Abstract: A apparatus and method for estimating a sequence of transmitted quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-modulated signals and space-time block coded signals using an optimal expectation-maximization (EM)-based iterative estimation algorithm in a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mobile communication system. An initial sequence estimation value is produced on the basis of a predetermined initial value using a pilot sub-carrier contained in each of OFDM signals received by a receiving side. A normalized value of a received signal on a channel-by-channel basis is produced by a predetermined equation using orthogonality between the OFDM signals received by the receiving side. At least one subsequent sequence estimation value is produced using the initial sequence estimation value and the normalized value of the received signal on the channel-by-channel basis.

Abstract: A data error correction circuit includes a plurality of one-bit registers, a data error detection unit and a data error correction unit. The data error detection unit detects whether all the data values stored in the plurality of the registers are equal. The data correction unit determines a correct data value based upon each of the stored data values, and corrects each of the data values into the determined correct data value if the data values are not equal. Therefore, the data error correction circuit may correct a data error due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) or electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Abstract: A display driver integrated circuit (IC) that stores an output mode of driving circuit control signal in a non-volatile memory and a method of outputting the driving circuit control signal, wherein the display drive IC fixes the driving circuit control signal values using fixation wire disposed on top layers of the display driver IC, and a method of manufacturing the display driver IC.

Abstract: A flip chip bonded package applicable to a fine pitch technology uses, inter alia, insulative posts instead of using conductive bumps, which correspond to electrodes one by one. The insulative posts are assigned to every two bonding pads for the sake of flip chip bonding. This makes it possible to fabricate flip chip bonded packages very easily without modifying conventional processes. Larger bumps are provided even in the case of a technology having the same pad size and pitch during flip chip bonding. This makes the subsequent attachment process easy and reduces the defective ratio. The insulative posts, when made of a polymer, also act as stress buffers. This improves the reliability of the package.

Abstract: A wafer level chip scale package includes a semiconductor chip having a plurality of pads; a lower insulation layer having a high Young's modulus of 1˜5 GPa formed on the semiconductor chip to expose the plurality of pads; a plurality of metal patterns formed on the lower insulation layer to be connected to the respective pads; an upper insulation layer having a high Young's modulus of 1˜5 GPa formed on the lower insulation layer and the metal patterns to partially expose the metal patterns; and a plurality of solder balls formed on exposed portions of the metal patterns.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a flat panel for cathode-ray tube capable of securing a large viewing area in the flat panel which is fitted into a window of a cabinet. In accordance with the panel of the present invention, stepped portions are formed along an edge of a face to fit the panel into the window of the cabinet. A depth from a surface of the face to a surface of the stepped portion is set to satisfy a condition of 2?Tf/Tc?0.7 where Tf is a vertical distance from a starting point of the stepped portion to an inner surface of the panel and Tc is a thickness of the center of the face. The panel in accordance with the present invention can provide perceptual flatness to a viewer; improved implosion-proof characteristics; and a structure capable of enduring an external mechanical impact. Further, the panel having a precise structure can be manufactured by a press-molding process.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display panel having gate drivers. The LCD panel includes a gate line shift circuit setting a gate line scanning order such that the gate lines are sequentially scanned in units of n gate lines with k-1 gate lines between each pair of adjacent gate lines in each unit according to an interleaving method in response to a gate line-on signal received from a timing control unit outside the LCD panel, wherein the LCD panel reproduces source data output from a source driver outside the LCD panel in the gate line scanning order set by the gate line shift circuit. The LCD panel inverts the polarity of a common voltage for every unit of n gate lines, instead of every gate line, thereby reducing power consumption. In addition, since every kth gate line is scanned according to the interleaving method, deterioration of image quality such as a flickering phenomenon can be prevented, which is an advantage of a line inversion driving method.

Abstract: A apparatus and method for estimating a sequence of transmitted quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-modulated signals and space-time block coded signals using an optimal expectation-maximization (EM)-based iterative estimation algorithm in a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mobile communication system. An initial sequence estimation value is produced on the basis of a predetermined initial value using a pilot sub-carrier contained in each of OFDM signals received by a receiving side. A normalized value of a received signal on a channel-by-channel basis is produced by a predetermined equation using orthogonality between the OFDM signals received by the receiving side. At least one subsequent sequence estimation value is produced using the initial sequence estimation value and the normalized value of the received signal on the channel-by-channel basis.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a flat panel for cathode-ray tube capable of securing a large viewing area in the flat panel which is fitted into a window of a cabinet. In accordance with the panel of the present invention, stepped portions are formed along an edge of a face to fit the panel into the window of the cabinet. A depth from a surface of the face to a surface of the stepped portion is set to satisfy a condition of 2≧Tf/Tc≧0.7 where Tf is a vertical distance from a starting point of the stepped portion to an inner surface of the panel and Tc is a thickness of the center of the face. The panel in accordance with the present invention can provide perceptual flatness to a viewer; improved implosion-proof characteristics; and a structure capable of enduring an external mechanical impact. Further, the panel having a precise structure can be manufactured by a press-molding process.

Abstract: A diaphragm pump having a simple structure for effectively preventing pulsation of liquid being discharged, which includes an air chamber connected to a head-side discharge hole of the diaphragm pump and having a discharge-side discharge hole, and thereby pipes are kept from being damaged by preventing the pulsation of the liquid, and the level of noisy can be reduced to a very adequate level.