Abstract: A condensed cyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the condensed cyclic compound are provided. The condensed cyclic compound is represented by Formula 1. The A3 ring of Formula 1 is a group represented by Formula 2A or a group represented by Formula 2B. The organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, the organic layer including at least one of the condensed cyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a cutting roller including a cutting body having a cylindrical shape and configured to rotate about an axis defined in a leftward/rightward direction, and cutting blades protruding outward in a radial direction of the cutting body further than a surface of the cutting body to cut an edible food product provided in a forward/rearward direction, and a cutting base part disposed at a position facing the cutting roller based on the edible food product to support the edible food product to be cut by the cutting roller.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a first region and a second region, first active fins that extend in a first direction in the first region, second active fins that extend in the first direction in the second region, a first field insulating layer between the first active fins and that extend in a second direction, a second field insulating layer between the second active fins and extending in the second direction, a gate line that extends in the second direction on the second field insulating layer, the gate line linearly along with the first field insulating layer, a gate isolation layer between the first field insulating layer and the gate line, and gate spacers that extend in the second direction, the gate spacers in contact with both sidewalls of each of the first field insulating layer, the gate line, and the gate isolation layer.

Abstract: According to examples, a toner refill apparatus may include a chamber to house a toner, in which the chamber may include an insertion section, the insertion section to be inserted into a refill port of a toner cartridge and including a discharge opening, the refill port including an electrical circuit component. The apparatus may also include a valve mechanism positioned at the discharge opening to control output of the toner from the chamber through the discharge opening, in which an actuator may engage the valve mechanism and may controllably open the valve mechanism. The apparatus may further include an electronic chip to be in electrical communication the electrical circuit component, in which a controller may activate the actuator based on a detection that the electronic chip is in contact with the electrical circuit component.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for fabricating an enhancement mode transistor material, an enhancement mode transistor material fabricated thereby, an enhancement mode transistor including the same, and an amplifying circuit including the same. The method for fabricating an enhancement mode transistor material includes: a first step of mixing and reacting a solution including a conductive polymer and an ionic reactant including a negative ion that enables deprotonation of the conductive polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microfluidic mixer and a microfluidic device including the same, and in the microfluidic mixer according to the present invention, a disk-shaped mixing unit with double U-shaped protruding portions formed therein can be continuously provided along a microchannel, thereby increasing collisions of samples to improve the binding efficiency thereof and shorten the binding time. Furthermore, the microfluidic device according to the present invention can detect a target material at high speed even at a high flow rate by including the microfluidic mixer, and thus can be usefully utilized for early diagnosis and prognosis diagnosis of a disease such as cancer.

Abstract: A toner refill cartridge includes a body to contain toner and having a toner discharge port provided at a first end portion of the body, a memory unit including an external electric contact which faces away from the body, a piston disposed in the body to be movable in a longitudinal direction of the body from a top dead position adjacent to a second end portion of the body to a bottom dead position adjacent to the first end portion to push the toner to the toner discharge port, and a plunger to push the piston in the longitudinal direction and movable to a folded position in which the plunger is parallel with the body and covers the external electric contact and to an extended position in which the plunger is aligned with the piston in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for analyzing a grain boundary of a polycrystalline two-dimensional material including transferring a polycrystalline two-dimensional material onto a substrate for analysis including a single crystalline two-dimensional material formed on a substrate; analyzing the polycrystalline two-dimensional material; depositing a metal thin film on the polycrystalline two-dimensional material; and exfoliating the polycrystalline two-dimensional material.

Abstract: A prefabricated post assembly is proposed. The prefabricated post assembly includes a vertical post having at least one assembly surface and a horizontal post having an assembly module mounted at an end thereof to be coupled to the assembly surface, in which at least one upper insertion hole is formed at an upper portion of the assembly surface and at least one lower insertion hole is formed at a lower portion of the assembly surface.

Abstract: In a memory controller for controlling a memory device including a memory block coupled to a plurality of word lines, the memory block including a plurality of memory cells respectively coupled to the plurality of word lines, the memory controller comprising: an operating time calculator configured to calculate program operating times taken to perform a program operation on the memory cells respectively coupled to the plurality of word lines; and an operating voltage determiner configured to determine an erase voltage to be used to erase a memory block by comparing a first program operating time, among the program operating times calculated by the operating time calculator, with the other program operating times, except the first program operating time, among the program operating times.

