Abstract: A frozen chlorine dioxide-containing composition comprising a metal chlorite and a protic acid in a frozen aqueous matrix made by freezing a substantially chlorine dioxide-free aqueous solution comprising a metal chlorite at a concentration ranging from about 0.0005% to about 0.5% by weight and a protic acid at a concentration sufficient to lower the pH of the aqueous solution to a value of about 1.8 to about 5.0. The frozen chlorine dioxide-containing composition has a chlorine dioxide concentration of more than about 3 ppm, while the aqueous solution prior to freezing has a chlorine dioxide concentration less than about 3 ppm. The frozen chlorine dioxide-containing composition is used to disinfect substrates by contacting the same with the frozen chlorine dioxide-containing composition. Suitable substrates include food intended for human or animal consumption, such as meat, fish and poultry.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for disinfecting bee colonies for preventing or treating diseases in honey bees, honey bee larvae and honey bee hives are disclosed. Such diseases may arise from a variety of sources, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and parasites in the hive. Representative diseases preventable or treatable by this invention include Foulbrood and Chalkbrood. The compositions of the present invention include a protic acid and a chlorite ion, and may further include other optional components such as a gelling agent, colorant and/or preservative. Methods disclosed herein include applying the composition to a surface of a bee-hive. Honey produced by bees administered a composition of this invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for disinfecting a meat carcass by spray application of an aqueous solution containing from about 0.05-0.12% of a metal chlorite and a sufficient quantity of an acid having a pK.sub.a of from about 2.0-4.4 to adjust the pH of the aqueous solution to about 2.2-4.5 and to maintain the chlorite ion concentration in the form of chlorous acid to not more than about 35% by weight of the aqueous solution, the molar ratio of the acid to metal chlorite being at least equal to the first pK.sub.a of the acid multiplied by the grams/liter concentration of metal chlorite in the aqueous solution. In one embodiment, the meat carcass is poultry.

Abstract: A novel chelate complex allows the formation of stable solutions of molecular chlorine dioxide. The chelate complexes are composed of the electron-deficient chlorine dioxide molecule, which can accept an electron, and a chelating agent, which can contribute its available electrons to the accepting orbital of the chlorine dioxide molecule. Both active and passive methods of releasing the chlorine dioxide from such chelates by competitive displacement with selected metal cations are presented. In this manner a stabilized solution of molecular chlorine dioxide can be stored until needed and the chlorine dioxide released at time of use for cleaning, disinfection or other uses.

Abstract: A method for removing lice eggs from the hair of an infested human or animal using a nit-visualizing composition. The composition involves the use of certain dyes which have an affinity to the surface of nits, to thereby enable a second individual to more easily see and remove the eggs during a combing or other removal process. To effectuate this purpose, a colored material is dispersed within a water- or alcohol-based solvent and, in one embodiment, a liquefied propellant as well. The composition is applied to the hair of the infested human or animal, and then removed after drying by a process of brushing or washing. However, the colored material which adsorbs to the chitinous exoskeleton and binding cement of the lice eggs remains on the nits, thereby facilitating visual identification and removal of the lice eggs from hair.

Abstract: An antimicrobial and deodorizing composition is disclosed, which includes an aqueous solution having at least one acid-inducing metal salt and a metal chlorite and no protic acid. The aqueous solution has a pH less than about 7. The acidity-inducing metal salt, preferably, includes a iron cation, an aluminum cation, a gadolinium cation, a vanadium cation, a zirconium cation or a zinc cation, and anions sufficient for rendering said metal salt electrically neutral and water-soluble. The metal chlorite may, preferably, be sodium chlorite. Various methods for use of the composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the treatment of mammalian skin lesions are provided. The compositions contain a protic acid and a chlorite ion, and may be applied topically to a lesion to promote healing. The compositions and methods are particularly useful in the dairy industry for the treatment of bovine hairy heel warts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery that the oral malodorant reduction activity of stabilized chlorine dioxide solutions and chlorite solutions may be significantly enhanced through the use of oral-cavity pre-conditioning solutions such as fruit juices, natural fruit-acid solutions and a number of commercial soft drinks which have pH's below about 6. The liquids predispose the oral surfaces and tissues of the mouth and the malodorant molecules associated with these surfaces to be more reactive to and/or affected by the subsequent exposure to the stabilized chlorine dioxide and chlorite oral rinse solutions.

Abstract: Methods for preventing and treating microbial infections in the mammalian female lower genital tract such as vulvitis, vaginitis, cervicitis, and endometritis involve the intra-vaginal and/or intra-uterine infusion of a solution containing a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and chlorine dioxide in an amount ranging from about 5 ppm to 1000 ppm, and having a chlorine dioxide to chlorite ratio of at least 5:1. Typical solutions exhibit a pH compatible with the lower genital tract, e.g., a pH from about 5 to about 7.5. In many embodiments, chlorine dioxide in the solution is produced by reacting a chlorite with a mineral acid and adjusting the pH, by reacting a chlorite with an organic acid having a pK of about 2.8 to 4.2, or by reacting a chlorite at a pH below about 5.5 with a heat-activated saccharide in the presence of an organic acid having a pK of about 2.8 to about 4.2. Sodium chlorite is employed in preferred embodiments.

