Abstract: A process for the preparation of lubricating oil additive concentrate having a TBN greater than 300 comprises reacting at elevated temperaturecomponent (A) at least one compound which is A(i) an alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate, A(ii) a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol, A(iii) an alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate and a source of sulphur, A(iv) a hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol and a source of sulphur, A(v) an alkaline earth metal sulphurized hydrocarbyl-substituted phenate or A(vi) a sulphurized hydrocarbyl-substituted phenol.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carbamate suitable for use as a detergent additive to internal combustion engine fuels which process comprises reacting either ammonia, a primary amime or a secondary amine with a dihydrocarbyl carbonate in the presence as catalyst of a strong organic base and in the proportions necessary to produce either a mono-carbamate or a bis-carbamate.

Abstract: Non-sulphurized overbased metal salts of sulphur-free calixarenes having a substituent hydroxyl group or groups available for reaction with metal base are claimed. The salts are useful as additives to lubricating oils by reason of their acids neutralization capability, their detergent and their antioxidant properties.

Abstract: A process for the production of a carbamate having formula (I), wherein X and Y are independently either hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group or the group of formula (II), wherein Z is either a divalent hydrocarbyl, a substituted hydrocarbyl group or the group of formula (III) [(alkylene)m(NH)n(alkylene)m] in which n=0 to 4 and m=1 to 4, and R is a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group, provided that if either one of X or Y is the group of formula (II), the other of X or Y is hydrogen, which process comprises reacting a compound of formula (IV), wherein X and Y are independently either hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or a hetero-substituted hydrocarbyl group with a dihydrocarbyl carbonate having formula (V), wherein independently R is as defined above in the presence as catalyst of a strong organic base and in the proportions necessary to produce either a mono-carbamate or a bis-carbamate.

Abstract: Compounds suitable for use as extreme pressure (EP)/anti-wear (AW) agents in lubricating oil compositions, which compounds have the formula:R.sup.1 --S--X--S--S--R (I)whereinR.sup.1 is either R--S-- or hydrogen,R is independently either hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, andX comprises a heterocyclic ring having six atoms of which two are nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: Compounds suitable for use as extreme pressure (EP)/anti-wear (AW) agents in lubricating oil compositions, which compounds have the formula:R.sup.1 --S--X--S--S--R (I)wherein R.sup.1 is either R--S-- or hydrogen,R is independently either hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, andX comprises a heterocyclic ring having six atoms of which two are nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: Compounds suitable for use as extreme pressure (EP)/anti-wear (AW) agents in lubricating oil compositions, which compounds have the formula:R.sup.1 --S--X--S--S--R (I)whereinR.sup.1 is either R--S-- or hydrogen,R is independently either hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl, andX comprises a heterocyclic ring having six atoms of which two are nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: Compounds suitable for use as EP/AW additives in lubricating oil compositions which compounds have the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is independently either a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester group, a hydroxyl group or the group YZ wherein Z=X and Y is either an alkylene, aralkylene or cycloalkene group,R.sup.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl group, andR.sup.2 is either hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group or the group YZ.

Abstract: The present invention provided a finished lubricating oil base stock and an extreme pressure/anti-wear improving amount of a bis acyl-or bis aroyldisulphide of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is independently a hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl group.