Abstract: A normal conducting current lead using Rutherford cables, in which one end thereof is connected to an external power supplier and the other end thereof is connected to a superconducting current lead connected to a superconducting power apparatus operating at ultralow temperatures. The normal conducting current lead includes an insulating body, which has a cylindrical shape or a polygonal prism shape and a plurality of slots radially formed from the center thereof, and a plurality of Rutherford cables, which are inserted and fitted into the slots of the insulating body and are radially arranged so that a density of current flowing through the cross-section of the current lead is uniformly distributed.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may have a semiconductor chip that includes a chip pad formed on a substrate including an integrated circuit, and a passivation layer exposing the chip pad, a first redistribution wiring layer that is connected to the chip pad and extends on the semiconductor chip and includes a wire bonding pad to provide wire bonding and a first solder pad to connect the first redistribution wiring layer to a second semiconductor chip, and a second redistribution wiring layer that is connected to the first redistribution wiring layer on the first redistribution wiring layer and includes a second solder pad to connect the second redistribution wiring layer to a third semiconductor chip.

Abstract: An image acquiring apparatus includes: an image sensor which senses light reflected from an object to be read, and which detects an analog pixel value corresponding to the sensed reflected light; and a compensator which compensates the analog pixel value in its analog form for removing a background of the object contemporaneously as the object is being read in line(s).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for verifying singulated tags are described. A radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted to provide power to at least one tag. A powered tag is singulated. A delay time period is waited. A read verify command is transmitted to the singulated tag. A response is received to the read verify command. The response to the read verify command is verified to determine whether it was received from the singulated tag.

Abstract: A chip stack package includes a substrate, a plurality of chips, a plurality of adhesive layers and a plug. The substrate has a wiring pattern and a seed layer formed on the wiring pattern. Each of the chips has an electrode pad and a first through-hole that penetrates the electrode pad. The chips are stacked such that the first through-holes are aligned on the seed layer of the substrate. The adhesive layers are interposed between the substrate and one of the chips, as well as between the chips. Each of the adhesive layers has a second through-hole connected to the first through-hole. The plug fills up the first through-holes and the second through-holes and electrically connects the electrode pads to the wiring pattern of the substrate. A cross-sectional area of the plug in the second through-holes may be larger than that of the plug in the first through-holes.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and methods of forming the same are provided. The methods may include forming a hole in a preliminary semiconductor substrate, forming an insulating layer in the hole of the preliminary semiconductor substrate, forming a plating conductive layer on the insulating layer and the preliminary semiconductor substrate, forming a seed metal layer contacting the plating conductive layer at a lower portion of the hole and growing the seed metal layer to form a through-silicon via (TSV). The TSV may be formed through an electroplating process such that the seed metal layer grows from the lower portion of the hole to an upper portion of the hole.

Abstract: A stacked semiconductor package may include: a substrate; semiconductor packages stacked on the substrate; an interconnection member formed on edges of the semiconductor packages; and a conductive reinforcement member formed on the interconnection member. Each of the semiconductor packages may include a conductive line. The interconnection member may electrically connect the conductive line of the semiconductor packages to the conductive line of at least one other semiconductor package.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for reading tags of tag populations are described. Rather than interrogating a tag population in a single query round, interrogations of tag populations are performed using reduced transmit power levels over multiple query rounds, each query round reading a portion of the tag population. In this manner, an overall power amount expended to transmit interrogations signals is reduced, while maintaining a substantially similar read rate as in single query round interrogations.

Abstract: A memory configuration scheme that enables parallel decoding of a single block of turbo-encoded data is described. In this scheme a single code block is divided into multiple subblocks and decoding is performed on subblocks in parallel. The turbo decoder memory is configured so that subblock decoders can access the common memory resources independently of each other. This scheme is different from existing parallel decoding schemes in that it achieves the parallel implementation by applying multiple decoders to a single code block, not by assigning multiple decoders to multiple code blocks. The advantages of this scheme include minimum memory requirement and minimum decoding latency. The minimum memory requirement results from the fact that it needs memory resources only for a single code block regardless of the number of decoders used. The decoding latency is minimum since decoding of a code block is over when decoding on subblocks is completed.

Abstract: System and method for accelerating the convergence rate of turbo decoding by verifying bits in data frames whose CRC shows no bit errors. Verified bits are translated to bound nodes on a trellis of nodes representing a sequence of bits of the encoded code block. Verification of all bits signals a stop condition and decoding iterations can be terminated. Further, state transition metrics are limited when a node is adjacent to a bound node, allowing for acceleration of convergence by elimination of impossible state transitions. Also disclosed is a scheme to detect bit errors when the code block contains unframed data or partial data frames. This bit error detection scheme uses a recursive encoder to establish end node status. The end node state determination accelerates convergence rate recognition when incorporated with other stop conditions.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a steel cord, which has ultrafine steel filaments with a diameter of 0.04-0.14 mm stranded with each other so as to reinforce a tire carcass, and a radial tire for a passenger car using the same. The steel cord includes one core filament with a diameter of 0.04-0.14 mm and 4-7 sheath filaments, each having a diameter of 0.04-0.14 mm, spirally stranded around the core filament. At this time, the steel cord has a diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm and shear strength of 25-35 kgf. Additionally, each of the sheath filaments has a smaller diameter than the core filament, and the core filament and the sheath filaments are made of the steel filaments. The radial tire includes the tire carcass provided with the steel cord and a topping sheet, and the steel cord is embedded in the topping sheet such that a rubber gauge ratio is 200-500% and a rubber clearance ratio is 60-250%.

