Abstract: Example embodiments may provide a resistive memory having an amorphous solid electrolyte layer and/or a method of operating the memory. The resistive memory may include a switching device and/or a storage node connected to the switching device. The storage node may include a lower electrode, an upper electrode crossing the lower electrode, and an amorphous solid electrolyte layer between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The storage node may be useable as a data storage layer, wherein at least one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode may be formed of a diffusion metal.

Abstract: A non-linear silicon compound is provided. The non-linear silicon compound may be a non-linear aromatic compound used as a linker for manufacturing an oligomer probe array. The non-linear silicon compound may reduce self-aggregation so as to form a stable and uniform monolayer. As a result, upon hybridization analysis, the fluorescent intensity may be increased.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate for an oligomer probe array to which a photolabile material having an acetylene derivative is directly attached or attached via a linker.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the invention, provided herein is a microarray comprising a substrate; a plurality of probe cells formed in the substrate, wherein at least one probe cell includes a linker; and a probe cell separation area. In addition, in some embodiments, the microarray may include a molecular probe coupled to the linker. Related methods are also described herein.

Abstract: An oligomer probe array having improved reaction yield is provided. The oligomer probe array includes a substrate, an immobilization layer on the substrate, a plurality of nano particles coupled with a surface of the immobilization layer, and a plurality of oligomer probes coupled with surfaces of the nano particles.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying a substrate using the Marangoni effect is disclosed. The apparatus includes a rotatable supporting portion on which a substrate is placed. A first nozzle for supplying de-ionized water and a second nozzle for supplying isopropyl alcohol vapor are provided on the supporting portion. When the isopropyl alcohol vapor is supplied to the center of the substrate at the initial stage, the amount of alcohol that reaches the substrate is controlled by a controlling portion such that the amount of the second liquid gradually increases.

Abstract: A nonvolatile variable resistance memory device may include a lower electrode; a stacked structure including a first Cu compound layer disposed on the lower electrode, and a second Cu compound layer disposed on the first Cu compound layer; and an upper electrode disposed on the second Cu compound layer.

Abstract: A patterned magnetic recording medium and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The patterned magnetic recording medium includes a plate, a plurality of nanowires formed vertically on the plate, and a magnetic layer patterned on the nanowires. The magnetic layer protrudes in areas corresponding to the nanowires.

Abstract: Provided are a focusing apparatus of an optical projection device having a simple structure and capable of a precisely in focusing and a projection optical system. The focusing apparatus includes: a frame including a female screw part having a first pitch; a body tube moveably installed in the frame and comprising a male screw part having a second pitch smaller than the first pitch; and an adjusting ring including a male screw part corresponding to the female screw part having the first pitch and a female screw part corresponding to the male screw part having the second pitch to support the body tube in the frame and move the body tube toward an optical axis direction.

Abstract: A cleaning composition comprises an alkali solution, pure water, and a surfactant represented by the following chemical formula: R1-OSO3—HA+ wherein R1 is one selected from a group consisting of a butyl group, an isobutyl group, an isooctyl group, a nonyl phenyl group, an octyl phenyl group, a decyl group, a tridecyl group, a lauryl group, a myristyl group, a cetyl group, a stearyl group, an oleyl group, a licenoleyl group and a behnyl group, and A is one selected from a group consisting of ammonia, ethanol amine, diethanol amine and triethanol amine.

Abstract: A negative resist composition and a method for patterning semiconductor devices using the composition are provided. The negative resist composition contains an alkali-soluble hydroxy-substituted base polymer, a silicon-containing crosslinker having an epoxy ring, and a photoacid generator. In the method for patterning semiconductor devices, fine patterns are formed according to a bi-layer resist process using the negative resist composition.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a semiconductor substrate forming device isolation layers in a predetermined region of a semiconductor substrate to define active regions; etching predetermined areas of the active regions to form a recess channel region and such that sidewalls of the device isolation layers are exposed; and selectively etching a surface of the recess channel region using a predetermined cleaning solution to clean the semiconductor substrate where the recess channel region has been formed.

Abstract: Provided are a nonvolatile memory device, a layer deposition apparatus and a method of fabricating a nonvolatile memory device using the same. The apparatus may include a chamber capable of holding a substrate, a particle-discharging target discharging particles toward the substrate, and a first ion beam gun accelerating a first plurality of ions and irradiating the accelerated ions toward the substrate. The method of fabricating a nonvolatile memory device may include discharging particles from a target toward a substrate, accelerating and irradiating a first plurality of ions toward the substrate, forming a reaction product by reacting the discharged particles and the accelerated and irradiated first plurality of ions, and forming a data storage layer having a deposited layer on the substrate. The nonvolatile memory device may include a data storage layer including a transition metal oxide layer formed by reacting discharged transition metal particles and accelerated and irradiated oxygen ions.

Abstract: A cleaning method for removing foreign bodies during the fabrication of semiconductor devices including treating a substrate with a cleaning solution including an oxidizer to form a chemical oxide layer and then removing the chemical oxide layer, thereby removing foreign bodies from a surface of the semiconductor substrate. Accordingly, the foreign bodies can be substantially removed from the surface of the substrate without corroding a metal.

Abstract: Provided is an insulation layer patterning method employing a flowable oxide, which does not use a photo-resist. Also, an insulation layer pattern and display devices including the insulation layer are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a resistive memory device including an amorphous solid electrolyte layer in a storage node. The resistive memory device includes a switching device and a storage node connected to the switching device. The storage node includes upper and lower electrodes formed of a bivalent or multivalent metal, and an amorphous solid electrolyte layer and an ion source layer formed of a monovalent metal between the upper and lower electrodes.

Abstract: A photosensitive polymer for a photoresist and a photoresist composition having the same are provided. The photosensitive polymer for a photoresist includes the repeating unit represented by the formula below: wherein R1 is a C1-C20 hydrocarbon group or a C1-C20 hetero hydrocarbon group including at least one hetero atom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, fluorine and sulfur.

Abstract: A conductive carbon nanotube tip and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The conductive carbon nanotube tip includes a carbon nanotube tip substantially vertically placed on a substrate, and a ruthenium coating layer covering a surface of the carbon nanotube tip and extending to at least a part of the substrate. The manufacturing method includes substantially vertically placing a carbon nanotube tip on a substrate, and forming a ruthenium coating layer on the carbon nanotube tip and at least a part of the substrate.

Abstract: Resistive memory devices having at least one varistor and methods of operating the same are disclosed. The resistive memory device may include at least one bottom electrode line, at least one top electrode line crossing the at least one bottom electrode line, and at least one stack structure disposed at an intersection of the at least one top electrode line and the at least one bottom electrode line including a varistor and a data storage layer.

Abstract: A resist composition includes a photoacid generator (PAG) and a photosensitive polymer. The photosensitive polymer is polymerized with (a) at least one of the monomers having the respective formulae: where R1 and R2 are independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkyloxy, carbonyl or ester, and x and y are independently integers from 1 to 6, and (b) at least one of a (meth)acrylate monomer, a maleic anhydride monomer, and a norbornene monomer.