Abstract: A recording medium is disclosed which is removably loaded in an information providing apparatus and in which content information is recorded by the information providing apparatus. The recording medium includes a recording medium main body and a content identification section including content identification information detectable by the information providing apparatus, which indicates a kind of content information downloaded by the information providing apparatus.

Abstract: The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes the steps of forming copper wiring; reducing an oxide film on the surface of the copper wiring by heating the copper wiring to a temperature in a range of 250° C.-450° C. under reductive gas or by treating the copper wiring in plasma of reductive gas; and then forming a film of a material not containing oxygen on the copper wiring without exposing the copper wiring to external atmosphere, and can provide a semiconductor device with good copper wiring.

Abstract: A portable telephone set having an additional function unit as well as communication function unit includes stopping means 106 for stopping the operation of communication function unit. In response to the stopping operation of communication function unit 110, the portable telephone set 1 is repeatedly operative for a predetermined time for checking presence of the arrival call and/or mail to its own telephone set and displaying the arrival call and/or mail and/or a telephone number for the arrival call and/or an address for the mail.

Abstract: A downloading system which can be used freely by many and unspecified persons. A recording medium is loaded in a public downloading apparatus, and use condition confirmation processing is performed by using information recorded on the medium. Processing for downloading various sorts of information using the public downloading apparatus is allowed to be started according to a result of the use condition confirmation processing. Communication of information necessary for use condition confirmation processing with respect to use of the public downloading apparatus or for downloading processing can be performed between the public downloading apparatus and a server system.

Abstract: A damascene wiring structure having: a lower wiring structure; an interlayer insulating film covering the lower wiring structure; a wiring trench formed in the interlayer insulating film from an upper surface thereof, and a via hole passing through the interlayer insulating film from a lower surface of the wiring trench in an inner area thereof and reaching the lower wiring structure, the via hole having a diameter smaller than a width of the wiring trench; an insulating pillar pattern projecting upward from the lower surface of the wiring trench in an area outside of the via hole, the insulating pillar pattern being made of a same material as the interlayer insulating film, wherein a first occupied area factor of the insulating pillar pattern in a first area of the wiring trench near said via hole is higher than a second occupied area factor of the insulating pillar pattern in a second area of the wiring trench remote from the via hole; and a dual damascene wiring formed by filling the wiring trench and said

Abstract: A downloading system which can be used freely by many and unspecified persons. A recording medium is loaded in a public downloading apparatus, and use condition confirmation processing is performed by using information recorded on the medium. Processing for downloading various sorts of information using the public downloading apparatus is allowed to be started according to a result of the use condition confirmation processing. Communication of information necessary for use condition confirmation processing with respect to use of the public downloading apparatus or for downloading processing can be performed between the public downloading apparatus and a server system.

Abstract: To reduce the connection resistance between copper wirings, and to improve the reliability of the wiring such as anti-electromigration characteristics.

Abstract: A damascene wiring structure having: a lower wiring structure; an interlayer insulating film covering the lower wiring structure; a wiring trench formed in the interlayer insulating film from an upper surface thereof, and a via hole passing through the interlayer insulating film from a lower surface of the wiring trench in an inner area thereof and reaching the lower wiring structure, the via hole having a diameter smaller than a width of the wiring trench; an insulating pillar pattern projecting upward from the lower surface of the wiring trench in an area outside of the via hole, the insulating pillar pattern being made of a same material as the interlayer insulating film, wherein a first occupied area factor of the insulating pillar pattern in a first area of the wiring trench near said via hole is higher than a second occupied area factor of the insulating pillar pattern in a second area of the wiring trench remote from the via hole; and a dual damascene wiring formed by filling the wiring trench and said

Abstract: Promotion of effective use in accordance with different types of media, reduction in the load on users, and promotion of diversified use modes by use of media. A plurality of types of recording media (disk media, IC media, and hybrid media) are respectively almost the same in cartridge shape and any of them can be mounted in the recording media mounting part of a drive unit to enable recording or reproduction operations. The drive unit has a recording media mounting part in which the plurality of types of recording media can be respectively mounted, identifies the type of recording media mounted in the recording media mounting part in accordance with an identification feature formed on the cartridge of the recording media, and in accordance with the type of the identified recording media, performs a recording or reproduction operation on the mounted recording media by either or both of disk drive means and IC memory drive means.

Abstract: An optical disk having a plurality of substantially concentric tracks, each of which includes a plurality of segments each comprising a servo area ARs provided with servo pits for giving servo information to a disk drive and a data area ARd. Identification marks SGM, ADM, STM1, STM2 are recorded in the servo area ARs. The identification marks SGM, ADM, STM1, STM2 provide information for identifying the respective segments depending on the recording position in the servo area ARs.

