Abstract: A multi-layer micro-wire structure includes first and second substrates having first and second layers extending to first and second layer edges, respectively. The first layer includes first micro-wire electrodes and first connection pads. Each first micro-wire electrode includes one or more electrically connected first micro-wires and each first connection pad electrically connects to a corresponding first micro-wire electrode. The second layer includes second micro-wire electrodes and second connection pads. Each second micro-wire electrode includes one or more electrically connected second micro-wires, and each second connection pad electrically connects to a corresponding second micro-wire electrode. The second layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate and the second layer edge extends at least partly beyond the first layer edge so that one or more of the second connection pads is located between at least a portion of the first layer edge and the second layer edge.

Abstract: A multi-layer biocidal structure includes a support. A structured bi-layer is located on or over the support. The bi-layer includes a first cured layer on or over the support and a second layer on or over the first cured layer on a side of the first cured layer opposite the support. The structured bi-layer has at least one depth greater than the thickness of the second layer. Multiple biocidal particles are located only in the first cured layer.

Abstract: A method of making a micro-wire circuit structure adapted for wrapping includes providing a display and a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate includes a plurality of electrically conductive micro-wires on, in, or adjacent to a common side of the flexible substrate and forming micro-wire electrodes in a touch portion of the flexible substrate. One or more electrical circuits is located on or in a circuit portion of the flexible substrate and one or more micro-wires electrically connects the one or more electrical circuits to corresponding micro-wire electrodes. The flexible substrate is located in relation to the display with the touch portion located adjacent to a display viewing side, the circuit portion located adjacent to a display back side, and an edge portion of the flexible substrate wrapping around a display edge from the display viewing side to the display back side.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing a thin film on a substrate using atmospheric pressure atomic-layer deposition includes a chamber having an atmosphere and a moveable substrate. A stationary support is located in the chamber that supports the moveable substrate. A pressurized-fluid source provides a compound fluid flow including an inert fluid surrounding a reactive fluid that flows simultaneously through the stationary support and impinges on at least a portion of the moveable substrate to fluidically levitate the moveable substrate and expose the moveable substrate to the compound fluid flow to deposit a thin film on the moveable substrate.

Abstract: A method of making an imprinted electronic sensor structure on a substrate for sensing an environmental factor includes coating, imprinting, and curing a curable layer on the substrate to form a plurality of spatially separated micro-channels extending from the layer surface into the cured layer. First and second layers are located in each micro-channel to form a multi-layer micro-wire. Either the first layer is a cured electrical conductor forming a conductive layer located only within the micro-channel and the second layer is a reactive layer or the first layer is a reactive layer and the second layer is a cured electrical conductor forming a conductive layer located only within the micro-channel. The reactive layer is exposed to the environmental factor and at least a portion of the reactive layer responds to the environmental factor.

Abstract: A thin film deposition system for depositing a thin film on a moveable substrate using atmospheric pressure atomic-layer deposition includes a chamber and a moveable substrate having a levitation stabilizing structure located on the moveable substrate that defines an enclosed interior impingement area of the moveable substrate. A stationary support, located in the chamber, supports the moveable substrate. The stationary support extends beyond the enclosed interior impingement area. A pressurized-fluid source provides a fluid flow through the stationary support that impinges on the moveable substrate within the enclosed interior impingement area of the moveable substrate sufficient to levitate the moveable substrate and expose the moveable substrate to the fluid while restricting the lateral motion of the moveable substrate with the levitation stabilizing structure.

Abstract: A method for depositing a thin film on a moveable substrate using atmospheric pressure atomic-layer deposition provides a chamber including a stationary support, through which fluid flows, that supports a moveable substrate. A moveable substrate includes a levitation stabilizing structure on the substrate that defines an enclosed interior impingement area of the substrate. The moveable substrate is positioned proximate to the stationary support so that the stationary support extends beyond the enclosed interior impingement area and the fluid flow is directed within the enclosed interior impingement area of the moveable substrate.

Abstract: An atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment system includes a plasma source including an AC power supply, at least one electrode, and a gas in a gas chamber. A radial-flow surface has a jet nozzle through which the gas flows. A pre-cursor distributor feeds one or more precursor chemicals into the gas flow.

Abstract: An atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment system includes a plasma source including at least one electrode, a gas in a gas chamber, and an AC power supply that supplies power to the at least one electrode to form a plasma in the gas. A radial-flow surface has a jet nozzle through which the gas flows and the radial-flow surface has a surface profile that conforms to a nonplanar treatment surface of an object. The radial-flow surface is separated from the nonplanar treatment surface by a gap that is less than 2 times a diameter of the jet nozzle so that the gas flows radially outward from the nozzle and between the radial-flow surface and the nonplanar treatment surface.

Abstract: An atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment system includes a plasma source including at least one electrode, a gas in a gas chamber, and an AC power supply that supplies power to the at least one electrode to form a plasma in the gas. A radial-flow surface has a jet nozzle through which the gas flows, the jet nozzle having a diameter and the radial-flow surface having an effective minimum radius that is at least two times greater than the nozzle diameter, and the radial-flow surface separated from a treatment surface of an object by a gap that is less than or equal to two times the nozzle diameter so that the gas flows radially outward from the jet nozzle and between the radial-flow surface and the treatment surface.