Abstract: A prefabricated post assembly is proposed. The prefabricated post assembly includes a vertical post having at least one assembly surface and a horizontal post having an assembly module mounted at an end thereof to be coupled to the assembly surface, in which at least one upper insertion hole is formed at an upper portion of the assembly surface and at least one lower insertion hole is formed at a lower portion of the assembly surface.

Abstract: A device to supply printing material to a printing material container of a printing apparatus may includes a chamber to store the printing material, a printing material outlet portion through which the printing material stored in the chamber is to be discharged, a plunger head to move in the chamber to discharge the printing material stored in the chamber through the printing material outlet portion, and a plunger handle disengaged from the plunger head and to engage the plunger head to move the plunger head to discharge the printing material.

Abstract: A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, in wt %, Si: 1.5 to 4.0%, Al: 0.1 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, Sn: 0.015 to 0.1%, P: 0.005 to 0.05%, Ga: 0.001 to 0.004%, and Bi: 0.0005 to 0.003%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. An area fraction of texture in a {118}//ND orientation is higher than that of texture in a {111}///ND orientation.

Abstract: According to examples, a toner refill apparatus may include a chamber to house a toner, in which the chamber may include an insertion section, the insertion section to be inserted into a refill port of a toner cartridge and including a discharge opening, the refill port including an electrical circuit component. The apparatus may also include a valve mechanism positioned at the discharge opening to control output of the toner from the chamber through the discharge opening, in which an actuator may engage the valve mechanism and may controllably open the valve mechanism. The apparatus may further include an electronic chip to be in electrical communication the electrical circuit component, in which a controller may activate the actuator based on a detection that the electronic chip is in contact with the electrical circuit component.

Abstract: A memory device configured to select a page having a probability that uncorrectable error correction codes (UECC) will occur by comparing a reference current with a sensing current, and configured to perform a read claim operation or an additional pulse applying operation on the corresponding page according to the comparison.

Abstract: A memory controller controls a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks and a plurality of power modules respectively providing voltages to a plurality of word line groups, the memory controller comprising: a fail block detector detecting fail blocks on which an erase operation has failed among the plurality of memory blocks, and detecting fail word line groups among a plurality of word line groups included in each of the fail blocks; a fail block manager detecting, among the plurality of power modules, a defective power module providing the voltages to two or more fail word line groups each included in a different fail block among the fail blocks; and a power defect controller controlling the memory device such that the defective power module is changed to another power module among the plurality of power modules.

Abstract: A development cartridge which is mountable in an image forming apparatus includes a toner container portion to store toner and a toner refilling portion to receive, from a toner refill cartridge mountable to the toner refilling portion, toner to be stored in the toner container portion. The toner refilling portion includes an inlet shutter rotatable to an inlet position at which the toner is capable of being received by the toner refilling portion from the toner refill cartridge, and a shutter protrusion provided on a surface of the inlet shutter to, while the inlet shutter is rotated, contact an object and cause feedback indicating the inlet shutter is rotated to the inlet position.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a manufacturing method of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, includes: preparing a slab; heating the slab; forming a hot-rolled sheet by hot-rolling the slab; performing hot-rolled sheet annealing on the hot-rolled sheet; forming a cold-rolled sheet by cold-rolling the hot-rolled sheet that has been completely subjected to the hot-rolled sheet annealing; performing first recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet; and performing second recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet that has been completely subjected to the first recrystallization annealing, wherein the hot-rolled sheet undergoes a first heating step, a second heating step, and a soaking step, and a temperature rise rate t1 of the first heating step and a temperature rise rate t2 of the second heating step satisfy Formula 1.

Abstract: A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes Ti at 0.0030 wt % or less (excluding 0 wt %), Nb at 0.0035 wt % or less (excluding 0 wt %), V at 0.0040 wt % or less (excluding 0 wt %), B at 0.0003 wt % to 0.0020 wt %, and the remaining portion including Fe and other inevitably added impurities, wherein a value of ([Ti]+0.8[Nb]+0.5[V])/(10*[B]) may be 0.17 to 7.8.

Abstract: Examples of media stops and media storage trays including the media stops are disclosed. In an example, the media stop includes a base including a first end and a second end opposite the first end, a top side, and a bottom side opposite the top side. In addition, the media stop includes a stop wall extending from the top side. The base is to be slidingly coupled to a track of the support surface in a first orientation and a second orientation. When the base is in the first orientation, the first end of the base is more proximate an outer end of the support surface than the second end of the base. When the base is in the second orientation, the second end of the base is more proximate the outer end of the support surface than the first end of the base.