Abstract: A method of manufacturing a graphene laminated structure includes plasma-treating a surface of a hexagonal boron nitride sheet using a fluorine-based gas plasma, depositing the hexagonal boron nitride sheet on a graphene sheet, and forming an insulating layer on a surface of the surface-treated hexagonal boron nitride sheet.

Abstract: An artificial nail is formed by injection molding a first section and a second section. The first section and second section are adjacent to one another. One of the sections defines a front distal tip of the artificial nail and is formed by injecting a quantity of heated material under pressure from a nozzle into a sprue, through a runner and through a cavity gate into a mold cavity. The other section is formed by injecting another quantity of heated material under pressure from a heated nozzle through another cavity gate into the mold cavity.

Abstract: A firmware update method of an image forming apparatus includes determining whether firmware update of the image forming apparatus is necessary, acquiring a firmware block distributor list from the tracking apparatus, receiving firmware blocks from the other image forming apparatuses, based on the acquired firmware block distributor list, and generating new firmware by combining the received firmware blocks and performing firmware update using the generated, new firmware.

Abstract: A solar cell is disclosed. The solar cell includes a transparent conductive layer formed on a substrate, microstructures protruding vertically aslant from a surface of the transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer configured to cover the microstructures and formed of an electron transport metal oxide, a light absorber adhered to inner pores and a surface of the electron transport layer, a hole transport layer configured to cover the surface of the electron transport layer and formed of a hole transport material, and an electrode formed on the hole transport layer. In the solar cell, the thickness of a light absorption layer can be maximized to obtain a high current density and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A low-power encryption apparatus and method are provided. The low-power encryption apparatus includes a mask value generation unit, a mask value application unit, a round key application unit, a mask operation unit, a shift operation unit, and a shift operation correction unit. The mask value generation unit generates a mask value M having the same bit length as input round function values. The mask value application unit generates first masking round function values by applying the mask value M. The round key application unit generates second masking round function values by applying round key values. The mask operation unit generates third masking round function values by performing a mask addition operation. The shill operation unit generates fourth masking round function values by performing a circular shift operation. The shift operation correction unit generates output round function values by performing an operation using the mask value M.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for remotely deleting critical information is provided. The apparatus includes a storage unit, an identity determination unit, and a broadcast unit. The storage unit stores an input value and an output value for the input value with respect to a physically unclonable function (PUF) of each of a plurality of mobile terminals. The identity determination unit determines the identity of a corresponding mobile terminal based on received information about the loss of the mobile terminal. The broadcast unit extracts the input and output values of the PUF of the corresponding mobile terminal from the storage unit based on information transferred from the identity determination unit, and broadcasts the extracted input and output values to all the mobile terminals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silver ink composition comprising: silver complexes obtained by reacting one or more silver compounds selected from chemical formula 1 with one or more ammonium carbamate-based compounds or ammonium carbonate-based compounds selected from chemical formula 2 to chemical formula 4; and oxime-based compounds.

Abstract: A titanium oxide nano tube material is configured so that crystal grains of a nano tube has a crystal structure oriented with the [001] direction of a tetragonal crystal system as a preferred direction. FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) of a rocking curve with respect to the (004) plane peak is 11.1 degrees to 20.3 degrees. The titanium oxide nano tube material has excellent photoelectric characteristics since the crystal grains of the nano tube are oriented with the (004) plane or the [001] direction of a tetragonal crystal system as a preferred direction.

Abstract: A mortise structure of a digital door lock is applicable to a left handed door and a right handed door. The mortise structure is an improved two-way releasable mortise structure which can unlock a latch bolt and a dead bolt by finally converting a rotary force of actuating means into a one-way rotary force even though the actuating means is rotated in an arbitrary direction.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating an avatar based video message are provided. The apparatus and method are capable of generating an avatar based video message based on speech of a user. The avatar based video message apparatus and method displays information that corresponds to input user speech. The avatar based video message apparatus and method edits the input user speech according to a user input signal with reference to the displayed information, generates avatar animation according to the edited speech, and generates an avatar based video message based on the edited speech and the avatar animation.

