Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes etching a substrate to form trenches that separate active regions, forming an insulation layer having an opening to open a portion of a sidewall of each active region, forming a silicon layer pattern to gap-fill a portion of each trench and cover the opening in the insulation layer, forming a metal layer over the silicon layer pattern, and forming a metal silicide layer as buried bit lines, where the metal silicide layer is formed when the metal layer reacts with the silicon layer pattern.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for deciding an encoding mode are disclosed. The encoding mode decision apparatus comprises a temporal complexity calculator to calculate a temporal complexity of a macroblock and a mode decider to elect the encoding mode utilizing the temporal complexity. The disclosure calculates the temporal and spatial complexes for the macroblocks more accurately as well as elects the optimal encoding mode using the same resulting in a reduction of the calculation complexity when applying the rate-distortion technique along with an improvement of its processing speed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept is provided the liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal panel which displays images; backlight unit which provides light to the liquid crystal panel; and an optical sheet unit which is placed between the liquid crystal panel and backlight, wherein the optical sheet unit includes at least one scattering particle optical sheet where scattering particles are provided.

Abstract: A method for fabricating vertical channel transistors includes forming a plurality of pillars which have laterally opposing both sidewalls, over a substrate; forming a gate dielectric layer on both sidewalls of the pillars; forming first gate electrodes which cover any one sidewalls of the pillars and shield gate electrodes which cover the other sidewalls of the pillars and have a height lower than the first gate electrodes, over the gate dielectric layer; and forming second gate electrodes which are connected with upper portions of sidewalls of the first gate electrodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory system may include a read data manager configured to store data read from a memory device, a likelihood value mapper configured to map likelihood values to the data output from the data manager and output mapping data, and a decoder configured to perform low density parity check decoding on the mapping data by using a parity check matrix. The parity check matrix may be a k*N×M matrix including k*N×M submatrices, where k, N and M are independently an integer equal to or greater than 2.

Abstract: An electric appliance and a control method thereof are disclosed. The electric appliance includes a communication device connected with a smart grid net to recognize electric power information including power-rate information for each time period, a sensing device configured to sense a predetermined operation mode and an operation state according to the operation mode, and a control device configured to implement power-saving operation based on the received electric power information and the state information sensed by the sensing device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes trenches defined in a substrate, buried bit lines partially filling the trenches, a first source/drain layer filling remaining portions of the trenches on the buried bit lines, stack patterns having a channel layer and a second source/drain layer stacked therein and bonded to the first source/drain layer, wherein the channel layer contacts with the first source/drain layer, and word lines crossing with the buried bit lines and disposed adjacent to sidewalls of the channel layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for managing a guest room. The system for managing a guest room includes a guest room management server and a terminal The guest room management server, which is connected to the terminal, controls the resource control device in order to provide resources such as electricity, water, gas, and wireless/wired network to the guest room associated with the terminal. The guest room management server checks the connectivity of the terminal, and stops the supply of resources to the guest room when the terminal is disconnected. The terminal receives information on the cost or the volume of the resources used during the period that the terminal was connected. The user can easily see the information on the resources that have been used while using the guest room, which reduces the chance of disputes related to the cost of the resources used.

Abstract: Provided are a vertical nonvolatile memory device and a method for fabricating the vertical nonvolatile memory device. The vertical nonvolatile memory device can be integrated more highly as compared with a nonvolatile memory device of the related art. In addition, since the vertical nonvolatile memory device includes a selective diode, reading errors can be prevented.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control apparatus and method of a clothes treating machine. Power consumption can be expected or detected when an operation of the clothes treating apparatus is determined, and greenhouse gas emissions to an energy source or electricity prices according can be expected on the basis of power consumption. In addition, reasonable operations can be determined on the basis of recommended operation conditions provided by the clothes treating apparatus, and power consumption of the clothes treating machine, greenhouse gas emissions to an energy source or electricity prices can be easily calculated without providing an additional complicated power detection circuit.

