Abstract: A recognition confidence measurement method, medium and system which can more accurately determine whether an input speech signal is an in-vocabulary, by extracting an optimum number of candidates that match a phone string extracted from the input speech signal and estimating a lexical distance between the extracted candidates is provided. A recognition confidence measurement method includes: extracting a phoneme string from a feature vector of an input speech signal; extracting candidates by matching the extracted phoneme string and phoneme strings of vocabularies registered in a predetermined dictionary and; estimating a lexical distance between the extracted candidates; and determining whether the input speech signal is an in-vocabulary, based on the lexical distance.

Abstract: Provided herein is a conductive pattern making method and conductive pattern, the method including forming a groove such that its width in an inlet area is bigger than its width in an inner area; filling the groove with a conductive ink composition; and drying the conductive ink composition so that a solvent contained in the conductive ink composition inside the groove is volatilized to reduce the volume of the conductive ink composition.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a group key using the status of a wireless channel are provided. The apparatus includes a representative channel response selection unit for selecting a representative channel response signal from among pilot signals received from slave terminals. A key generation unit generates a group key based on a representative channel response value of the representative channel response signal. A hash value generation unit generates a hash value corresponding to the group key. A transmission pilot control unit adjusts power intensities of transmission pilots of the respective slave terminals using the channel response value of the representative channel response signal and channel response values and transmission power intensities of the slave terminals. A communication unit is individually connected to the slave terminals and configured to transmit pilot signals, power intensities of which have been adjusted, and the hash value to the slave terminals.

Abstract: A visibility improvement method using gaze tracking includes detecting a gaze of a user using a camera; determining a focus object at which the user gazes from among at least one object viewed through a display unit of an electronic device; and displaying, on the display unit, an image with high visibility that corresponds to the focus object and has higher visibility than the focus object.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, an axial flux permanent magnet motor includes: a stator assembly configured to produce magnetic flux in a rotating axis direction; and a housing assembly including a motor housing in which the stator assembly is accommodated, in which a first cooling groove is formed in an inner circumferential surface of the motor housing to be predeterminedly and circumferentially extended, a second cooling groove, which corresponds to the first cooling groove, is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the stator assembly so as to be predeterminedly and circumferentially extended, and the first and second cooling grooves meet together to form a cooling flow path for a flow of a coolant.

Abstract: A speech recognition apparatus is provided. The speech recognition apparatus includes a primary speech recognition unit configured to perform speech recognition on input speech and thus to generate word lattice information, a word string generation unit configured to generate one or more word strings based on the word lattice information, a language model score calculation unit configured to calculate bidirectional language model scores of the generated word strings selectively using forward and backward language models for each of words in each of the generated word strings, and a sentence output unit configured to output one or more of the generated word strings with high scores as results of the speech recognition of the input speech based on the calculated bidirectional language model scores.

Abstract: Provided is a push-pull door lock capable of selecting a lever work direction which may be installed without needing to coincide a door opening direction with the lever work direction by driving a driving unit during both a push operation and a pull operation of a lever coupled to each of housings of a front surface and a rear surface of a door to unlock a lock mechanism received in the door. The push-pull door lock includes: a lever that is provided on a front surface of each of housings, which are respectively coupled to an inside and an outside of a door by supports, to pivot in a front-and-back direction and has a protruding portion protruding toward a door; and a selection member that is provided on a rear surface of the housing and limits a pivoting range of the protruding portion in order to select a push operation or a pull operation of the lever.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a graphene laminated structure includes plasma-treating a surface of a hexagonal boron nitride sheet using a fluorine-based gas plasma, depositing the hexagonal boron nitride sheet on a graphene sheet, and forming an insulating layer on a surface of the surface-treated hexagonal boron nitride sheet.

Abstract: An artificial nail is formed by injection molding a first section and a second section. The first section and second section are adjacent to one another. One of the sections defines a front distal tip of the artificial nail and is formed by injecting a quantity of heated material under pressure from a nozzle into a sprue, through a runner and through a cavity gate into a mold cavity. The other section is formed by injecting another quantity of heated material under pressure from a heated nozzle through another cavity gate into the mold cavity.

Abstract: A firmware update method of an image forming apparatus includes determining whether firmware update of the image forming apparatus is necessary, acquiring a firmware block distributor list from the tracking apparatus, receiving firmware blocks from the other image forming apparatuses, based on the acquired firmware block distributor list, and generating new firmware by combining the received firmware blocks and performing firmware update using the generated, new firmware.

