Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for implementing enhanced beamforming training procedures are disclosed. A system includes a transmitter communicating over a wireless link with a receiver. To maintain a high quality of transmission over the wireless link, the transmitter and receiver perform periodic beamforming training procedures to test the various sectors of the transmit and receive antennas. In a wide sector sweep procedure, the transmitter and receiver test wide sectors to find the best wide transmit and receive sectors for transferring data. Then in a narrow sector sweep procedure, narrow sectors within and/or adjacent to the best wide sectors are tested, to find the best narrow sectors. This reduces the amount of sectors that are tested during the enhanced beamforming training procedure by skipping those narrow sectors that are far away from the best wide sectors.

Abstract: A defense device for combating an unmanned aircraft includes a communications device configured for receiving communications information transmitted by at least one external signal source, an emitting device configured for producing and emitting a high-energy electromagnetic pulse in the event of triggering of the emitting device, and a control device configured to trigger the emission of the high-energy electromagnetic pulse depending on communications information received by the communications device. A protective configuration for combating an unmanned aircraft and a method for operating a protective configuration are also provided.

Abstract: A high-power electromagnetic source for HPEM pulses in a desired radiation direction includes at least three antennas fixed in relation to one another for pulse components, wherein at least two groups of antennas with a respective main direction are present, and a control unit for the activation and phase position of the pulse components for the superimposition for the HPEM pulse, wherein the current radiation direction of said pulse is selectable in an angle range around the main direction. A vehicle with an HPEM source has the antennas mounted in a fixed position or a support for the antennas is pivotably mounted on the vehicle. In a method for emitting the HPEM pulse, all antennas are controlled in order to select the radiation direction in the angle range of less than 360°.

Abstract: In a method for generating a transillumination signal of a section of the subsurface, an HPEM radiation source radiates an electromagnetic pulse into the section for the purpose of exciting electromagnetically reactive structures to emit an electromagnetic response signal. For the pulse, a pulse duration of at most 500 ns, a center frequency in the range between 10 MHz and 10 GHz, and a bandwidth in the range from 10% to 150% of the center frequency is set. The transillumination signal is formed as the sum of response signals received at a measuring location. In a method for detecting a cavity in the subsurface, the above method is carried out, and the structures are detected from the transillumination signal with the aid of a detection method, and the cavity is detected if the structures satisfy a detection criterion.

Abstract: A radiation source for emitting an electromagnetic HPEM microwave pulse contains a microwave generator for generating the pulse. The generator has a generator opening for outputting the pulse. A horn structure is provided for shaping the pulse. The horn structure has an input opening, which is connected to the generator opening and is intended to radiate in the pulse, and an emission opening for emitting the shaped pulse. The generator contains at least two pulse sources for respectively generating a pulse component. The pulse is the sum of the pulse components. A radiation device contains such a radiation source and a control device for triggering the pulse sources in a temporally synchronized manner for the purpose of respectively emitting a pulse component.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for implementing real-time, low-latency packetization protocols for live compressed video data are disclosed. A wireless transmitter includes at least a codec and a media access control (MAC) layer unit. In order for the codec to communicate with the MAC layer unit, the codec encodes the compression ratio in a header embedded inside the encoded video stream. The MAC layer unit extracts the compression ratio from the header and determines a modulation coding scheme (MCS) for transferring the video stream based on the compression ratio. The MAC layer unit and the codec also implement a feedback loop such that the MAC layer unit can command the codec to adjust the compression ratio. Since the changes to the video might not be implemented immediately, the MAC layer unit relies on the header to determine when the video data is coming in with the requested compression ratio.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for scheduling beamforming training during vertical blanking intervals (VBIs) are disclosed. A system includes a transmitter sending a video stream over a wireless link to a receiver. The wireless link between the transmitter and the receiver has capacity characteristics that fluctuate with variations in the environment. To combat the fluctuating capacity characteristics of the link, the transmitter and the receiver perform periodic beamforming training procedures to determine whether to adjust the beamforming characteristics of their respective antennas. To avoid interfering with the video data being sent, the system waits until a VBI to perform a beamforming training procedure. If the beamforming training procedure cannot be completed in a single VBI, then multiple VBIs can be used for performing separate portions of the beamforming training procedure. In one embodiment, the system can perform a beamforming training procedure every N VBIs, where N is a positive integer.

Abstract: A defense device for combating an unmanned aircraft includes a communications device configured for receiving communications information transmitted by at least one external signal source, an emitting device configured for producing and emitting a high-energy electromagnetic pulse in the event of triggering of the emitting device, and a control device configured to trigger the emission of the high-energy electromagnetic pulse depending on communications information received by the communications device. A protective configuration for combating an unmanned aircraft and a method for operating a protective configuration are also provided.

