Abstract: To provide an electric power steering apparatus in which it is possible to reduce a size of the entire structure of a control unit while sufficiently showing a heat radiation effect of heat generating members. The electric power steering apparatus includes a steering column 3 having inserted therein a steering shaft 2 to which steering torque is transmitted, a reduction gear box 4 coupled to the steering shaft 2, and an electric motor 5 that transmits a steering assisting force to the steering shaft 2 via a reduction mechanism in the reduction gear box. In the reduction gear box 4, a motor mounting section 17 for mounting the electric motor 5 is formed at an end face in a direction perpendicular to an axis of the steering shaft 2 and a control-unit mounting section 20 for mounting a control unit 19 for controlling to drive the electric motor 5 is formed near the motor mounting section 17.

Abstract: Pentaerythritol which contains none of the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals or which contains at least one of these in a total amount of 1.0 weight % or smaller is reacted with a mercaptocarboxylic acid to produce a pentaerythritol mercaptocarboxylic acid ester.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a (poly)thiol compound for an optical material. The process comprises reacting an organic (poly)halogen compound or a (poly)alcohol compound with thiourea to produce an isothiuronium salt and hydrolyzing the isothiuronium salt to thereby produce the (poly)thiol compound, wherein the thiourea has a calcium content of not more than 1.0 wt %.

Abstract: In a leather 5 for covering a shift knob 1, it has a folded portion 9 formed by folding a leather material 20 such that back sides of the leather material 20 are set in contact with each other, at a small rigidity portion at which a flexural rigidity is small and which is formed along an edge 21 of the leather material 20.

Abstract: To provide a plastic polarized lens which is excellent in processability and the like as well as in adhesion property of the polarized film, and a method of producing the same. In the plastic polarized lens of the present invention, layers comprised of thiourethane-based resins obtained by reacting (A) isocyanate compounds with (B) active hydrogen compounds are stacked on both sides of a polarized film comprised of thermoplastic polyester formed under a predetermined temperature condition.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a process for producing dicyanonorbornane characterized by causing hydrogen cyanide to undergo addition reaction with cyanonorbornene (bicyclo[2.2.1]-5-heptene-2-carbonitrile) in the presence of a zerovalent nickel complex catalyst which is produced by using a phosphite represented by P(x)(y)(z) (wherein P is a phosphorus atom, and x, y and z are each OR, where R represents an aryl group having not more than 18 carbon atoms) as a ligand to reduce a nickel halide with at least one metal selected among zinc, cadmium, beryllium, aluminum, iron and cobalt, wherein the phosphite is one which has a phosphate content of 1.0 weight % or lower based on the whole phosphite.

Abstract: An isocyanate has been widely used as a starting material for the production of a polyurethane material, a polyisocyanurate material or the like which is suitably applicable to the field of optical materials. Disclosed is a process for producing an isocyanate which includes a step for producing the isocyanate in the form of a hydrochloride with improved productivity. A process for producing a linear or cyclic aliphatic isocyanate comprising the step of reacting a linear or cyclic aliphatic amine with hydrogen chloride to yield a hydrochloride of the linear or cyclic aliphatic amine, the step being performed under a pressure higher by 0.01 MPa or more than the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a polythiol compound for an optical material, the method includes reacting 2-mercaptoethanol with an epihalohydrin compound to give polyalcohol, and preparing a polythiol compound through the polyalcohol, wherein a content of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide in the 2-mercaptoethanol is 0.5 wt % or less.

Abstract: Novel substituted liposaccharides useful as in the prophylactic and affirmative treatment of endotoxemia including sepsis, septicemia and various forms of septic shock and methods of using these agents are provided. Also provided are methods of preparing these agents and intermediates useful therein.

Abstract: A composition for making a high-refractive-index resin contains a polythiol compound and a compound containing at least two iso(thio)cyanato groups, the polythiol compound having a dithioacetal, dithioketal, orthotrithioformic ester, or orthotetrathiocarbonic ester skeleton. The molar ratio of the mercapto group to the iso(thio)cyanato group in the composition is greater than 1.0 but not more than 3.0. A method for making a resin by curing the composition, a resin prepared by curing the composition, an optical element made from the resin, and a lens made from the optical element are also provided.

Abstract: As discussed above, there remains a need for the development of novel therapeutic agents useful for treating inflammatory or autoimmune and proliferative diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of treating and preventing heat shock protein-associated diseases and conditions.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition and a manufacturing method thereof are provided, in which the composition is capable of meeting requirements of overcoming decrease in production yield of a resin composed of a thioepoxy compound, the decrease being caused by variations in refractive index, hue, and optical strain. In a polymerizable composition containing a compound having at least one structure represented by the above formula (where R1 represents a hydrocarbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R2, R3, and R4 each represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom.), the total of a thioepoxy compound A, which has at least one structure represented by formula (2) and at least one structure represented by formula (3), and a thioepoxy compound B, which has at least one structure represented by formula (4) and at least one structure represented by formula (3), is 4 mass percent or less with respect to the total mass of the polymerizable composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 and n are as described generally and in classes and subclasses herein, and additionally provides pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods for the use thereof in the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune and proliferative disorders and as inhibitors of cell adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory cytokine signal transduction generally

Abstract: A resin composition for an optical material that has excellent balance of refractive index of resin, Abbe number, heat resistance, specific gravity, and resin strength, a resin obtained by curing the resin composition, and an optical material are provided. A polymerizable composition comprising the following is used: An alicyclic isocyanate compound represented by the formula (1) and/or the formula (2): ?(In the formula (1), n represents integer of 0 to 3) ?and (a) at least one compound of the polythiol compound having at least two thiol groups in one molecule and/or the polythiol compound having at least two thiol groups and at least one (poly)sulfide bond other than the thiol group in one molecule, and (b) at least one compound of the polyhydroxy compound having at least two hydroxy groups in one molecule and/or the (poly)hydroxy(poly)mercapto compound having at least one hydroxy group and at least one thiol group.

Abstract: A composition for making a high-refractive-index resin contains a polythiol compound and a compound containing at least two iso(thio)cyanato groups, the polythiol compound having a dithioacetal, dithioketal, orthotrithioformic ester, or orthotetrathiocarbonic ester skeleton. The molar ratio of the mercapto group to the iso(thio)cyanato group in the composition is greater than 1.0 but not more than 3.0. A method for making a resin by curing the composition, a resin prepared by curing the composition, an optical element made from the resin, and a lens made from the optical element are also provided.

Abstract: Object To obtain a system and a method for softening a frozen confectionary without applying heat thereto, and then dispensing the same, which make it possible to dispense the frozen confectionary in an appropriately soft state, regardless of the kind of frozen confectionary.

Abstract: A composition for making a high-refractive-index resin contains a polythiol compound and a compound containing at least two iso(thio)cyanato groups, the polythiol compound having a dithioacetal, dithioketal, orthotrithioformic ester, or orthotetrathiocarbonic ester skeleton. The molar ratio of the mercapto group to the iso(thio)cyanato group in the composition is greater than 1.0 but not more than 3.0. A method for making a resin by curing the composition, a resin prepared by curing the composition, an optical element made from the resin, and a lens made from the optical element are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of reducing the severity of mucositis, involving administration of a toll-like receptor 4 antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention provides a medicament having a gentle but strong defecation-promoting action without causing diarrhea. That is, it provides a defecation-promoting agent comprising a compound having an adenosine A2 receptor antagonism, preferably an adenosine A2b receptor antagonism, or a salt thereof.