrated circuit device including an interconnect structure, e.g., copper dual damascene. The method includes providing a substrate and forming an interlayer dielectric layer overlying the substrate. The method also includes patterning the interlayer dielectric layer to form a contact structure and forming a barrier metal layer overlying the contact structure. The method includes forming a seed layer comprising copper bearing species overlying the barrier metal layer and applying an oxygen bearing species to treat the seed layer to cause an oxide layer of predetermined thickness to form on the seed layer. The method protects the seed layer from contamination using the oxide layer while the substrate is transferred from the step of applying the seed layer and contacts a copper bearing material in liquid form overlying the oxide layer to dissolve the oxide layer while forming a thickness of copper bearing material using a plating process to begin filling the contact structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery that certain non-naturally occurring, non-peptide amide compounds and amide derivatives, such as oxalamides, ureas, and acrylamides, are useful flavor or taste modifiers, such as a flavoring or flavoring agents and flavor or taste enhancer, more particularly, savory (the “umami” taste of monosodium glutamate) or sweet taste modifiers, —savory or sweet flavoring agents and savory or sweet flavor enhancers, for food, beverages, and other comestible or orally administered medicinal products or compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I useful in the inhibition of c-Met protein kinase. The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising the compounds of the invention and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of proliferative disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery that certain non-naturally occurring, non-peptide amide compounds and amide derivatives, such as oxalamides, ureas, and acrylamides, are useful flavor or taste modifiers, such as a flavoring or flavoring agents and flavor or taste enhancer, more particularly, savory (the “umami” taste of monosodium glutamate) or sweet taste modifiers, —savory or sweet flavoring agents and savory or sweet flavor enhancers, for food, beverages, and other comestible or orally administered medicinal products or compositions.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods of stabilizing one or more sweet enhancers when they are exposed to a light source as well as liquid compositions containing one or more sweet enhancers and one or more photostabilizers.