Abstract: An artificial nail or tip arrangement and method of making the same are provided. The arrangement includes a body having a concave lower surface with a shape corresponding to a natural nail. The arrangement also includes an adhesive layer having a first surface and an opposing second surface. The first surface adheres to the concave lower surface of the body and the second surface is provided to adhere to the natural nail when applied thereto. The arrangement further includes a removable layer that covers the second surface of the adhesive layer, and which is removable to expose the second surface of the adhesive layer for application to the natural nail. The removable layer is provided with a plurality of slits so that a surface of the removable layer remains smooth after adherence of the first surface of the adhesive layer with the concave lower surface of the body.

Abstract: An ultrasonic wave energy artificial nail remover in one aspect includes a handle, a body attached to the handle, an ultrasonic sound wave generator attached to the body, and a tip having the shape of a natural nail. The tip is made to vibrate by the ultrasonic sound wave generator. The shape of the tip allows for a quicker removal of the artificial nail and requires less skill to successfully remove an artificial nail without damaging the natural nail than removal with a narrow flat tip allows and requires. Ultrasonic energy is channeled through the natural nail shaped tip to facilitate removal of an artificial nail in a quick manner with little cleanup involved.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for packaging and applying artificial eyelashes, and a method is provided for applying the packaged artificial eyelashes. The apparatus includes a packaging tray having a top surface, and at least one artificial eyelash applicator integrated with the top surface of the packaging tray through at least one attachment point, and removable from the packaging tray when the at least one attachment point is broken.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating a group key using the status of a wireless channel are provided. The apparatus includes a representative channel response selection unit for selecting a representative channel response signal from among pilot signals received from slave terminals. A key generation unit generates a group key based on a representative channel response value of the representative channel response signal. A hash value generation unit generates a hash value corresponding to the group key. A transmission pilot control unit adjusts power intensities of transmission pilots of the respective slave terminals using the channel response value of the representative channel response signal and channel response values and transmission power intensities of the slave terminals. A communication unit is individually connected to the slave terminals and configured to transmit pilot signals, power intensities of which have been adjusted, and the hash value to the slave terminals.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for applying artificial eyelashes. The apparatus includes a main body, upon which an artificial eyelash is disposed. The main body has a length extending in a single plane. The apparatus also includes one or more legs extending from the main body. At least one of the one or more legs is angled away from the single plane of the main body.

Abstract: A secret key generation apparatus and method are provided. The secret key generation apparatus includes at least one antenna, amplification/phase controllers, a transceiver, and a random sign& controller. The antenna receives a wireless signal from a counterpart terminal that performs wireless communication. The amplification/phase controllers control the amplification gain and phase of the wireless signal that is received via at least one antenna. The transceiver measures the status of a wireless channel using the wireless signal having the controlled amplification gain and phase, determines parameters based on results of the measurement, and generates a secret key based on results of the determination. The random signal controller controls the amplification/phase controllers so that the amplification gain and phase are adjusted whenever the transceiver generates a secret key.

Abstract: An injection molded artificial nail is formed by forming a first section using a runner system method, forming a second section using a runner system method and forming a third section by a hot tip gate process. The second and third sections are disposed under the first section. The second section has a second section end and the third section has a third section end adjoining the second section end. The first section forms a top surface of the artificial nail extending from a front distal tip of the artificial nail to a back proximal end of the artificial nail and completely covers the second section and the third section.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for detecting noise are provided. The method of detecting noise includes: receiving an input of a voice frame and converting the voice frame into a filter bank vector; converting the converted filter bank vector into band data; calculating a weight Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for each band by using the converted band data; and detecting noise in the voice frame based on the calculation result.

Abstract: A titanium oxide nano tube material is configured so that crystal grains of a nano tube has a crystal structure oriented with the [001] direction of a tetragonal crystal system as a preferred direction. FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) of a rocking curve with respect to the (004) plane peak is 11.1 degrees to 20.3 degrees. The titanium oxide nano tube material has excellent photoelectric characteristics since the crystal grains of the nano tube are oriented with the (004) plane or the [001] direction of a tetragonal crystal system as a preferred direction.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope tilts the scanning direction of a z-scanner by a precise amount and with high repeatability using a movable assembly that rotates the scanning direction of the z-scanner with respect to the sample plane. The movable assembly is moved along a curved guide by a rack-and-pinion drive system and has grooves that engage with corresponding ceramic balls formed on a stationary frame to precisely position the movable assembly at predefined locations along the curved guide. The grooves are urged against the ceramic balls via a spring force and, prior to movement of the movable assembly, a pneumatic force is applied to overcome the spring force and disengage the grooves from the ceramic balls.