Abstract: A scanned image generating device, including a shading data calculation part to calculate shading data by scanning a white sheet, an average calculation part to calculate an average between an object pixel and neighboring pixels of the object pixel based on the shading data calculated by the shading data calculation part, a comparison part to compare a value of the object pixel, calculated by the shading data calculation part, to the average of values of the neighboring pixels, calculated by the average calculation part, an adjustable processing part to adjust the object pixel value calculated by the average calculation part, according to a result of comparison of the comparison part, and a filtering post-processing part such that the object pixel value adjusted by the adjustable processing part gradually changes with respect to the values of the neighboring pixels.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus having an Automatic Background Removal (ABR) function in an automatic document feeder mode and an operation control method thereof. The image-forming apparatus includes a first movement unit to move a document loaded in a document tray from a first position to a second position; a second movement unit to move a carriage containing a light source from the first position to the second position; an image processing part to process an image of the document into predetermined image data; and a control part to control the image processing part to process an image of a specific portion of the document read out by the carriage fixed at the first position and to process an entire image of the document read out by the carriage fixed at the second position in use of a predetermined contrast equalization pattern selected based on a image processing result of the specific portion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a displacement measurement marker capable of measuring displacement of an object moving on a plane by using a line scan camera, and a displacement measurement method using the same. The displacement measurement marker according to the present invention comprises a plurality of repeatedly arranged figures having the same size and shape. Each of the figures is measurable by means of the line scan camera and is asymmetric with respect to a direction of a scan line of the line scan camera. Preferably, each of the figures is a right-angled triangle of which base is a horizontal line. According to the present invention, there are advantages in that a two-dimensional planar motion of the object can be measured from one-dimensional linear image data, and the motion of the object which moves at a high speed or on which an impact is exerted can be accurately measured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of estimating the properties of a polymer product by using converted process variables (cPV's) which means process variable that final or intermediate product experienced earlier in average in the reactors by stage with respect to the final product, which incorporates residence time distribution to process variables, wherein said method comprises the following steps of: computing cPV's by incorporating the residence time distribution to said process variables by means of theoretically determining the amounts of content and discharge of the product in the process, and then solving the balance equations of a hypothetical substance by taking the respective process variables as those of the hypothetical substance: and estimating the properties of the product by inputting to various property estimation models cPV's in the reactors by stage with respect to the final product after incorporating the residence time distribution to said process variables.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a displacement measurement marker capable of measuring displacement of an object moving on a plane by using a line scan camera, and a displacement measurement method using the same. The displacement measurement marker according to the present invention comprises a plurality of repeatedly arranged figures having the same size and shape. Each of the figures is measurable by means of the line scan camera and is asymmetric with respect to a direction of a scan line of the line scan camera. Preferably, each of the figures is a right-angled triangle of which base is a horizontal line. According to the present invention, there are advantages in that a two-dimensional planar motion of the object can be measured from one-dimensional linear image data, and the motion of the object which moves at a high speed or on which an impact is exerted can be accurately measured.

Abstract: A memory configuration scheme that enables parallel decoding of a single block of turbo-encoded data is described. In this scheme a single code block is divided into multiple subblocks and decoding is performed on subblocks in parallel. The turbo decoder memory is configured so that subblock decoders can access the common memory resources independently of each other. This scheme is different from existing parallel decoding schemes in that it achieves the parallel implementation by applying multiple decoders to a single code block, not by assigning multiple decoders to multiple code blocks. The advantages of this scheme include minimum memory requirement and minimum decoding latency. The minimum memory requirement results from the fact that it needs memory resources only for a single code block regardless of the number of decoders used.

Abstract: System and method for accelerating the convergence rate of turbo decoding by verifying bits in data frames whose CRC shows no bit errors. Verified bits are translated to bound nodes on a trellis of nodes representing a sequence of bits of the encoded code block. Verification of all bits signals a stop condition and decoding iterations can be terminated. Further, state transition metrics are limited when a node is adjacent to a bound node, allowing for acceleration of convergence by elimination of impossible state transitions. Also disclosed is a scheme to detect bit errors when the code block contains unframed data or partial data frames. This bit error detection scheme uses a recursive encoder to establish end node status. The end node state determination accelerates convergence rate recognition when incorporated with other stop conditions.

Abstract: A method and system for alerting a mobile terminal in a high-attenuation propagation environment within a mobile satellite communication network are disclosed herein. The method comprises receiving an incoming call directed to the mobile terminal, generating a paging signal in response to the incoming call, determining whether the mobile terminal has failed to receive the paging signal, and generating an alerting signal in response to the determination that the mobile terminal has failed to receive the paging signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for communicating in a mobile communication system. The method provides a carrier signal having a plurality of frames. Each frame has a plurality of time slots, and each time slot comprises a plurality of transmission bits. A group of time slots are assigned to a communication channel. A traffic burst signal having a plurality of traffic symbols is transmitted over the communication channel by transmitting a first preamble over one of the assigned time slots, and transmitting a second preamble and at least one of the traffic symbols over at least one of the other assigned time slots. The second preamble occupies fewer transmission bits than the first preamble.