Abstract: A device for generating microwaves has a plurality of separately controlled microwave generators. Each of the generators includes a resonator, each with a capacitor structure formed with two electrodes that are separated by a spark gap. A high voltage supply charges the individual capacitor structures, which can be discharged by a breakdown of the spark gap. The individual capacitor structures are charged up by way of the high voltage supply device to a voltage that lies below the breakdown voltage of the individual spark gaps. A triggering device for triggering a breakdown of the respective spark gap is associated with each spark gap and the triggering devices are individually controlled by a common control device.

Abstract: A device for generating microwaves has a plurality of separately controlled microwave generators. Each of the generators includes a resonator, each with a capacitor structure formed with two electrodes that are separated by a spark gap. A high voltage supply charges the individual capacitor structures, which can be discharged by a breakdown of the spark gap. The individual capacitor structures are charged up by way of the high voltage supply device to a voltage that lies below the breakdown voltage of the individual spark gaps. A triggering device for triggering a breakdown of the respective spark gap is associated with each spark gap and the triggering devices are individually controlled by a common control device.

Abstract: Processes for making press-in-place (PIP) gaskets. Representative components with gasket cavities (grooves) are prepared and the cavities are filled with a curable molding material. Once the molded gaskets are hardened, they are removed from the cavities. The molded sample gaskets are then measured, preferably by a laser scanner, and drawings are prepared based on the measurement data. Appropriate tooling is then created and the gaskets are produced.

Abstract: Implementations of actuators and capacitor-based position sensors for monitoring and controlling positioning of the actuators are provided, including implementations of actuators that use flexures to provide support to actuators and pivoting mechanisms to the actuators. Such actuators can be electromagnetically activated actuators that include a magnet stator and a coil rotor mounted on a flexure. A positioning sensor, such as a capacitor sensor, is provided to measure and monitor positioning of the actuator and is coupled to a feedback circuit which uses the measured positioning of the actuator to control the actuator.

Abstract: A method and a configuration are provided for generating high-energy microwave pulses, in particular based on HPEM technology. The objects include, on the one hand. increasing the energy density of pulses and, on the other hand, also making the relevant appliances more compact. For that purpose, a large-area configuration of a multiplicity of, preferably non-linear, semiconductor components is used in the area of the antenna, for pulse shaping.

Abstract: Implementations of actuators and capacitor-based position sensors for monitoring and controlling positioning of the actuators are provided, including implementations of actuators that use flexures to provide support to actuators and pivoting mechanisms to the actuators. Such actuators can be electromagnetically activated actuators that include a magnet stator and a coil rotor mounted on a flexure. A positioning sensor, such as a capacitor sensor, is provided to measure and monitor positioning of the actuator and is coupled to a feedback circuit which uses the measured positioning of the actuator to control the actuator.

Abstract: A microwave generator has a resonator with two mutually spaced resonator electrodes. The resonator electrodes provide a spark gap device which breaks down upon the application of a firing voltage between them. The spark gap device has at least two parallel-connected spark gaps.

Abstract: Implementations of actuators that use flexures to provide support to actuators and pivoting mechanisms to the actuators. Such actuators can be electromagnetically activated actuators that include a magnet stator and a coil rotor mounted on a flexure. A positioning sensor, such as a capacitor sensor, is provided to measure and monitor positioning of the actuator and is coupled to a feedback circuit which uses the measured positioning of the actuator to control the actuator.

Abstract: Implementations of actuators that use flexures to provide support to actuators and pivoting mechanisms to the actuators. Such actuators can be electromagnetically activated actuators that include a magnet stator and a coil rotor mounted on a flexure. A positioning sensor, such as a capacitor sensor, is provided to measure and monitor positioning of the actuator and is coupled to a feedback circuit which uses the measured positioning of the actuator to control the actuator.

Abstract: A method and a configuration are provided for generating high-energy microwave pulses, in particular based on HPEM technology. The objects include, on the one hand. increasing the energy density of pulses and, on the other hand, also making the relevant appliances more compact. For that purpose, a large-area configuration of a multiplicity of, preferably non-linear, semiconductor components is used in the area of the antenna, for pulse shaping.

Abstract: A microwave generator includes a resonator which has two mutually opposite resonator electrodes formed with a spark gap device that breaks down when an ignition voltage is applied. In order to provide the microwave generator with increased power, in which the resonator can be operated at relatively high ignition voltages or field strengths, the spark gap device has at least two spark gaps connected in series.

Abstract: A microwave generator (10) having a hollow central electrode (12) with a front face including hollow emmission element (18), and having an outer electrode (14), which coaxially surrounds the central electrode (12) along an axially extending resonator section (16). The two electrodes (12, 14) define a spark gap (36) and are connected to a high-voltage source (38). An ultracompact microwave generator (10) is implemented by the high-voltage source (38) being arranged in the hollow central electrode (12) of the microwave generator (10) rather than on the outside thereof.