Abstract: A document management system uses machine learning to identify legal obligations within contract documents. The document management system trains a machine-learned model using historical contract documents having historical legal obligations; the trained machine-learned model is configured to identify portions of text within a contract document that correspond to legal obligations. The machine-learned model, applied to a set of contract documents, identifies a set of legal obligations. The document management system presents, via a user interface, information about the set of identified legal obligations.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprises a liquid and functionalized nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. At least some of the functionalized nanoparticles comprise nanoparticles of aluminosilica and have a chemical structure of: wherein at least one of the X's represents —O— bonded to a silicon (Si) atom or an aluminum (Al) atom of the aluminosilica of at least one of the nanoparticles; each other of the X's represents an additional —O— bonded to another silicon (Si) atom or another aluminum (Al) atom of the aluminosilica of at least one of the nanoparticles, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group (OH), a hydrogen atom, or a halide; Z represents an oxygen (O) atom or an NH group; and Q represents an epoxide group, an aziridine group, a —CH(OH)CH2OH group, a —CH(OH)CH2NH2 group, a —CH(NH)2CH2OH group, or a —CH(NH2)CH2NH2 group. Methods of formation and of use are also disclosed.

Abstract: A tracer-embedded degradable article includes: a degradable metallic carrier; and a tracer disposed in the degradable metallic carrier, wherein the tracer includes an upconverting particle that has a host material, and a dopant. The article is manufactured by forming a mixture containing the metallic carrier and the tracer; and molding or casting the mixture. The degradation of the article is monitored by disposing the article downhole; degrading the article; releasing the tracer from the article to a wellbore fluid; and analyzing the wellbore fluid to determine an amount of the tracer in the wellbore fluid.

Abstract: It has been discovered that nanoparticles and/or functionalized polymers are effective in removing metal contaminants from a hydrocarbon phase into an aqueous phase. In particular, the nanoparticles and/or functionalized polymers can remove iron contaminants from crude oil into an aqueous phase in a refinery desalter. Suitable nanoparticles can include graphene oxide and/or titanium dioxide. Suitable functionalized polymers include iodododecane-functionalized vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymers, sulfonated-functionalized vinylpyrrolidone/vinylimidazole copolymers, sulfonated polyether ether ketones, imidazole polymers, imidazole copolymers, and/or 3-(1-pyridino)-1-propanesulfonate.

Abstract: A method of reducing water saturation onto surfaces exposed to hydrocarbons during the production of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations by altering the wettability of the surface of the formation with surface modified nanoparticles.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes a liquid and nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. The nanoparticles each include silica, alumina, and an organosilicon functional group having a molecular weight of at least 200. A method includes functionalizing a surface of nanoparticles with an organosilicon functional group and dispersing the nanoparticles in a liquid to form a suspension. The functional group has a molecular weight of at least 200. The nanoparticles each include silica and alumina at a surface thereof.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrocarbons comprises introducing a suspension comprising nanoparticles to a material and contacting surfaces of the material with the suspension. After introducing the suspension comprising the nanoparticles to the material, the method further includes introducing at least one charged surfactant to the material and removing hydrocarbons from the material. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the nanoparticles may be introduced to the material prior to introduction of the surfactant to the material. Related methods of recovering hydrocarbons from a material are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of recovering hydrocarbons comprises introducing a suspension comprising nanoparticles to a material and contacting surfaces of the material with the suspension. After introducing the suspension comprising the nanoparticles to the material, the method further includes introducing at least one charged surfactant to the material and removing hydrocarbons from the material. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the nanoparticles may be introduced to the material prior to introduction of the surfactant to the material. Related methods of recovering hydrocarbons from a material are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of reducing water saturation onto surfaces exposed to hydrocarbons during the production of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations by altering the wettability of the surface of the formation with surface modified nanoparticles.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for voice-based content searching. The systems, methods, and computer-readable media described herein may improve user experiences by providing voice-based content searching using mobile devices. In an example method described herein, a computer system may receive a voice search initiation signal from a mobile device over a WiFi protocol connection or a Bluetooth protocol connection. The computer system may monitor a WiFi receiver and a Bluetooth receiver of the computer system for first voice data. The computer system may determine that the first voice data is being received at the WiFi receiver. The computer system may determine that second voice data is received at the Bluetooth receiver while the first voice data is being received at the WiFi receiver, and discard the second voice data.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a selected refinery chemical at a low concentration comprises contacting a sample with functionalized metallic nanoparticles that contain metallic nanoparticles functionalized with a functional group comprising a cyano group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a boronic acid group, an aza group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; radiating the sample contacted with the functionalized metallic nanoparticles with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level; measuring a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample; and determining the presence or a concentration of a selected refinery chemical in the sample from the Raman spectrum.

