Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit including a silicided and non-silicided MOS transistor together with a capacitor is provided. An insulating film for forming a capacitor insulating film and a conductive material film for forming an upper electrode are formed sequentially. A part of the insulating film is used to form the capacitor insulating film, and another part of the same insulating film is used as a salicide block film.

Abstract: There can be provided an excellent industrial process for producing compounds having sugar-moiety hydroxyl groups or halogen atoms reduced in nucleic acids or in derivatives thereof by allowing O-thiocarbonyl derivatives of sugar-moiety hydroxyl groups or allowing halogenated derivatives in the sugar-moiety, in the nucleic acids or in derivatives thereof to react with any one of hypophosphorous acids (including salts thereof) and phosphites (esters) which are inexpensive, non-toxic and safely usable as radical reducing agents in industrial scale, in the presence of a radical reaction initiator.

Abstract: A process for preparing 7-benzylpurine derivatives is provided. An acetylpurine nucleoside is reacted with a benzyl halide to benzylate the 7-position of the purine base, and an acid is then added to the reaction mixture to hydrolyze the glycoside bond. The 7-benzylpurines may be used to prepare 9-substituted purine derivatives.

Abstract: Highly sensitive and highly durable electrophotographic photoreceptors which generate faultless images can be produced by forming the under-coating layer on the conductive support and forming the photoreceptive layer on the layer. The under-coating layer contains dendritic titanium oxide. The under-coating layer contains the dendritic titanium oxide of which the surface is coated with (a) metal oxide(s) and/or (an) organic compound(s). The photoreceptive layer contains a phthalocyanine pigment, and the under-coating layer contains dendritic or needle-like titanium oxide of which the surface is coated with (a) metal oxide(s) and/or (an) organic compound(s). The photoreceptive layer contains a phthalocyanine pigment, and the under-coating layer contains dendritic or needle-like titanium oxide, of which the surface is coated with (a) metal oxide(s) and/or (an) organic compound(s), and an alcohol soluble polyamide resin.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a highly characteristic and lesser defective image using an electrophotographic photoreceptor which can be produced with a better coating property and which is highly sensitive and hardly loses the electrostatic stability during repeated use. A water-soluble or water/alcohol-soluble polyvinyl acetal and an inorganic pigment are involved in an underlayer provided between a conductive support and a photoconductive layer. Particularly, it is favorable to use titanium oxide as the inorganic pigment, make the ratio of polyvinyl acetal/titanium oxide 1/9-9/1 by weight, make the underlayer 0.5-5 .mu.

Abstract: Novel intermediates of nucleoside derivatives, of which the 6-position of the nucleic acid base moiety is substituted with a halogen atom, are produced. Using those novel intermediates, even substrates, of which the 3'-position of the saccharide moiety is deoxylated, can be substituted at the 2'-position at an extremely high yield. Specifically, by subjecting a 3'-deoxy derivative of inosine to 6-halogenation to give a 6-halide of the derivative, and then subjecting it to 2'-deoxylation/substitution with a fluorine atom or the like, followed by further subjecting it to substitution with an amino group, a hydroxyl group or any other intended substituent at the 6-positioned halogen atom, nucleoside derivatives are produced at a high yield.Methods for producing nucleoside derivatives including 9-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-.beta.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a highly characteristic image using an electrophotographic photoreceptor of which a charge-generating layer can be produced with a better coating property and which is highly sensitive and electrostatically highly stable in repeated use. The charge-generating layer of a function-separated type photoreceptor contains a n-type non-metallic phthalocyanine and a copolymer of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate type. Particularly, the ratio of the .tau.-type non-metallic phthalocyanine to the copolymer of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate type is fixed at 1/3-3/1 by weight. The thickness of the charge-generating layer is fixed at 0.1-0.6 .mu.m. As the copolymer of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate type, copolymers of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic acid, or vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol are selected. Particularly, it is favorable to select those containing at least 10% by weight of the vinyl alcohol component.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoconductor featuring uniform chargeability to a predetermined potential, low residual potential and excellent stability in the operating environment and repeated use thereof, as well as a method of producing the same. An undercoat layer between a substrate and a photosensitive layer is formed by the use of a coating fluid for undercoat layer containing a coupling agent having an unsaturated bond, a metal oxide, a binder and a mixture solvent. The coupling agent increases affinity of the metal oxide for the binder so that the coating fluid does not suffer the aggregation of the metal oxide or gelation thereof, presenting homogeneity and excellent can-stability. Thus is obtained a uniform undercoat layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve the storage stability of a coating liquid for forming a photosensitive layer of a photosensitive member for electrophotography as well as to improve the electrophotography properties of a photosensitive member produced by applying the coating liquid. A photosensitive member for electrophotography is produced by applying a coating liquid composition for a photosensitive member for electrophotography prepared by dissolving or dispersing an organic photoconductive compound and a binder resin in a solvent, and further containing an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon on an electroconductive substrate, and drying for forming a photosensitive layer on the electroconductive substrate.