Abstract: A fan apparatus and an air conditioner employing such a fan apparatus are provided to reduce noise and enhance efficiency. The fan apparatus may be driven by a BLDC motor that stably drives the fan and increases an air flow rate. Heat exchange efficiency of an outdoor unit of a front suction/discharge type air conditioner may be improved by such a fan apparatus driven by such a BLDC motor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and a method for receiving digital broadcasts by using a mobile communication terminal. The system includes a digital broadcast receiving device for receiving digital data from a contents provision unit by using a wired/wireless communication network and transmitting the digital data; and a mobile communication terminal for receiving the digital data from the digital broadcast receiving device, decoding the digital data, creating video and audio signals, and outputting the video and audio signals. The mobile communication terminal replaces circuits of the digital broadcast receiving device, which are in charge of predetermined functions. This simplifies the construction of the digital broadcast receiving device and reduces the cost for implementing the device.

Abstract: Provided are a vertical nonvolatile memory device and a method for fabricating the vertical nonvolatile memory device. The vertical nonvolatile memory device can be integrated more highly as compared with a nonvolatile memory device of the related art. In addition, since the vertical nonvolatile memory device includes a selective diode, reading errors can be prevented.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid crystal display panel and an apparatus including the same, the liquid crystal display panel including: a first substrate which includes a first incident surface to receive light and a first emission surface to emit the light; a second substrate which includes a second incident surface to receive the light from the first emission surface of the first substrate, and a second emission surface to emit the light from the second incident surface, and spaced from the first substrate at an interval; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a wire grid layer which is disposed in at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate and focuses and polarizes the light.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes etching a substrate to form trenches that separate active regions, forming an insulation layer having an opening to open a portion of a sidewall of each active region, forming a silicon layer pattern to gap-fill a portion of each trench and cover the opening in the insulation layer, forming a metal layer over the silicon layer pattern, and forming a metal silicide layer as buried bit lines, where the metal silicide layer is formed when the metal layer reacts with the silicon layer pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric hair clipper blade assembly having a guide plate connected with a fixed blade and a movable blade that moves in a left and right direction or horizontal direction and a connection/fixed member. In particular, the present invention relates to an electric hair clipper blade assembly having fixed and movable blades with depths deeper than those of conventional fixed and movable blades and a blade body DLC-coated, on which a portion of the guide plate, the fixed blade, and the movable blade are formed, to maintain fairly good cutting power in cutting short hair or curly hair.

Abstract: In a wireless data communication network, a mobile terminal is reconnected to a contents provider, when a connection established between the mobile terminal and the contents provider is interrupted or after a completion of the downloading of contents, by using return address information and contents address information including addresses of the contents provider and a web page including information relating to the downloaded contents, respectively. A WML (wireless markup language) script including the contents address information and the return address information is provided to the mobile terminal before initiating the downloading of the contents. In this way, the mobile terminal can easily be reconnected to the contents provider when the connection established between the mobile terminal and the contents provider is interrupted due to network congestion or the mobile terminal leaving the service coverage area.

Abstract: A resistance memory element, a phase change memory element, a resistance random access memory device, an information reading method thereof, a phase change random access memory device, and an information reading method thereof are provided. The resistance random access memory device includes an array of resistance memory element arranged in a matrix. Each resistance memory element includes a substrate in which a source region and a drain region are formed along the column direction and a channel region is formed between the source region and the drain region, a bit line formed on the channel region out of a conductive material to have a shape extending along the arrangement direction of the columns, a resistance switching layer formed on the bit line out of a material of which electrical resistance is switched by an electrical signal, and a word line formed on the resistance switching layer out of a conductive material to have a shape extending along the row direction.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a light source unit comprising a plurality of light sources, a light mixing unit that is formed on the light source unit and comprises a light guiding part guiding light emitted from each light source, and a light mixing part mixing the guided light. A supporter supports the light mixing unit to be spaced from the light source unit. A small-sized optical device is provided having an enhanced light efficiency and a projection system having the same.

Abstract: An electric appliance and a control method thereof are disclosed. The electric appliance includes a communication device connected with a smart grid net to recognize electric power information including power-rate information for each time period, a sensing device configured to sense a predetermined operation mode and an operation state according to the operation mode, and a control device configured to implement power-saving operation based on the received electric power information and the state information sensed by the sensing device.