Abstract: A refresh drive circuit for feeding refresh signals to a memory device has a refresh signal generator for generating a continuous sequence of refresh signals with a frequency which decreases as the temperature falls. The refresh drive circuit is connected to the memory device and as the temperature of the memory device falls, the frequency of refresh cycles decreases resulting in a decrease in current consumption.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor memory having memory cells (MC) for storing data signals (DQ), has a memory sense amplifier (2) with an input (21) for a data signal (DQ) of one of the memory cells (MC), and an output (23) for at least one output signal (RD0). A driver circuit (3) is connected to the output (23) of the memory sense amplifier (2). The driver circuit (3) can be activated or deactivated only by the output signal (RD0) of the memory sense amplifier (2). A signal line (4) is connected to the driver circuit (3), a precharging circuit (5) and to a memory circuit (6). A terminal (7) for a control signal (C) is connected to the memory sense amplifier (2), the precharging circuit (5) and the memory circuit (6). As result of a driver circuit (3) which has a relatively low level of circuit complexity, the space requirements are kept relatively small. In addition, high switching speeds are made possible during the reading operation.

Abstract: At least two different submethods for repairing defective memory cells are used sequentially. In the submethods, the memory cells are successively tested in each case, and, directly after a defect has been ascertained, the relevant row line or the relevant column line is replaced by programming one of the redundant lines. The submethods differ in terms of their repair strategy. One submethod is called with a defect-signature which terminates the submethod and contains information about the number of checked memory cells and the repair result. Subsequently, depending on the defect-signature of the preceding submethod, another submethod is called, which initially does not cancel, partially cancels, or entirely cancels, the programming that has been performed.

Abstract: A circuit configuration has memory devices, each containing a programmable element and a volatile memory element. For each of the memory devices, the programmable element is connected to the volatile memory element to store a state of the programmable element in the volatile memory element. A respective memory device has at least one output for checking the respective state of the programmable element in the associated volatile memory element. The memory devices can be addressed individually via a selection circuit to output the states of the programmable element and of the volatile memory element. The information stored in the volatile memory element is retained in this process.

Abstract: In a module with a BIST function to which signal pulses are fed from outside with a tester, a configuration for generating signal impulses of defined lengths includes registers configured to store measured pulse lengths, and a variable delay element configured to measure pulse lengths of externally supplied signal pulses in a training phase. The element has a series circuit of inverters and delay-free signal paths parallel thereto for read/write from/into the registers. AND gates are disposed between a delay-free write signal path and the element and behind an even number of respective inverters, and the output of the AND gates are connected to the registers through the decoder. AND gates are disposed between the delay-free read signal path and the element and behind an even number of respective inverters. One input of the AND gates is connected to the registers through the decoder, another input is connected to the element, and the outputs are connected to the delay-free read signal path.

Abstract: An integrated semiconductor memory having memory cells (MC) for storing data signals (DQ), has a memory sense amplifier (2) with an input (21) for a data signal (DQ) of one of the memory cells (MC), and an output (23) for at least one output signal (RD0). A driver circuit (3) is connected to the output (23) of the memory sense amplifier (2). The driver circuit (3) can be activated or deactivated only by the output signal (RD0) of the memory sense amplifier (2). A signal line (4) is connected to the driver circuit (3), a precharging circuit (5) and to a memory circuit (6). A terminal (7) for a control signal (C) is connected to the memory sense amplifier (2), the precharging circuit (5) and the memory circuit (6). As result of a driver circuit (3) which has a relatively low level of circuit complexity, the space requirements are kept relatively small. In addition, high switching speeds are made possible during the reading operation.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a self-test device which is provided for executing a self-test of the integrated circuit and which has a control output. A program memory is connected to the self-test device for storing at least one test program supplied from outside the integrated circuit. The test program is run by the self-test device during execution of a self-test. The self-test device controls loading of a respective test program to be run into the program memory from outside the integrated circuit through the control output thereof.

Abstract: The integrated semiconductor memory configuration has a plurality of memory cell fields connected to one another by low-resistance supply lines forming a power network. The power network is connected to a voltage generator via a high-resistance supply line. An activated memory cell field is supplied, for the purpose of such activation, by self-buffering from the other memory cell fields (1-5, 7-8).

Abstract: The integrated memory has memory cells which are combined to form individually addressable standard units, and one or more redundant units for replacing one of the standard units on an address basis. The memory also has a self-test unit for performing a function test on the memory cells and for performing an analysis as to which of the standard units is to be replaced by a respective redundant unit. There is also a first memory unit for storing the address, determined by the self-test unit, of the standard unit which is to be replaced by the redundant unit, and a comparison unit connected to an address bus and to outputs of the first memory unit, for comparing an address present on the address bus with the address stored in the first memory unit. The comparison unit activates the redundant unit if a match is recognized. The first memory unit has at least one output which is connected to a corresponding output of the integrated circuit for outputting the respectively stored address.

Abstract: The device for generating digital signal levels can be used for signals of various logic standards. A voltage terminal for feeding an external reference voltage is provided as well as an internal voltage generator. An internal reference voltage of the voltage generator can be selectively connected to the device via a switch. The switch is actuated by a level converter. Coupling elements prevent faults caused by the supply voltage.