Abstract: An optical disk having a plurality of substantially concentric tracks, each of which includes a plurality of segments each comprising a servo area ARs provided with servo pits for giving servo information to a disk drive and a data area ARd. Identification marks SGM, ADM, STM1, STM2 are recorded in the servo area ARs. The identification marks SGM, ADM, STM1, STM2 provide information for identifying the respective segments depending on the recording position in the servo area ARs.

Abstract: A recording-medium ID information, which is condition information read from the recording medium loaded into a recording and reproduction apparatus, is compared with the ID information unique to the apparatus. When they have the correct relationship, a recording or reproduction operation is permitted for the recording medium. As another condition information, an ID to be input is additionally specified. When the correct ID is input, a recording or reproduction operation to the recording medium is allowed. Thus, a multiple-level protection function is achieved.

Abstract: A disk shaped recording medium, drive apparatus and method for driving a medium divided into at least a recordable area and a reproduction only area, are disclosed. Address conversion is carried out by a conversion table so that the leading portion of a logical block address (LBA) when an optical disc is viewed from the host computer side is caused to correspond to the leading physical block address PBA1=RAM_START of a random access memory (RAM) area of the outermost circumferential side of the optical disc. Thus, reproduction can be started from the leading portion of a RAM area disposed at the innermost circumferential side. Even if a read only memory (ROM) area is disposed at the outermost circumferential side, this optical disc can be used as boot device. In addition, since the ROM area can be disposed at the outermost circumferential side, data transfer speed of the ROM area is permitted to be high data transfer speed in an optical disc employing a zone constant angular velocity (CAV) system.

Abstract: There is provided a content providing system in which many unspecified many people can arbitrarily use it to get (purchase) a recording medium in which desired content has been downloaded, and the recording medium itself can be effectively used. Some download data (content) are selected and set on the basis of exhibit information detected from a recording medium, and operation control is made so that the recording medium in which the download data are recorded is ejected. That is, the recording medium which records content desired by a user can be provided to the user in any one mode of returning, exchange, and selling.

Abstract: An output shaft is constituted by a plurality of rotary shafts which are disposed on the same axial line so as to be rotatable relative to each other. A cam ring which fixedly encloses one of said rotary shafts has a cam surface with radial projections and recessions on an inner peripheral surface of the cam ring. A cylinder block which is mounted on said one of the rotary shafts has formed therein a plurality of cylinders for containing in each thereof a piston which is radially moved by sliding contact with the cam surface. A sun gear is mounted on said one of the rotary shafts. Planetary gears are mounted on remaining at least one of the rotary shafts so as to be rotatable in gearing mesh with the sun gear and an internal gear which is fixedly mounted around the sun gear.

Abstract: The number of times installation has been performed is recorded in a recording and reproduction area of a recording medium as installation is performed. When an application program is requested to be installed to another recording medium, the number of times installation has been performed is checked and installation is performed only when the number is less than the specified number.

Abstract: A recording/reproducing apparatus which makes a disk driver and the whole data system efficient is provided. The recording/reproducing apparatus comprises, in the state in which at least recording media is charged, holding means for holding a file manager thereof, external interface means for performing certain data communication by means of a system such as infrared data communication, LAN communication and the like and control means for executing the recording/reproducing operation to/from the recording media by using the file manager held in the holding means in correspondence to a request made from the external equipment via the external interface means.

Abstract: An optical disk having a plurality of substantially concentric tracks, each of which includes a plurality of segments each comprising a servo area ARs provided with servo pits for giving servo information to a disk drive and a data area ARd. Identification marks SGM, ADM, STM1, STM2 are recorded in the servo area ARs. The identification marks SGM, ADM, STM1, STM2 provide information for identifying the respective segments depending on the recording position in the servo area ARs.

Abstract: There is provided an electronic musical instrument capable of contributing to a higher speed in display, and also of displaying music in page feed format easy to see. In the electronic musical instrument, music data are developed into image data by a tempo clock interruption from a tempo clock unit in accordance with performance data. In addition, a part of the image data stored in a temporary memory is transferred to a VRAM in response to a timer interruption from a timer. In this manner, a page feed of the music displayed on a display unit is carried out being accompanied with an animation motion.

Abstract: First error-processing data are generated with respect to a predetermined amount of data, and second error-processing data are generated with respect to each of a plurality of blocks produced by dividing the predetermined amount of data. Data of record units are generated from the predetermined amount of data, the first error-processing data, and the second error-processing data. The data of record units are recorded on and reproduced from a recording medium. Errors are corrected in the predetermined amount of data in the reproduced data of record units with the first error-processing data with respect to each of the record units. If errors cannot be corrected, at least errors are detected in the predetermined amount of data in each of the blocks with the second error-processing data.