Abstract: Alcohols may be obtained by an indirect hydration of olefinic hydrocarbons in which said olefinic hydrocarbon is esterified by treatment with an inorganic acid to form dialkyl and alkyl hydrogen salts. The esters are then hydrolyzed with water, the reconstituted acid is stripped by means of a stripping agent such as nitrogen gas, and the resulting alcohols and ethers are recovered. The alcohol production is separated from the dialkyl ether, the latter then being subjected to further treatment such as thermal decomposition and hydrolysis to form an additional amount of the desired alcohol. The reconstituted inorganic acid may be recycled for use as an esterifying agent without having to reconstitute the acid.

Abstract: Alcohols may be obtained by the indirect hydration of olefinic hydrocarbons in which the olefinic hydrocarbon is esterified by treatment with an organic acid such as acetic acid. The organic esters may then be hydrolyzed by treatment with water to form hydrolysis products comprising alcohols and ethers which may be separated from the reconstituted organic acid. The alcohol products are then separated from the ether product, the latter which may then be further treated by thermal cracking, decomposition, or hydrolysis to form an additional amount of the desired alcohol.

Abstract: Alcohols may be obtained by an indirect hydration of olefinic hydrocarbons in which the olefinic hydrocarbon is first esterified by treatment with an inorganic acid to form dialkyl and alkyl hydrogen salts. These salts are then trans-esterified by treatment with an organic acid to form an organic ester. The reconstituted inorganic acid is separated from this mixture by stripping and recycled, while the organic esters are then treated with water in a hydrolysis step to reconstitute the organic acid and form the desired alcohol and ether. The alcohol product is separated from the ether which may then be further treated by thermal decomposition or hydrolysis to form an additional amount of the desired alcohol.

Abstract: Olefinic hydrocarbons may be hydrated to form corresponding alcohols by treating said olefins with water in the presence of an acidic compound which acts as a catalyst, said hydration reaction being effected at a temperature in the range of from about 100.degree. to about 300.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 1 to about 100 atmospheres. In addition, the reaction medium also contains a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, barium, beryllium and radium, said metal salts suppressing the corrosive nature of the acid catalyst and thus permitting the reaction to be effected in normal metal reactors.

Abstract: Olefinic compounds, and particularly olefinic hydrocarbons, containing from 2 to about 4 carbon atoms may be subjected to a direct hydration process utilizing a dilute aqueous sulfuric acid to treat the olefin at reaction conditions which will include a temperature in the range of from about 100.degree. to about 300.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 1 to about 250 atmospheres. In addition, if so desired, a transition metal sulfate may also be present in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Surfacing compositions are provided which comprise a mixture of mineral aggregate, the residuum of a bituminous emulsion and a silane of the formulaR.sup.b -- R.sup.a -- Si -- X.sub.3wherein (a) X represents halogen or alkoxy, (b) R.sup.a represents alkylene and (c) R.sup.b represents amino, aminoalkylene amino, gamma-glycidoxy, hydrocarbyl, acyloxy or mercapto.

Abstract: Surfacing compositions are provided which comprise a mixture of mineral aggregate, asphalt and a silane of the formula:R.sup.b - R.sup.a - Si - X.sub.3wherein (a) X represents halogen or alkoxy, (b) R.sup.a represents alkylene and (c) R.sup.b represents amino, aminoalkylene amino, gamma-glycidoxy, hydrocarbyl, acyloxy or mercapto.

Abstract: Built-up roofing employing precoated felts are inhibited from slipping by the use of bituminous emulsions to bind the felts. A minor amount of a compatible latex is incorporated into the emulsion to increase the adhesion of the bonded felts.