Abstract: A level converter and circuit arrangement comprising such level converters. The level converter comprises a transistor, an impedance converter, an input voltage connection, an output voltage connection, and a power supply connection. The input voltage connection is connected to a gate terminal of the transistor. The output voltage connection is connected to a source terminal of the transistor and to the power supply connection. A first input terminal of the impedance converter is connected to the source connection or to the gate terminal of the transistor. An output terminal of the impedance converter is connected to the drain terminal of the transistor. The power supply connection is equipped to receive a current from a constant current source. The impedance converter is equipped to keep a source-drain voltage of the transistor at a predefined value using a reference voltage.

Abstract: To perform location-specific services of a broadcasting unit, virtual cells for the location-specific services are set up so that cell data, which define a local cell area, are transmitted to a mobile receiving device via the broadcasting unit. The cell data are stored in the mobile receiving device. The mobile receiving device establishes its current position and determines whether it is located in the cell area. If the mobile receiving device is located in the cell area, the receiving device performs a service assigned to the cell data. The setting up of cells for location-specific services by the broadcasting unit in a multitude of mobile receiving devices in the service area of the broadcasting unit enables geographical areas inside and outside the service area to be slit up into smaller, interactive and virtual service cells and cell clusters in a dynamic and optimal manner.

Abstract: In order to perform location-specific services of a broadcasting unit, virtual cells for the location-specific services are set up so that cell data, which define a local cell area, are transmitted to a mobile receiving device via the broadcasting unit. The cell data are stored in the mobile receiving device. The mobile receiving device establishes its current position and determines whether it is located in the cell area. In the event the mobile receiving device is located in the cell area, the receiving device performs a service assigned to the cell data. The setting up of cells for local-specific services by the broadcasting unit in a multitude of mobile receiving devices in the service area of the broadcasting unit enables geographical areas inside and outside the service area to be slit up into smaller, interactive and virtual service cells and cell clusters in a dynamic and optimal manner according to need and geographical and/or service-specific parameter.

Abstract: A delta-sigma modulator which receives an input signal. The input signal is combined with a feedback signal and the combined signal is filtered by the delta-sigma modulator. The filtered signal is quantized, wherein the feedback signal is generated on the basis of the quantized signal. The quantized signal is output as an output signal. The input signal and/or the filtered signal and/or the feedback signal are filtered in such a way that at least one frequency in an out-of-band frequency range of the input signal is amplified in order to suppress out-of-band quantization noise at the at least one frequency.

Abstract: A method for testing an analog-to-digital converter unit, which is equipped to convert an analog input signal into a digital output signal with the aid of delta-sigma modulation. The method includes: generating an analog input signal; applying a predefined interference signal to the analog input signal and storing the resulting digital output signal as test result; determining that a fault is present if a transfer function of the analog-to-digital converter unit, which is ascertained from the test result and the input signal, has a deviation from a predefined target transfer function that is greater than a predefined reference value, a fault signal being output if a fault is determined.

Abstract: A device for providing a bandgap voltage reference. The device comprises a first switching circuit for providing a first temperature voltage which behaves proportionally to a present temperature, wherein the first switching circuit has two parallel current paths, first and second diode elements being respectively arranged in first and second current paths of the parallel current paths, a second switching circuit for providing a second temperature voltage which behaves in a complementary manner relative to the present temperature, a control circuit which is designed to control a voltage difference between the parallel current paths of the first switching circuit, and a current-bias circuit which is designed to control a ratio of a flow of current through the first diode element to a flow of current through the second diode element, the current-bias circuit comprising a calibration circuit which sets the ratio to a target value.

Abstract: A level converter and circuit arrangement comprising such level converters. The level converter comprises a transistor, an impedance converter, an input voltage connection, an output voltage connection, and a power supply connection. The input voltage connection is connected to a gate terminal of the transistor. The output voltage connection is connected to a source terminal of the transistor and to the power supply connection. A first input terminal of the impedance converter is connected to the source connection or to the gate terminal of the transistor. An output terminal of the impedance converter is connected to the drain terminal of the transistor. The power supply connection is equipped to receive a current from a constant current source. The impedance converter is equipped to keep a source-drain voltage of the transistor at a predefined value using a reference voltage.

Abstract: In order to perform location-specific services of a broadcasting unit, virtual cells for the location-specific services are set up so that cell data, which define a local cell area, are transmitted to a mobile receiving device via the broadcasting unit. The cell data are stored in the mobile receiving device. The mobile receiving device establishes its current position and determines whether it is located in the cell area. In the event the mobile receiving device is located in the cell area, the receiving device performs a service assigned to the cell data. The setting up of cells for local-specific services by the broadcasting unit in a multitude of mobile receiving devices in the service area of the broadcasting unit enables geographical areas inside and outside the service area to be slit up into smaller, interactive and virtual service cells and cell clusters in a dynamic and optimal manner according to need and geographical and/or service-specific parameter.

