Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes a first cladding including gallium nitride (GaN) on a substrate, a light waveguide on the first cladding, a first contact pattern, a first SCH pattern, a first active pattern, a second SCH pattern, a second cladding and a second contact pattern sequentially stacked on the light waveguide, and first and second electrodes on the first and second contact patterns, respectively.

Abstract: An optical beam steering device may include a tunable laser diode configured to emit laser beams and an antenna that includes a grating structure and is configured to convert the laser beams to a linear light source based on the grating structure. The tunable laser diode may emit a first laser beam having a first wavelength, and emit a second laser beam having a second wavelength, the second wavelength different from the first wavelength. The antenna may receive the first laser beam and, in response, output a first linear light source having a first emission angle with a surface of the antenna. The antenna may further receive the second laser beam and, in response, output a second linear light source having a second emission angle with the surface of the antenna, the second emission angle different from the first angle.

Abstract: An optical beam steering device may include a tunable laser diode configured to emit laser beams and an antenna that includes a grating structure and is configured to convert the laser beams to a linear light source based on the grating structure. The tunable laser diode may emit a first laser beam having a first wavelength, and emit a second laser beam having a second wavelength, the second wavelength different from the first wavelength. The antenna may receive the first laser beam and, in response, output a first linear light source having a first emission angle with a surface of the antenna. The antenna may further receive the second laser beam and, in response, output a second linear light source having a second emission angle with the surface of the antenna, the second emission angle different from the first angle.

Abstract: Hybrid silicon lasers are provided including a bulk silicon substrate, a localized insulating layer that extends on at least a portion of the bulk silicon substrate, an optical waveguide structure on an upper surface of the localized insulating layer. The optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide including a silicon layer. A lasing structure is provided on the optical waveguide structure.

Abstract: An optical phased array (OPA) may be included in a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system and may be configured to perform beam steering. The OPA may include a cascading structure of splitters configured to enable a branch operation to be performed M times. Each splitter may split an input optical signal in a ratio of 1:1 and output the split input optical signal. The OPA may include a plurality of sets of first phase shifters (PSs), each set of first PSs located exclusively on one output end of a separate splitter, each set of first PSs including a particular quantity of first PSs based on a branch position at which the separate splitter is located. The OPA may be included in a LiDAR system that is further included in a vehicle that is configured to enable navigation of the vehicle, including autonomous navigation, through an environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor, and according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactor comprising a housing provided with a reaction space, a tube disposed inside the housing, an impeller provided inside the housing to allow reactants in the reaction space to flow into and out of the tube and a nozzle provided to spray a liquid from the reaction space toward the housing wall surface side.

Abstract: Hybrid silicon lasers are provided including a bulk silicon substrate, a localized insulating layer that extends on at least a portion of the bulk silicon substrate, an optical waveguide structure on an upper surface of the localized insulating layer. The optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide including a silicon layer. A lasing structure is provided on the optical waveguide structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes a first cladding including gallium nitride (GaN) on a substrate, a light waveguide on the first cladding, a first contact pattern, a first SCH pattern, a first active pattern, a second SCH pattern, a second cladding and a second contact pattern sequentially stacked on the light waveguide, and first and second electrodes on the first and second contact patterns, respectively.

Abstract: An optical beam steering device may include a tunable laser diode configured to emit laser beams and an antenna that includes a grating structure and is configured to convert the laser beams to a linear light source based on the grating structure. The tunable laser diode may emit a first laser beam having a first wavelength, and emit a second laser beam having a second wavelength, the second wavelength different from the first wavelength. The antenna may receive the first laser beam and, in response, output a first linear light source having a first emission angle with a surface of the antenna. The antenna may further receive the second laser beam and, in response, output a second linear light source having a second emission angle with the surface of the antenna, the second emission angle different from the first angle.

Abstract: The bi-directional optical integrated circuit device array includes a plurality of bi-directional optical integrated circuit unit devices integrated on a substrate and arranged in two-dimensions. Each of the bi-directional optical integrated circuit unit devices includes a single wavelength laser light source integrated on the substrate, a bi-directional optical device integrated on the substrate and optically connected to the laser light source, and an antenna integrated on the substrate and optically connected to the bi-directional optical device.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes photonic integrated circuits configured to respectively output optical transmission signals in different wavelength ranges. A photonic integrated circuit may include emitters configured to emit beams having different wavelengths; drivers configured to respectively provide power to the emitters, and a wavelength division multiplexer configured to transmit the beams emitted by the emitters. A photonic integrated circuit may include a switch device that controls the drivers, and light detectors configured to detect intensities of the beams emitted from the emitters. The switch device may selectively operate at least one driver of the plurality of drivers based on information associated with intensities of the beams. The switch device may selectively operate a driver connected to an emitter, based on a determination that an intensity of a beam emitted by another emitter is less than a threshold intensity value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reactor, and according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactor comprising a housing provided with a reaction space, a tube disposed inside the housing, an impeller provided inside the housing to allow reactants in the reaction space to flow into and out of the tube and a nozzle provided to spray a liquid from the reaction space toward the housing wall surface side.