Abstract: A process for preparing 7-benzylpurine derivatives is provided. An acetylpurine nucleoside is reacted with a benzyl halide to benzylate the 7-position of the purine base, and an acid is then added to the reaction mixture to hydrolyze the glycoside bond. The 7-benzylpurines may be used to prepare 9-substituted purine derivatives.

Abstract: Compounds formed by reacting a protected amino acid with an alkali metal enolate of an alkyl acetate are reacted with a halogenating agent for halogenation of the 2-position, or a protected amino acid is reacted with an alkali metal enolate of an alkyl halogenoacetate, to form a 4-amino-3-oxo-2-halogenobutanoic acid ester derivative, and hydrolysis and decarboxylation are conducted to produce a 3-amino-2-oxo-1-halogenopropane derivative or its salt. The present method is a useful process for producing a 3-amino-2-oxo-1-halogenopropane derivatives which can easily be converted to a 3-amino-1,2-epoxypropane.

Abstract: A PLL including a phase comparator, a VCO, and a charge pump further includes a reset circuit. The reset circuit detects whether both of the charge pump transistors are in an ON state, and if so, generates a reset signal which inhibits the UP and DOWN signals generated by the phase comparator. The reset circuit includes first and second detection circuits and a signal generating circuit.

Abstract: Compounds formed by reacting a protected amino acid with an alkali metal enolate of an alkyl acetate are reacted with a halogenating agent for halogenation of the 2-position, or a protected amino acid is reacted with an alkali metal enolate of an alkyl halogenoacetate, to form a 4-amino-3-oxo-2-halogenobutanoic acid ester derivative, and hydrolysis and decarboxylation are conducted to produce a 3-amino-2-oxo-1-halogenopropane derivative or its salt. The present method is a useful process for producing a 3-amino-2-oxo-1-halogenopropane derivatives which can easily be converted to a 3-amino-1,2-epoxypropane.

Abstract: To provide a novel cyclohexane derivative, a cyclohexane derivative is defined by the formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different from each other and each represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X represents oxygen or sulfur; and Y represents a group represented by the formula: ##STR2## or the like). The compound of the present invention is useful as a preventive and therapeutic agent for diseases against which a potassium channel opening action is efficacious.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is smooth without orange peel, inhibits the rise of a residual potential and the drop of a charged potential, and is excellent in stability even when it is repeatedly used.The photoreceptor comprises a charge generation material, a charge transport material, a polyarylate having a polymerization degree of 10 to 5,000, a polycarbonate having a polymerization degree of 10 to 5,000, and a polydimethylsiloxane having a polymerization degree of 0 to 2,000.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a conductive support, an undercoating layer provided on the conductive support and a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoating layer, in which the undercoating layer comprises a needle-like titanium oxide particles and a binder resin. The needle-like titanium oxide particles in the undercoating layer show a volume resistance in the range from 10.sup.5 .OMEGA..multidot.cm to 10.sup.10 .OMEGA..multidot.cm when a loading pressure of 100 Kg/cm.sup.2 is applied and have a short axis S having a length of 0.5 .mu.m or less and a long axis L having a length of 10 .mu.m or less and the aspect ratio of L/S ranging from 2 to 10. Further, the needle-like titanium oxide particles are contained in the undercoating layer in the range from 50 wt % to 95 wt % and the surface thereof remains untreated.

Abstract: A triazolo-1,4-di-azepine compound of the below given formula and a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof are useful in the pharmaceutical field, especially in treating allergic diseases. ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or an alkyl, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a halogen, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl, X is --OCO--, and Y is a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkylalkyl, an alkynyl or others.

Abstract: To provide a cyclohexane derivative defined by the formula (I) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different from each other and each represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.3 represents optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X represents oxygen or sulfur; and Y represents a group represented by the formula: ##STR2## or the like). The compound of the present invention is useful as a preventive and therapeutic agent for diseases against which a potassium channel opening action is efficacious.

Abstract: A triazolo-1,4-di-azepine compound of the below given formula and a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed and useful in the pharmaceutical field, especially to allergic diseases. ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or an alkyl, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a halogen, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an alkyl, X is --OCO--, --NHCO--, --CO-- or others and Y is a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkylalkyl, an alkynyl or others.

Abstract: A triazolo-1,4-di-azepine compound of the below given formula and a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof are disclosed and useful in the pharmaceutical field, especially to allergic diseases. ##STR1## in which R1 and R2 are hydrogen or an alkyl, R3 is hydrogen or a halogen, R4 is hydrogen or an alkyl, X is --OOO--, --NHCO--, --CO-- or others and Y is a cycloalkyl, a cycloalkylalkyl, an alkynyl or others.