Abstract: Vehicle fuel tank modeling systems and methods are provided herein.

Abstract: Vehicle fuel volume consumption estimation and accuracy analysis systems and methods are provided herein. An example method includes determining a fuel level percentage estimate or a fuel volume estimate for a vehicle at a first point in time and a second point in time for a trip, the fuel level percentage estimate or the fuel volume estimate being determined using a fuel tank model of a fuel tank of a vehicle, determining connected vehicle data that includes a determination of accumulated fuel consumed during the trip, and determining an accuracy of fuel tank model using the fuel level percentage estimate or the fuel volume estimate calculated at the first point in time and the second point in time, as well as the accumulated fuel consumed during the trip.

Abstract: Vehicle fuel volume estimation systems and methods are provided herein. An example method includes determining a fuel level percentage value for a vehicle, determining a vehicle identification number (VIN) of the vehicle, determining a fuel tank part number using the VIN, converting the fuel level percentage value into a fuel volume value based on the fuel tank part number, and transmitting a message to a recipient, the message that includes the fuel volume value.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a shaped charge liner including an apex end and a base end and defining a main liner axis that passes through the apex and base ends, the liner being rotationally symmetric about the main liner axis wherein the liner has discrete rotational symmetry about the main liner axis.

Abstract: An oil and gas well shaped charge perforator capable of providing an exothermic reaction after detonation is provided, comprising a housing (2), a high explosive (3), and a reactive liner (6) where the high explosive is positioned between the reactive liner and the housing. The reactive liner (6) is produced from a reactive composition which is capable of sustaining an exothermic reaction during the formation of the cutting jet. The composition is a pressed i.e. compacted particulate composition comprising at least two metals, wherein one of the metals is present as spherical particulate, and the other metal is present as a non-spherical particulate. There may also be at least one further metal, which is not capable of an exothermic reaction with the reactive composition, present in an amount greater than 10% w/w of the liner. To aid consolidation a binder may also be added.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a shaped charge liner including an apex end and a base end and defining a main liner axis that passes through the apex and base ends, the liner being rotationally symmetric about the main liner axis wherein the liner has discrete rotational symmetry about the main liner axis.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a shaped charge liner including an apex end and a base end and defining a main liner axis that passes through the apex and base ends, the liner being rotationally symmetric about the main liner axis wherein the liner has discrete rotational symmetry about the main liner axis.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a respirator. The respirator includes a mask structure comprising one or more layers, multiple folds, and a contact surface region, and the one or more layers include a filtration layer. Meanwhile, the respirator includes an attachment mechanism coupled to the mask structure. The attachment mechanism is operable to couple the mask structure to a face region of a user. The user has a maxilla bone having a first frontal process and a second frontal process, and when the mask structure is coupled to the face region of the user by the attachment mechanism, the multiple folds conform the contact surface region to the face region of the user over the first frontal process of the maxilla bone and over the second frontal process of the maxilla bone. Other embodiments of related respirators and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A powertrain controller of a vehicle provides a fuel pump actuator signal indicative of fuel flow to a vehicle bus. A processor is configured to receive data from the vehicle bus. The processor performs an integration of the actuator signal to accumulate fuel usage of the vehicle, and periodically sends the accumulated fuel usage, vehicle speed, engine speed, engine status, and vehicle location to a remote server. A subset of accumulated fuel usage is retrieved for a set of the vehicles of a fleet traversing a route during a timeframe, the accumulated fuel usage compiled from fuel pump actuator signals. Fuel waste is computed for identified idle time periods within the accumulated fuel usage. Monetary waste is computed from the fuel waste. A report is generated including the monetary waste.

Abstract: An oil and gas well shaped charge perforator capable of providing an exothermic reaction after detonation is provided, comprising a housing (2), a high explosive (3), and a reactive liner (6) where the high explosive is positioned between the reactive liner and the housing. The reactive liner (6) is produced from a reactive composition which is capable of sustaining an exothermic reaction during the formation of the cutting jet. The composition is a pressed i.e. compacted particulate composition comprising at least two metals, wherein one of the metals is present as spherical particulate, and the other metal is present as a non-spherical particulate. There may also be at least one further metal, which is not capable of an exothermic reaction with the reactive composition, present in an amount greater than 10% w/w of the liner. To aid consolidation a binder may also be added.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a shaped charge liner including an apex end and a base end and defining a main liner axis that passes through the apex and base ends, the liner being rotationally symmetric about the main liner axis wherein the liner has discrete rotational symmetry about the main liner axis.

