Abstract: A system for NOx reduction in combustion gases, especially from diesel engines, incorporates an oxidation catalyst to convert at least a portion of NO to NO2, particulate filter, a source of reductant such as NH3 and an SCR catalyst. Considerable improvements in NOx conversion are observed.

Abstract: A method of coating a honeycomb monolith substrate comprising a plurality of channels with a liquid comprising a catalyst component comprises the steps of: (i) holding a honeycomb monolith substrate substantially vertically; (ii) introducing a pre-determined volume of the liquid into the substrate via open ends of the channels at a lower end of the substrate; (iii) sealingly retaining the introduced liquid within the substrate; (iv) inverting the substrate containing the retained liquid; and (v) applying a vacuum to open ends of the channels of the substrate at the inverted, lower end of the substrate to draw the liquid along the channels of the substrate.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a lean burn internal combustion engine comprises a particulate filter (CSF), a first NOx absorbent (NOx(1)) disposed upstream of the filter and a second NOx absorbent (NOx(2)) disposed downstream of the filter.

Abstract: A system for NOx reduction in combustion gases, especially from diesel engines, incorporates an oxidation catalyst to convert at least a portion of NO to NO2, a particulate filter, a source of reductant such as NH3 and an SCR catalyst. Considerable improvements in NOx conversion are observed.

Abstract: An exhaust system(10) for a lean-burn internal combustion engine (12) comprises a first substrate monolith (16) comprising a catalyst for oxidising nitric oxide (NO) comprising a catalytic oxidation component followed downstream by a second substrate monolith (18) which is a wall-flow filter having inlet channels and outlet channels, wherein the inlet channels comprise a NO x absorber catalyst (20) and the outlet channels comprise a catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (22) of nitrogen oxides with nitrogenous reductant.

Abstract: A synthetic alumino silicate zeolite catalyst containing at least one catalytically active transition metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Hf, La, Au, In, V, lanthanides and Group VIII transition metals, which alumino silicate zeolite is a small pore aluminosilicate zeolite having a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms, wherein the mean crystallite size of the aluminosilicate zeolite determined by scanning electron microscope is >0.50 micrometer.

Abstract: A NOx trap comprises components comprising at least one platinum group metal, at least one NOx storage material and bulk ceria or a bulk cerium-containing mixed oxide deposited uniformly in a first layer on a honeycombed substrate monolith, the components in the first layer having a first, upstream, zone having increased activity relative to a second, downstream zone for oxidising hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and a second, downstream, zone having increased activity to generate heat during a desulphation event, relative to the first zone, wherein the second zone comprises a dispersion of rare earth oxide, wherein the rare earth oxide loading in the second zone is greater than the loading in the first zone. An exhaust system for a lean burn internal combustion engine, a vehicle comprising a lean burn internal combustion engine and the exhaust system and methods of making the NOx trap are also disclosed.

Abstract: An exhaust system for a lean burn internal combustion engine includes a particulate filter (CSF), a first NOx absorbent (NOx(1)) disposed upstream of the filter and a second NOx absorbent (NOx(2)) disposed downstream of the filter.

Abstract: A system for NOx reduction in combustion gases, especially from diesel engines, incorporates an oxidation catalyst to convert at least a portion of NO to NO2, a particulate filter, a source of reductant such as NH3 and an SCR catalyst. Considerable improvements in NOx conversion are observed.

Abstract: A system for NOx reduction in combustion gases, especially from diesel engines, incorporates an oxidation catalyst to convert at least a portion of NO to NO2, a particulate filter, a source of reductant such as NH3 and an SCR catalyst. Considerable improvements in NOx conversion are observed.

Abstract: A system for NOx reduction in combustion gases, especially from diesel engines, incorporates an oxidation catalyst to convert at least a portion of NO to NO2, a particulate filter, a source of reductant such as NH3 and an SCR catalyst. Considerable improvements in NOx conversion are observed.

Abstract: A cost-effective solution to remove particulates from diesel, especially light-duty diesel engines incorporates an oxidation catalyst (2) effective to convert NO in the exhaust from the engine to NO2 and a particulate trap (4) which traps no more than 85% by weight of the particulate, optionally by permitting gas to by-pass the trap.

Abstract: A method of selectively catalysing the reduction of NOx in an exhaust gas flowing in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine comprising a filter (40) for particulate matter comprising a catalyst capable of selectively catalysing the reduction of NOx with a reducing agent, which method comprising introducing a reducing agent, or a precursor thereof, into the exhaust gas and contacting the resulting gas with the filter (40).

Abstract: A cost-effective solution to remove particulates from diesel, especially light-duty diesel engines incorporates an oxidation catalyst (2) effective to convert NO in the exhaust from the engine to NO2 and a particulate trap (4) which traps no more than 85% by weight of the particulate, optionally by permitting gas to by-pass the trap.

Abstract: A molten metal submergence device includes a submergence chamber, an inlet pipe, and a vortex breaker. The submergence chamber is defined by a side wall and includes an inlet in communication with an associated molten metal bath and an outlet in communication with the associated molten metal bath. The inlet is positioned in relation to the side wall such that material passing through the inlet is introduced at least substantially tangentially to the side wall. The inlet pipe is in communication with the inlet of the submergence chamber. The inlet pipe is configured to depend from a wall of the submergence chamber within the confines of the side wall. The vortex breaker is disposed in the submergence chamber between the inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: A transfer pipe for molten metal includes a pipe wall comprised of graphite or ceramic. The graphite ceramic pipe wall can be surrounded by a pipe wall comprising a low thermally conductive material. Both the graphite or ceramic pipe wall and the low thermally conductive pipe wall can be encased in a rigid wall, for example steel. The transfer pipe can communicate with a molten metal pump to provide a system for moving molten metal.

Abstract: In the control of pollutants such as NOx in the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, ozone is reacted with NO to form NO2, which is then reduced catalytically to N2.

Abstract: An apparatus for moving a stream of molten metal comprising a pumping member, a housing at least partially enclosing the pumping member, a power device seated on a support, and a shaft connecting the power device and the pumping member. At least one post is disposed between the support and the housing. The post includes an elongated rod comprising a metal alloy surrounded by an outer sheath. An inner member may surround the rod and provide a molten metal resistant barrier. The rod includes a first end connected to the support and a second end secured to the housing. A similar design for a shaft is also provided.

Abstract: Computer monitoring system and corresponding processes. One example provides a host data processing module; adaptively updates the host module with one or more additional data processing modules; and processes a document comprising a plurality of separate data portions, said data portions being intended for processing by different data processing modules, the document processing comprising parsing the document in accordance with a plurality of rules so as to validate the document, wherein the method comprises retrieving a subset of rules, in respect of at least one said data processing module, and building said plurality of rules from said subset. The present invention therefore provides a method of carrying out processing of documents using an adaptable set of data processing modules which act on different portions of the document.

Abstract: A cost-effective solution to removing particulates from diesel, especially light-duty diesel engines incorporates an oxidation catalyst (2) effective to convert NO in the exhaust from the engine to NO2 and a particulate trap (4) which traps no more than 85% by weight of the particulate, optionally by permitting gas to by-pass the trap.