Abstract: Provided is a battery comprising a first compartment, a second compartment and a barrier separating the first and second compartments, wherein the barrier comprises a proton transporting moiety.

Abstract: The invention discloses a novel technique of assaying cultured cells with the use of fluidic devices. The methods and devices disclosed in the invention allow easy introduction and removal of cultured cells and tissues from fluidic devices. The applications of the present invention include cell-based assays for drug discovery, genomics and proteomics.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell comprising a first compartment, a second compartment and a barrier separating the first and second compartments, wherein the barrier comprises a proton transporting moiety.

Abstract: This invention describes novel microfluidic methods for performing biochemical analysis involving multiple steps. Microfluidic devices that can be used for performing such assays are also described. The uses of such methods include genomic and proteomic analysis, diagnostic assays, and drug discovery.

Abstract: The invention describes methods to fabricate, use and analyze three-dimensional DNA microarrays. Such microarrays are used for investigation of gene expression profiles. The three-dimensional microarrays have many advantages over the current microarray technologies, including a higher effective probe density.

Abstract: This invention describes novel architectures for molecular arrays and methods for using the same. Also described are methods to use the invention in conjunction with fluidic devices. The molecular arrays consist of DNA, RNA, proteins or peptides, or any other molecule of interest. The uses of such arrays include genomic and proteomic analysis, diagnostic assays, and drug discovery.

Abstract: The present invention describes molecular arrays that can be stacked to generate three-dimensional arrays for detection of molecules of interest in a sample, determination of composition of a complex mixture of molecules, and comparison of composition of two or more samples of molecules, such molecules including DNA, RNA and proteins. Methods to fabricate and use such arrays are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a battery comprising a first compartment, a second compartment and a barrier separating the first and second compartments, wherein the barrier comprises a proton transporting moiety.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for separating, in a medium, a component from a composition comprising: (1) an array of three or more electrodes arrayed along a pathway along which molecules of the composition are transported; and (2) a power source device for delivering to voltage to the electrodes; wherein the voltages delivered to the electrode array by the power source device are effective to: (a) alter the relative movement along the transport pathway of two or more of the molecules caused by a motive force, or (b) cause the molecules to move along the transport pathway.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the denaturation of nucleic acids using capacitive charging. In a preferred embodiment, the invention effects such denaturation in the context of a microfluidic device for the analysis, amplification, or other automated manipulation of nucleic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for capturing a class of nucleic acids comprising (a) providing a population of nucleic acids, wherein the population comprises the class; (b) binding a probe moiety to nucleic acids of the class, thereby forming one or more complexes, wherein the probe moiety is attached to a substrate; and (c) capturing the complex. The method can be implemented in certain embodiments in a structure comprised of one or more reservoirs, preferably wherein the reservoirs include one or more second chambers that are in communication with a first chamber. Preferably, the present invention is used to capture the class of nucleic acids that comprise regulatory elements included in a population of nucleic acids isolated from a cell, tissue, or organism. An alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention involves the capture of the class of nucleic acids that comprises certain repetitive elements included in a population of nucleic acids derived from an organism.

Abstract: The nucleic acid amplification reactions of the present invention are conducted isothermally, using non-thermal denaturation procedures, such as occurs in chemical- or electrostatic-based denaturation. Embodiments are set forth for automated forms of the claimed procedures.

Abstract: The nucleic acid amplification procedures of the present invention provide methods for amplification of a nucleic acid comprised of a first strand, comprising (a) using the first strand to generate copies of a second strand at a first location, (b) moving the copies of the second strand to a second location, and (c) using the copies of the second strand to generate copies of at least a portion of the first strand. Target nucleic acids used in the context of the present method include RNA or DNA, either single stranded or double stranded, using primer extension or joining-type protocols. Embodiments are set forth for automated forms of the claimed procedures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the detection of a polynucleotide using a padlock probe, whereby a hybridization process is combined with ligation to irreversibly capture polynucleotides of interest. The invention relates both to the padlock probe itself, as well as to methods of use, which allow for varying levels of sensitivity due to amplification of signal processes built into the system. Additionally, preferred formats are disclosed for use of the padlock probes, including the use of microfluidics.

Abstract: In one aspect, described are methods of sequencing of polynucleotides using a sequential step procedure. The methods of the invention begin with the provision of a single-stranded polynucleotide template that is annealed with a primer, forming a template-primer complex. The methods of the invention can provide for adding discrete nucleotides by a polymerase to the template-primer complex, where the added nucleotides can be labeled. The methods of the invention can involve the identification of a polynucleotide or polynucleotides having a contiguous non-redundant string or a superimposed non-redundant string pattern. The detection of the presence of a non-redundant contiguous string can be used, for example, to identify a particular gene. Alternatively, for example, if the non-redundant contiguous string is not unique to a particular gene, the string can be used to form a DNA library that can then be searched, for example, with a second string.

Abstract: The invention provides nuclease protection assay comprising: (A) attaching a nucleic acid probe comprising a first nucleotide sequence to a solid surface area; (B) contacting the nucleic acid probe with a nucleic acid template under conditions that promote hybridization between complementary polynucleotides, forming a probe-template complex if the template includes a segment that is complementary to the probe; (C) contacting the probe-template complex with a nuclease effective to selectively cleave the nucleotide bonds of (1) the first nucleotide sequence when the first nucleotide sequence is single stranded or (2) mismatched regions of the first nucleotide sequence when the first nucleotide sequence is in duplex nucleic acid; and (D) detecting the presence of duplex nucleic acids formed by the probe and template nucleic acids by detecting the presence of the first nucleotide sequence.