Abstract: A multi-layer biocidal structure includes a support and a structured bi-layer on or over the support. The structured bi-layer includes a first cured layer on or over the support and a second layer in a spatial relationship to the first cured layer on a side of the first cured layer opposite the support. The structured bi-layer has at least one depth greater than the thickness of the second layer. Multiple biocidal particles are located only in the second layer.

Abstract: A conductive micro-channel structure includes a layer having layer edges and an electrode having first and second portions formed in or under the layer. One or more fluid micro-channels are formed in the layer, expose the first portion of the electrode, and extend to a layer edge to form a fluid port. A conductor micro-channel includes a solid conductor in the conductor micro-channel. The solid conductor is electrically conductive, is electrically connected to the second portion of the electrode, and extends from the second portion to a layer edge to form a conductor port.

Abstract: A three-dimensional micro-channel structure includes a plurality of layers arranged in a stack, each layer having one or more separate micro-channels having first, second, and third ports spatially aligned in the stack so that the first, second, or third ports each form one or more first, second, or third contiguous areas, respectively, that do not include other ports. Each of the contiguous areas includes at least one port from each of two or more layers in the stack. One or more pipes having an open side each covers only one contiguous area.

Abstract: A biocidal article includes a support having a first side and an opposing second side. A polymer layer including a polymer is adhered to the first side of the support; the polymer layer has an average layer thickness and a top surface. A plurality of biocidal particles are fixed within the polymer layer, the biocidal particles are coated by the polymer, the biocidal particles have a median particle diameter less than or equal to two microns, and the biocidal particles include a metal salt having soluble constituents. The average layer thickness is less than or equal to two times the median particle diameter, at least some of the biocidal particles extend beyond the average layer thickness from the support, and the polymer forms a semi-permeable membrane through which the soluble constituents percolate to the top surface.

Abstract: A method of making a micro-channel electrode structure includes providing a curable layer and imprinting the curable layer to form an electrode micro-channel and a fluid micro-channel in a common step. The electrode micro-channel intersects the fluid micro-channel to form a micro-channel intersection. The curable layer is cured to form an imprinted cured layer. Both the electrode and the fluid micro-channels are filled with a developable material that is exposed with an electrode pattern including the electrode micro-channel and extending from the electrode micro-channel into the micro-channel intersection without occluding the fluid micro-channel. The exposed developable material is developed to remove the developable material from the electrode pattern and the electrode micro-channel and the micro-channel intersection corresponding to the electrode pattern are at least partly filled with a conductive material. At least a portion of the remaining developable material is removed from the fluid micro-channel.

Abstract: A micro-channel electrode structure includes a layer and an electrode micro-channel formed in the layer, the electrode micro-channel having an electrode micro-channel bottom forming the bottom of the electrode micro-channel and an electrode micro-channel top forming the top the electrode micro-channel. The electrode micro-channel is at least partially filled with an electrode that extends along the electrode micro-channel and extends from the electrode micro-channel bottom toward the electrode micro-channel top. A fluid micro-channel adapted to carry a fluid is formed in the layer. An electrical power source is connected to the electrode. The fluid micro-channel intersects the electrode micro-channel in the layer to form a micro-channel intersection and the electrode extends from the electrode micro-channel into the micro-channel intersection without occluding the fluid micro-channel.

Abstract: A method of using a multi-layer biocidal structure includes providing a multi-layer biocidal structure that includes a support and a structured bi-layer on or over the support, the structured bi-layer including a first cured layer on or over the support and a second cured layer on or over the first cured layer on a side of the first cured layer opposite the support. The structured bi-layer has at least one depth greater than the thickness of the second layer and multiple biocidal particles located only in the second cured layer. The multi-layer biocidal structure is located on a surface.

Abstract: A method of making a display device includes providing a first substrate having an array of pixels located in correspondence thereto, the pixels separated by inter-pixel gaps in at least one dimension. A first electrode having a length and width is formed and located over the first substrate and extends across at least a portion of the array of pixels, the first electrode including a plurality of electrically connected micro-wires formed in a first micro-pattern. The method further includes locating the gap micro-wires of the first micro-pattern between the pixels in the inter-pixel gaps so that the gap micro-wires substantially extend continuously along the first electrode length.

Abstract: A method of making an imprinted double-sided structure includes providing a substrate having first and second opposing sides, first and second imprinting stamps each having an imprinting side and a support side with first and second portions, and first and second rollers. A curable layer is formed on each side of the substrate. The imprinting side of each stamp is located facing the corresponding substrate side and each roller is located facing the corresponding first portion of the support side of each imprinting stamp. Simultaneously, the rollers are pressed against the respective first portions and rolled along the respective support surfaces of the first and second stamps from the first portion to the second portion. The first and second curable layers are simultaneously cured to form cured imprinted layers on both sides of the substrate. The first and second stamps are removed.

Abstract: A method of making a multi-layer micro-wire structure includes providing a substrate having a substrate edge and first and second layers formed over the substrate. One or more micro-channels are imprinted in each of the first and second layers and first and second micro-wires located in the imprinted micro-channels, the micro-wires forming at least a portion of an exposed connection pad in each layer. The second layer edge is farther from the substrate edge than the first layer edge for at least a portion of the second layer edge so that the first connection pads are exposed through the second layer.