Abstract: A delta-sigma modulator which receives an input signal. The input signal is combined with a feedback signal and the combined signal is filtered by the delta-sigma modulator. The filtered signal is quantized, wherein the feedback signal is generated on the basis of the quantized signal. The quantized signal is output as an output signal. The input signal and/or the filtered signal and/or the feedback signal are filtered in such a way that at least one frequency in an out-of-band frequency range of the input signal is amplified in order to suppress out-of-band quantization noise at the at least one frequency.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for providing location-specific services. A mobile device may receive from a broadcasting unit, geographic data corresponding to a service region associated with the broadcasting unit, with the geographic data defining a three-dimensional geographic space. A current three-dimensional geographic position of the mobile receiving device may be determined in the mobile receiving device; and based on the current three-dimensional geographic position of the mobile receiving device, presence of the mobile receiving device in the three-dimensional geographic space may be determined. A service provided in the three-dimensional geographic space may then be performed.

Abstract: A method and system for data communication is provided and may include, at a communications terminal, displaying picture objects and/or video objects received from a media center via a communications network. The communications terminal may transmit direction of view information (DoV) of at least one eye of a user of the terminal with respect to the displayed objects from an eye tracker at the communications terminal. The DoV may be determined by detecting a position of a pupil based on light reflected off of the pupil. Subsequent picture objects and/or video objects may be displayed by the communications terminal based on user interests determined from the transmitted DoV information.

Abstract: A payment transaction method between a customer with a portable mobile device and a service point includes determining, at a payment terminal of the service point, a total transaction amount to be paid and a transaction identification that is different from other transaction identifications used for other transactions and assigned to the total transaction amount. The method includes informing the customer about the total transaction amount and the transaction identification. The method includes transmitting, from the payment terminal, the total transaction amount and the transaction identification to a central transaction unit. The method includes transmitting, from the mobile device, the transaction identification without inclusion of the transaction amount to the central transaction unit. The method further includes transmitting from the central transaction unit a payment request including at least the total transaction amount to the mobile device.

Abstract: A method and system for data communication is provided and may include, at a communications terminal, displaying picture objects and/or video objects received from a media center via a communications network. The communications terminal may transmit direction of view information (DoV) of at least one eye of a user of the terminal with respect to the displayed objects from an eye tracker at the communications terminal. The DoV may be determined by detecting a position of a pupil based on light reflected off of the pupil. Subsequent picture objects and/or video objects may be displayed by the communications terminal based on user interests determined from the transmitted DoV information.

Abstract: In order to check the authorization of passengers, the following steps are performed: storing of authorization data, for example of tickets, in an electronic storage area of a portable personal identification module (40) of the user, for example in a chip-card, storing of identification data that are specific to the user's outer appearance in an electronic storage area of the personal identification module (40), contactless transmission of said identification and authorization data in a portable authorization-checking device (90), visual reproduction of said identification and authorization data with a VRD (Virtual Retina Display).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for checking authorization of users. A first electronic device may receive via close range contactless communication, photographic identification data associated with a user of a second electronic device. The photographic identification data may be displayed visually to enable a user of the first electronic device to compare an appearance of the user of the second electronic device for verifying authorization data associated with the user of the second electronic device. The displaying of the photographic identification data may be controlled based on input by the user of the first electronic device, wherein the controlling comprises modifying at least a portion of a displayed image corresponding to the photographic identification data.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for providing location-specific services. A mobile device may receive from a broadcasting unit, geographic data corresponding to a service region associated with the broadcasting unit, with the geographic data defining a three-dimensional geographic space. A current three-dimensional geographic position of the mobile receiving device may be determined in the mobile receiving device; and based on the current three-dimensional geographic position of the mobile receiving device, presence of the mobile receiving device in the three-dimensional geographic space may be determined. A service provided in the three-dimensional geographic space may then be performed.

Abstract: In order to perform location-specific services of a broadcasting unit (3), virtual cells (22, 23, 24) for the location-specific services are set up so that cell data, which define a local cell area, are transmitted to a mobile receiving device (1) via the broadcasting unit (3). The cell data are stored in the mobile receiving device (1). The mobile receiving device (1) establishes its current position (25) and determines whether it is located in the cell area. In the event the mobile receiving device (1) is located in the cell area, the receiving device performs a service assigned to the cell data.

Abstract: A method and system for data communication is provided and may include, at a communications terminal, displaying picture objects and/or video objects received from a media center via a communications network. The communications terminal may transmit direction of view information (DoV) of at least one eye of a user of the terminal with respect to the displayed objects from an eye tracker at the communications terminal. The DoV may be determined by detecting a position of a pupil based on light reflected off of the pupil. Subsequent picture objects and/or video objects may be displayed by the communications terminal based on user interests determined from the transmitted DoV information.

Abstract: Method and system for ordering, loading and using tickets ordered from a reservation center through transmission of order data that includes a number assigned to a mobile communications terminal. The ordered ticket is received via a mobile radio network at the mobile communications terminal, and the ticket is stored. A reading device receives ticket information contactlessly from the mobile communications terminal, and an authorization of a user of the mobile communications terminal is decided based on the ticket information.

Abstract: An originating user captures an original image with mobile equipment. The image is displayed on the originating user's mobile equipment with first annotations. First data information (R1) including the time and the location of the mobile equipment together with information that the first annotations has been displayed is sent to a server. The originating user transmits the image to a second equipment of at least one second user. The image is displayed on the second equipment. Second annotations are displayed to said second user in combination with said image. Second data information (R2) including the time and the location of equipment of the second user together with information that the second annotations has been displayed is sent to the server. The server determines from the location and/or time whether said image is an original image captured by the originating user, or a transmitted image displayed to a second user.