Abstract: The invention provides dry cleaning liquid formulations and methods for their use based on a highly fluorinated organic solvent which contains at least one hydrogen atom per molecule, in particular, highly fluorinated hydrocarbons or highly fluorinated ethers. In a preferred embodiment the cleaning liquid contains an HFC or HFE in combination with dichloroethylene. The addition of a surfactant enhances the ability of the liquid to remove water-soluble soils.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for recycling a water-displacement process fluid that includes an organic liquid and a surfactant, the boiling point of which exceeds that of the organic liquid, maintains a sufficient quantity of organic liquid such that water displaced into the organic liquid is evaporated at least as fast as it is introduced. If the water and the organic liquid are immiscible and exhibit different densities, the resulting condensate can be separated into constituent phases by decanting. The condensed organic liquid and unevaporated surfactant are then available for recycling.

Abstract: A cleaning system and method adapted for removal of small particles from solid substrates is disclosed. In one implementation, the system employs two on-line particle counters to measure particle concentrations in an incoming stream of filtered cleaning liquid, providing a baseline measurement, and in the outgoing or recirculation stream that has already made contact with the article to be cleaned. Comparison of the two measurements over time provides an accurate indication of the degree of particle removal, which is reported to the user and/or employed to control the cleaning cycle. In another implementation, the system employs a single detector that measures the magnitude of a signal (e.g., radioactivity) emitted by the particles; this signal continuously indicates the number of particles remaining on the substrate.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon coupling agents are used in conjunction with highly fluorinated or, alternatively, hydrocarbon carrier liquids to remove refractory soils from solid substrates. To remove hydrocarbon soils, such as oils and greases, the coupling agent is combined with a highly fluorinated carrier liquid and the substrate exposed thereto. To remove fluorocarbon soils, a hydrocarbon carrier is used instead.

Abstract: A liftable cover assembly for the bed of a truck having sidewalls and a tail gate. The cover assembly comprises a rigid cover panel sized to encompass the entire truck bed, plural support legs for the cover panel, a height establishing mechanism, and a locking mechanism. The support legs comprise a pair of generally U-shaped members pivotally mounted on the sidewalls and pivotally connected to the cover panel to enable the cover panel to be lifted from a lower or closed position, wherein it is horizontally disposed over the bed on the sidewalls and the tailgate, to a raised or open position, wherein it is disposed and held horizontally a predetermined distance above the sidewalls. The height establishing mechanism is adjustable to establish various predetermined distances that the cover may be disposed over the truck bed in the open position. The locking mechanism includes an actuatable handle and plural associated latches for locking the cover panel in the closed position.

Abstract: A method for the removal of sub-micron contaminant particles from a surface, such as the surface of a semiconductor wafer. The method comprises washing the contaminated surface in a cleaning solution of a high-molecular-weight highly-fluorinated organic surfactant in a non-ionic highly-fluorinated organic carrier. The surface is then rinsed with a rinsing liquid, which is also a highly-fluorinated organic liquid, and which may be the same as the carrier liquid. In a preferred embodiment, a cascade rinsing method is provided in which the rinsing liquid for each rinsing step is the effluent of the subsequent rinsing step. In a further embodiment, the rinsing liquid has a lower boiling point than the surfactant to permit regeneration of the rinsing liquid by distillation of rinse effluent.

Abstract: A method for preparing a stable sodium carbonate micro dispersion in hexane by subjecting a starting material composed of a colloidal sodium carbonate dispersion in oil to the steps of flocculation, redispersion, centrifugation and vacuum distillation.

Abstract: A retractable bit system that includes a single piece annular core bit that is movable through a drill string (drill stem), had an outer diameter about the same as that of the drill stem, and can be releasably locked to the drill string, an outer barrel assembly for the drill stem that is operable for lockingly engaging the core bit and driving the core bit, bit replacement tools for moving and core bit through the drill string and operable for operating the outer barrel assembly and replacing the bit on the drill string without removing the drill string from a drill hole, a manually operated surface tool removably mounted on the drill string for clampingly engaging a wire line and retracting the wire line to operate the respective one of the bit installation tool and bit retraction tool when the respective tool extends into the outer barrel assembly, and a safety release tool for operating and withdrawing the replacement tools which will uncouple from the replacement tool when more than a predetermined force

Abstract: A method of separating small diameter non-magnetic particles of different densities by using a low magnetic saturation ferrofluid and a high magnetic gradient to produce levitation by overcoming the magnetic attraction of the particles.Application of a constant gradient field of a level below the magnetic saturation level of the ferrofluid forms the ferrofluid into a density gradient column. Each non-magnetic particle levitates to the level inside the ferrofluid having the same apparent density as the particle.The ferrofluid contains magnetic particles with a mean effective core diameter less than about 50 angstroms and a stabilizing agent layer on the particle exceeding about 50 angstroms. Perfluorinated carriers and surfactants are preferred for their relatively high intrinsic density.

Abstract: A method of separating non-magnetic particles of different densities by using a ferrofluid to produce levitation wherein compensation is made for the magnetic attraction or interaction of the particles by removing particles too small for the desired sharpness of separation or by maintaining the ratio of the interaction force to the separation force outside of theoretical limits.