Abstract: Disinfecting compositions directed to the prevention of microbial infections are disclosed. The disinfecting compositions comprise a protic acid, a metal chlorite and a gelling agent which, when combined, provide an effective adherent matrix that acts as a disinfectant barrier for preventing transmission and propagation of microbial infections. The gelling agent includes at least 15% polyacrylamide. The compositions of this invention may be used as teat disinfectants, specifically for use in the dairy industry.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for sterilizing hemodialysis apparatus, particularly for reprocessing dialyzers in a manner that minimizes membrane perforations. The compositions contain a protic acid and a metal chlorite, and have a pH of at least about 2.3 and no greater than 4.2. Methods of this invention include contacting both the blood side and the dialysate side of a dialysis membrane with the composition, followed by first displacing the composition on the dialysate side with water or an aqueous alkali buffer having a pH in excess of about 6.0, such that the pH of the composition on the blood side of the dialysis membrane increases to at least about 5.0. The composition on the blood side is then displaced with saline. In a further embodiment, the composition has a pH ranging from 3.3 to 4.2, and the amount of chlorite ion in the form of chlorous acid ranges from 0.5% to 5.0% by weight of the total amount of chlorite ion in the composition.

Abstract: Methods for preventing and treating microbial wound infections, especially of peritoneal cavity wounds including those having indwelling catheters, and enhancing wound repair while minimizing adhesions and scar formation involve the infusion or irrigation of the wound with a solution containing a pharmacologically acceptable carrier and chlorine dioxide in an amount ranging from about 5 ppm to 1000 ppm, and having a chlorine dioxide to chlorite ratio of at least 5:1. Typical solutions contain chlorine dioxide in isotonic saline and exhibit a pH of from about 5 to about 7.5. Sodium chlorite is employed in preferred embodiments.

Abstract: Disinfecting compositions directed to the prevention of microbial infections are disclosed. The disinfecting compositions comprise a protic acid, a metal chlorite and a gelling agent which, when combined, provide an effective adherent matrix that acts as a disinfectant barrier for preventing transmission and propagation of microbial infections. The gelling agent includes at least 25% polyacrylamide. The compositions of this invention may be used as presurgical disinfectants or as antiseptics for wounds and injection, phlebotomy and catheter insertion sites.

Abstract: A process for removal of bacteria such as Salmonella from fresh poultry and other meats involves contact of the carcass or carcass pieces with an aqueous solution preferably containing about 0.001% to about 0.2% by weight of a metal chlorite and sufficient acid to adjust the pH of the solution from about 2.2 to about 4.5, to maintain the chlorite ion concentration in the form of chlorous acid to not more than about 35% by weight of the total amount of chlorite ion concentration in the solution, and to minimize chlorine dioxide generation and associated discoloration of the meat. Preferred acids are selected such that, when mixed into a 0.1% by weight sodium chlorite solution to adjust the pH to about 2.95 and held for 30 minutes at about 25.degree. C., no more than about 2 ppm chlorine dioxide are generated. In some embodiments, preferred acids are strong inorganic acids such as phosphoric, hydrochloric or sulfuric acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for treating dermatologic diseases caused by microbial overgrowth or inflammation, such as psoriasis, fungal infections, eczema, dandruff, acne, genital herpes lesions, and leg ulcers. There is further disclosed an antiviral lubricating composition that is effective in preventing the transmission of the HIV virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. There is also disclosed systemic anti-inflammatory compositions and formulations and a method for reducing tissue inflammation in tissues such as the bowel, muscle, bone, tendon and joints (e.g., arthritis).

Abstract: There is disclosed methods and compositions for preventing and treating bacterial infections, including mastitis, in the udder of a mammal. The compositions include chlorine dioxide in an amount ranging from 5 ppm to 1000 ppm, and have a chlorine dioxide to chlorite ratio of at least 5:1. Methods of the present invention include the infusion of the composition into the mammal's udder, and the formation of the compositions immediately prior to infusion.

Abstract: There is disclosed, in one aspect, chlorous acid generating compositions useful for disinfecting substrates. The compositions comprise aqueous solutions containing a suitable amount of a protic acid, such as citric or malic acid, and a suitable amount of a metal chlorite, such as sodium chlorite. The chlorite ion concentration which is in the form of chlorous acid in the composition is no more than about 15 percent by weight of the total amount of chlorite ion concentration. In a preferred embodiment, the composition also contains a vicinal dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compound. In another preferred embodiment, the composition contains at least a 10-fold molar excess of a water soluble chloride ion compared to the total concentration of chlorite ion. In another aspect, there is disclosed a process for disinfecting substrates. This process comprises applying the compositions described above to a substrate. In yet another aspect, there is disclosed a process for preparing the compositions described above.

Abstract: The present invention provides low concentration chlorous-acid generating compositions useful for oral hygiene. The compositions are effective oral disinfectants which do not have the strong unpleasant taste of chlorine and are useful in reducing plaque. The invention also concerns processes for making the inventive compositions and methods for using the same.

Abstract: There is disclosed a composition and process for disinfecting or essentially sterilizing blood fractions and components of blood. The composition is formed by adding a chlorine dioxide liberating compound with a weak organic acid and a heat activated saccharide.

Abstract: There is disclosed, in one aspect, chlorous acid generating compositions useful for disinfecting substrates. The compositions comprise aqueous solutions containing a suitable amount of a protic acid, such as citric or malic acid, and a suitable amount of a metal chlorite, such as sodium chlorite. The chlorite ion concentration which is in the form of chlorous acid in the composition is no more than about 15 percent by weight of the total amount of chlorite ion concentration. In a preferred embodiment, the composition also contains a vicinal dihydroxy or polyhydroxy compound. In another preferred embodiment, the composition contains at least a 10-fold molar excess of a water soluble chloride ion compared to the total concentration of chlorite ion. In another aspect, there is disclosed a process for disinfecting substrates. This process comprises applying the compositions described above to a substrate. In yet another aspect, there is disclosed a process for preparing the compositions described above.