Abstract: A solar cell is disclosed. The solar cell includes a transparent conductive layer formed on a substrate, microstructures protruding vertically aslant from a surface of the transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer configured to cover the microstructures and formed of an electron transport metal oxide, a light absorber adhered to inner pores and a surface of the electron transport layer, a hole transport layer configured to cover the surface of the electron transport layer and formed of a hole transport material, and an electrode formed on the hole transport layer. In the solar cell, the thickness of a light absorption layer can be maximized to obtain a high current density and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A low-power encryption apparatus and method are provided. The low-power encryption apparatus includes a mask value generation unit, a mask value application unit, a round key application unit, a mask operation unit, a shift operation unit, and a shift operation correction unit. The mask value generation unit generates a mask value M having the same bit length as input round function values. The mask value application unit generates first masking round function values by applying the mask value M. The round key application unit generates second masking round function values by applying round key values. The mask operation unit generates third masking round function values by performing a mask addition operation. The shill operation unit generates fourth masking round function values by performing a circular shift operation. The shift operation correction unit generates output round function values by performing an operation using the mask value M.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for remotely deleting critical information is provided. The apparatus includes a storage unit, an identity determination unit, and a broadcast unit. The storage unit stores an input value and an output value for the input value with respect to a physically unclonable function (PUF) of each of a plurality of mobile terminals. The identity determination unit determines the identity of a corresponding mobile terminal based on received information about the loss of the mobile terminal. The broadcast unit extracts the input and output values of the PUF of the corresponding mobile terminal from the storage unit based on information transferred from the identity determination unit, and broadcasts the extracted input and output values to all the mobile terminals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silver ink composition comprising: silver complexes obtained by reacting one or more silver compounds selected from chemical formula 1 with one or more ammonium carbamate-based compounds or ammonium carbonate-based compounds selected from chemical formula 2 to chemical formula 4; and oxime-based compounds.

Abstract: A titanium oxide nano tube material is configured so that crystal grains of a nano tube has a crystal structure oriented with the [001] direction of a tetragonal crystal system as a preferred direction. FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) of a rocking curve with respect to the (004) plane peak is 11.1 degrees to 20.3 degrees. The titanium oxide nano tube material has excellent photoelectric characteristics since the crystal grains of the nano tube are oriented with the (004) plane or the [001] direction of a tetragonal crystal system as a preferred direction.

Abstract: A mortise structure of a digital door lock is applicable to a left handed door and a right handed door. The mortise structure is an improved two-way releasable mortise structure which can unlock a latch bolt and a dead bolt by finally converting a rotary force of actuating means into a one-way rotary force even though the actuating means is rotated in an arbitrary direction.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating an avatar based video message are provided. The apparatus and method are capable of generating an avatar based video message based on speech of a user. The avatar based video message apparatus and method displays information that corresponds to input user speech. The avatar based video message apparatus and method edits the input user speech according to a user input signal with reference to the displayed information, generates avatar animation according to the edited speech, and generates an avatar based video message based on the edited speech and the avatar animation.

Abstract: An artificial nail or tip arrangement and method of making the same are provided. The arrangement includes a body having a concave lower surface with a shape corresponding to a natural nail. The arrangement also includes an adhesive layer having a first surface and an opposing second surface. The first surface adheres to the concave lower surface of the body and the second surface is provided to adhere to the natural nail when applied thereto. The arrangement further includes a removable layer that covers the second surface of the adhesive layer, and which is removable to expose the second surface of the adhesive layer for application to the natural nail. The removable layer is provided with a plurality of slits so that a surface of the removable layer remains smooth after adherence of the first surface of the adhesive layer with the concave lower surface of the body.

Abstract: An ultrasonic wave energy artificial nail remover in one aspect includes a handle, a body attached to the handle, an ultrasonic sound wave generator attached to the body, and a tip having the shape of a natural nail. The tip is made to vibrate by the ultrasonic sound wave generator. The shape of the tip allows for a quicker removal of the artificial nail and requires less skill to successfully remove an artificial nail without damaging the natural nail than removal with a narrow flat tip allows and requires. Ultrasonic energy is channeled through the natural nail shaped tip to facilitate removal of an artificial nail in a quick manner with little cleanup involved.