Abstract: A method of making a thin film substrate involves exposing carbon nanostructures to a crosslinker to crosslink the carbon nanostructures. The crosslinked carbon nanostructures are recovered and disposed on a support substrate. A thin film substrate includes crosslinked carbon nanostructures on a support substrate. The crosslinked carbon nanostructures have a crosslinker between the carbon nanostructures. A method of performing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on a SERS-active analyte involves providing a SERS-active analyte on such a thin film substrate, exposing the thin film substrate to Raman scattering, and detecting the SERS-active analyte.

Abstract: A cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticle. A method of making cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles includes forming an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a gold precursor and glycine, keeping the reaction mixture at about 18° C. to about 50° C. for at least 6 days to provide formation of the cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles, and isolating the cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles from the reaction mixture. A method of analyzing a sample, comprising contacting cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles with the sample and performing an analytical method on the sample. A sensor comprises cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing one or more clays within a subterranean formation comprises forming at least one treatment fluid comprising anionic silica particles, cationic silica particles, and at least one base material. The at least one treatment fluid is provided into a subterranean formation containing clay particles to attach at least a portion of the anionic silica particles and the cationic silica particles to surfaces of the clay particles and form stabilized clay particles. A method of treating one or more clays contained within a subterranean formation, and a treatment fluid for a subterranean formation.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes a liquid and nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. The nanoparticles each include silica, alumina, and an organosilicon functional group having a molecular weight of at least 200. A method includes functionalizing a surface of nanoparticles with an organosilicon functional group and dispersing the nanoparticles in a liquid to form a suspension. The functional group has a molecular weight of at least 200. The nanoparticles each include silica and alumina at a surface thereof.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a well sample for a well treatment additive includes contacting the sample with functionalized metallic nanoparticles that contain metallic nanoparticles functionalized with a functional group including a cyano group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a boronic acid group, an aza group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, or a combination including at least one of the foregoing; irradiating the sample contacted with the functionalized metallic nanoparticles with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level; measuring a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample; and determining presence, type or concentration of the well treatment additive in the sample from the Raman spectrum.

Abstract: A composition of matter includes a liquid and nanoparticles suspended in the liquid. The nanoparticles each include silica, alumina, and an organosilicon functional group having a molecular weight of at least 200. A method includes functionalizing a surface of nanoparticles with an organosilicon functional group and dispersing the nanoparticles in a liquid to form a suspension. The functional group has a molecular weight of at least 200. The nanoparticles each include silica and alumina at a surface thereof.

Abstract: Carbon quantum dots may be introduced into oil-based downhole fluids, such as drilling fluids, completion fluids, stimulation fluids, remediation fluids, and combinations thereof, or into distillate fuels, to increase their electrical conductivity and improve or maintain their performance in oil production and refining operations, in both low and high shear conditions.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a well sample for a well treatment additive includes contacting the sample with functionalized metallic nanoparticles that contain metallic nanoparticles functionalized with a functional group including a cyano group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a boronic acid group, an aza group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, or a combination including at least one of the foregoing; irradiating the sample contacted with the functionalized metallic nanoparticles with electromagnetic radiation at a selected energy level; measuring a Raman spectrum emitted from the sample; and determining presence, type or concentration of the well treatment additive in the sample from the Raman spectrum.

Abstract: A cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticle. A method of making cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles includes forming an aqueous reaction mixture comprising a gold precursor and glycine, keeping the reaction mixture at about 18° C. to about 50° C. for at least 6 days to provide formation of the cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles, and isolating the cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles from the reaction mixture. A method of analyzing a sample, comprising contacting cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles with the sample and performing an analytical method on the sample. A sensor comprises cyanide-functionalized gold nanoparticles.