Abstract: An oil and gas well shaped charge perforator capable of providing an exothermic reaction after detonation is provided, comprising a housing (2), a high explosive (3), and a reactive liner (6) where the high explosive is positioned between the reactive liner and the housing. The reactive liner (6) is produced from a reactive composition which is capable of sustaining an exothermic reaction during the formation of the cutting jet. The composition is a pressed i.e. compacted particulate composition comprising at least two metals, wherein one of the metals is present as spherical particulate, and the other metal is present as a non-spherical particulate. There may also be at least one further metal, which is not capable of an exothermic reaction with the reactive composition, present in an amount greater than 10% w/w of the liner. To aid consolidation a binder may also be added.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a shaped charge liner including an apex end and a base end and defining a main liner axis that passes through the apex and base ends, the liner being rotationally symmetric about the main liner axis wherein the liner has discrete rotational symmetry about the main liner axis.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to a shaped charge liner including an apex end and a base end and defining a main liner axis that passes through the apex and base ends, the liner being rotationally symmetric about the main liner axis wherein the liner has discrete rotational symmetry about the main liner axis.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a respirator. The respirator includes a mask structure comprising one or more layers, multiple folds, and a contact surface region, and the one or more layers include a filtration layer. Meanwhile, the respirator includes an attachment mechanism coupled to the mask structure. The attachment mechanism is operable to couple the mask structure to a face region of a user. The user has a maxilla bone having a first frontal process and a second frontal process, and when the mask structure is coupled to the face region of the user by the attachment mechanism, the multiple folds conform the contact surface region to the face region of the user over the first frontal process of the maxilla bone and over the second frontal process of the maxilla bone. Other embodiments of related respirators and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for modifying an airfoil shroud located at a tip of an airfoil is provided. A locating step locates a reference location in a first end edge. The reference location includes a portion of a fillet. A seal rail extends circumferentially along a radially outer surface of the airfoil shroud. The fillet extends along the radially outer surface and is positioned directly adjacent to the seal rail. A forming step forms a compound relief cut in the fillet without performing a weld process on the airfoil shroud to remove the reference location. The compound relief cut has a first cut having a first radius extending from the seal rail towards the first end edge, and a second cut having a second radius extending from an end of the first cut to the first end edge. Modifying the airfoil shroud is complete following forming the compound relief cut.

Abstract: A device for determining an intraocular pressure of an eye is disclosed. The device comprises; (a) a housing; (b) a plunger axially movable within the housing, a first end of the plunger having a tip for contacting the eye; (c) an indicator arm operatively connected to a second end of the plunger; (d) a measurement gauge for indicating the intraocular pressure of the eye; and (e) a resilient biasing member for biasing the plunger towards an extended position in which the plunger tip protrudes beyond the housing and the indicator arm is biased towards a first position on the measurement gauge. Applying pressure to the eye via the plunger tip causes the intraocular pressure of the eye to exert an opposing force on the plunger tip causing the plunger to retract into the housing to cause a reciprocal movement of the indicator arm towards a second position thereby indicating the intraocular pressure of the eye on the measurement gauge.

Abstract: A powertrain controller of a vehicle provides a fuel pump actuator signal indicative of fuel flow to a vehicle bus. A processor is configured to receive data from the vehicle bus. The processor performs an integration of the actuator signal to accumulate fuel usage of the vehicle, and periodically sends the accumulated fuel usage, vehicle speed, engine speed, engine status, and vehicle location to a remote server. A subset of accumulated fuel usage is retrieved for a set of the vehicles of a fleet traversing a route during a timeframe, the accumulated fuel usage compiled from fuel pump actuator signals. Fuel waste is computed for identified idle time periods within the accumulated fuel usage. Monetary waste is computed from the fuel waste. A report is generated including the monetary waste.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a respirator. The respirator includes a mask structure comprising one or more layers, multiple folds, and a contact surface region, and the one or more layers include a filtration layer. Meanwhile, the respirator includes an attachment mechanism coupled to the mask structure. The attachment mechanism is operable to couple the mask structure to a face region of a user. The user has a maxilla bone having a first frontal process and a second frontal process, and when the mask structure is coupled to the face region of the user by the attachment mechanism, the multiple folds conform the contact surface region to the face region of the user over the first frontal process of the maxilla bone and over the second frontal process of the maxilla bone. Other embodiments of related respirators and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for modifying an airfoil shroud located at a tip of an airfoil is provided. A locating step locates a reference location in a first end edge. The reference location includes a portion of a fillet. A seal rail extends circumferentially along a radially outer surface of the airfoil shroud. The fillet extends along the radially outer surface and is positioned directly adjacent to the seal rail. A forming step forms a compound relief cut in the fillet without performing a weld process on the airfoil shroud to remove the reference location. The compound relief cut has a first cut having a first radius extending from the seal rail towards the first end edge, and a second cut having a second radius extending from an end of the first cut to the first end edge. Modifying the airfoil shroud is complete following forming the compound relief cut.