Abstract: An optical phased array (OPA) may be included in a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system and may be configured to perform beam steering. The OPA may include a cascading structure of splitters configured to enable a branch operation to be performed M times. Each splitter may split an input optical signal in a ratio of 1:1 and output the split input optical signal. The OPA may include a plurality of sets of first phase shifters (PSs), each set of first PSs located exclusively on one output end of a separate splitter, each set of first PSs including a particular quantity of first PSs based on a branch position at which the separate splitter is located. The OPA may be included in a LiDAR system that is further included in a vehicle that is configured to enable navigation of the vehicle, including autonomous navigation, through an environment.

Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate; a trench in a portion of the substrate; a clad layer arranged in the trench; a first structure arranged on the clad layer to have a first depth; and a second structure arranged on the clad layer to have a second depth different from the first depth.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes photonic integrated circuits configured to respectively output optical transmission signals in different wavelength ranges. A photonic integrated circuit may include emitters configured to emit beams having different wavelengths; drivers configured to respectively provide power to the emitters, and a wavelength division multiplexer configured to transmit the beams emitted by the emitters. A photonic integrated circuit may include a switch device that controls the drivers, and light detectors configured to detect intensities of the beams emitted from the emitters. The switch device may selectively operate at least one driver of the plurality of drivers based on information associated with intensities of the beams. The switch device may selectively operate a driver connected to an emitter, based on a determination that an intensity of a beam emitted by another emitter is less than a threshold intensity value.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes an optical waveguide located on a substrate and including a guiding portion and a taper portion, and a grating pattern located on the substrate. The grating pattern includes a plurality of low refractive index portions and a plurality of high refractive index portions, which are alternately arranged in a first direction parallel to a top surface of the substrate. Each of the plurality of high refractive index portions includes a curved inner sidewall and a curved outer sidewall having curvatures defined by circular paths. The inner sidewall and the outer sidewall of at least one of the plurality of high refractive index portions have a first focus position. The inner sidewall or the outer sidewall of at least one of the plurality of high refractive index portions or a sidewall of the taper portion has a second focus position different from the first focus position.

Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate; a trench in a portion of the substrate; a clad layer arranged in the trench; a first structure arranged on the clad layer to have a first depth; and a second structure arranged on the clad layer to have a second depth different from the first depth.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes an optical waveguide located on a substrate and including a guiding portion and a taper portion, and a grating pattern located on the substrate. The grating pattern includes a plurality of low refractive index portions and a plurality of high refractive index portions, which are alternately arranged in a first direction parallel to a top surface of the substrate. Each of the plurality of high refractive index portions includes a curved inner sidewall and a curved outer sidewall having curvatures defined by circular paths. The inner sidewall and the outer sidewall of at least one of the plurality of high refractive index portions have a first focus position. The inner sidewall or the outer sidewall of at least one of the plurality of high refractive index portions or a sidewall of the taper portion has a second focus position different from the first focus position.

Abstract: An optical coupler includes a tapered portion and a grating portion. The tapered portion has a width in a second direction increasing along a first direction substantially perpendicular to the second direction. The tapered portion includes first and second ends opposed to each other in the first direction. The first end has a first width, and the second end has a second width greater than the first width. The grating portion is connected to the second end of the tapered portion, and has a curvature radius greater than a distance to the first end of the tapered portion.

Abstract: A data processing system may include: a first device; a second device; and an optical link connected between the first and second devices. The optical link may include a main optical waveguide configured to transmit an optical signal output from the second device; N sub-optical waveguides; N mode couplers, each configured to perform a mode coupling operation between the main optical waveguide and a respective one of the N sub-optical waveguides; and an optical wavelength filter connected to an output terminal of the main optical waveguide and an output terminal of each one of the N sub-optical waveguides. Each of the N sub-optical waveguides may include a first region formed at a first distance from the main optical waveguide; a second region formed at a second, greater distance from the main optical waveguide; and a third region for connecting the first and second regions.