Abstract: Disclosed herein are a variety of devices, methods, and systems for load balancing in the internet of things. Devices and other entities can be grouped together in a load balancing group and traffic for such devices balanced according to load balancing criteria. Groups may be discovered, created, manipulated, and deleted by various entities.

Abstract: A lightweight and extensible information model for machine-to-machine systems is disclosed. A service layer information management architecture uses three categories of atomic objects, subjects, actions, and descriptions. Information for use within the model is built using the atomic information objects. Application programming interfaces are used to perform operations and information processing by different nodes. Common service functions are used in the model as instances of a generic common service information model.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used for exchanging measurements in wireless communications. The apparatus may receive a request. The request may be a measurement request, and may include a request for a measurement of a parameter. The apparatus may transmit a report. The report may be a measurement report, and may include the requested measurement of a parameter. The apparatus may store the requested measurement of the parameter in a management information base (MIB).

Abstract: A method and device may be used for selecting a network for initiating an emergency call. The network selection may be based on stored information and/or a network connection status. The stored information may include a network priority for placing the emergency call.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing radio resources in one or more wireless communication networks. At least one radio resource manager (RRM) is provided within a network node, or as an independent entity. The RRM monitors performance on wireless communication links of the network(s) and interacts with nodes associated with those links to change the configuration on a particular wireless communication link if its performance (i.e., quality) falls below an established threshold. Information regarding current resource usage of the network is sent to the RRM by the nodes. Each of the nodes may send a quality report to the RRM including wireless communication link quality measurements and performance statistics. Alternatively, the RRM may perform the wireless communication link quality measurements. The RRM facilitates the broadcasting of information regarding current resource usage of one network to other networks to avoid collisions and interference.

Abstract: Several methods are provided for communicating emergency call capability information between a station and an access point (AP) in a wireless local area network. The methods include advertising by the AP of its emergency call capabilities and announcing by the station of its emergency call capabilities. The AP can advertise its emergency call capabilities in a beacon frame, a probe response frame, a reassociation response frame, or a reauthentication response frame. The station can announce its emergency call capabilities in an association request frame, a reassociation request frame, an authentication request frame, or a reauthentication request frame.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing radio resources in one or more wireless communication networks. At least one radio resource manager (RRM) is provided within a network node, or as an independent entity. The RRM monitors performance on wireless communication links of the network(s) and interacts with nodes associated with those links to change the configuration on a particular wireless communication link if its performance (i.e., quality) falls below an established threshold. Information regarding current resource usage of the network is sent to the RRM by the nodes. Each of the nodes may send a quality report to the RRM including wireless communication link quality measurements and performance statistics. Alternatively, the RRM may perform the wireless communication link quality measurements. The RRM facilitates the broadcasting of information regarding current resource usage of one network to other networks to avoid collisions and interference.

Abstract: Methods and systems providing application layer support for one or more sleeping nodes in constrained networks are contemplated. Embodiments contemplate inserting sleep information in a header option or payload of an application layer message. The application layer message may be conveyed in a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) or a constrained application protocol (CoAP). Embodiments contemplate communicating the application layer message to a server, which may serve as a caching and/or buffering proxy.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed such that a WTRU may obtain network operator agnostic wireless access for a service. The WTRU may receive a system information (SI) broadcast from a radio access network (RAN) node. The SI broadcast may indicate that an operator of the RAN node supports service-based network access. The WTRU may send a service request to a virtual service provider to request the service. The WTRU may receive a service response from the virtual service provider. The WTRU may receive a service response from the virtual service provider, the service response indicating a mobile network operator (MNO) to use for obtaining the service and subscription information for accessing the MNO, wherein the MNO is different than the operator of the RAN node. The WTRU may access the MNO to obtain the service.

Abstract: Several methods are provided for communicating emergency call capability information between a station and an access point (AP) in a wireless local area network. The methods include advertising by the AP of its emergency call capabilities and announcing by the station of its emergency call capabilities. The AP can advertise its emergency call capabilities in a beacon frame, a probe response frame, a reassociation response frame, or a reauthentication response frame. The station can announce its emergency call capabilities in an association request frame, a reassociation request frame, an authentication request frame, or a reauthentication request frame.

Abstract: In a wireless local area network including an access controller (AC) and an access points (AP), the AC transmits a functionality inquiry to the AP. Upon receiving the inquiry, the AP transmits a query response including the functional capabilities of the AP. The AC then generates a map of the functional capabilities present in the network based on the inquiry response. Conflicting or redundant functional capabilities are identified and are disabled, enabled, or reconfigured by instructions from the AC. The AC may selectively enable and/or disable functional capabilities at nodes in the network to provide a more balanced load on the network, and to provide for load sharing by allocating functionalities between and among network nodes having common functional capabilities to satisfy a variety of situations encountered in the network.

Abstract: Methods and systems providing application layer support for one or more sleeping nodes in constrained networks are contemplated. Embodiments contemplate inserting sleep information in a header option or payload of an application layer message. The application layer message may be conveyed in a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) or a constrained application protocol (CoAP). Embodiments contemplate communicating the application layer message to a server, which may serve as a caching and/or buffering proxy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a handover are disclosed. An Internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) client registers with an IMS network and establishes an MIH session with an MIH application server using an SIP. The IMS client establishes a session for IP-based service, (e.g., VoIP), with a communication peer using SIP messaging. MIH messages are exchanged for handover with the MIH application server over IP using SIP messages by encapsulating the MIH messages in SIP instant messages. Alternatively, the MIH messages may be exchanged with the MIH application over IP by sending equivalent SIP messages in place of the MIH messages.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), method and system for efficiently handling various types of wireless services across multiple wireless access technologies for WTRUs that may operate in multiple types of networks is disclosed.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for attaching an IMS enabled wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to a long term evolution (LTE) wireless network. With one attach request, the WTRU registers and authenticates itself to the network, obtains an IP address allocation, and SIP registration.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include two or more modems, each configured to link to a different network, and a media independent handover (MIH) client. An application programming interfaces (API) may provide the MIH client with mechanisms to receive information about links, control the modems for handover, discover a MIH server and IP multimedia system nodes, trigger mobile IP handover, etc. If a link has been successfully established, the MIH client may start a MIH session. When the modem indicates that a connection is going to be terminated, the MIH client may activate the second modem for handover. If the first modem indicates that a link parameter has crossed a threshold, the MIH client may send signal measurements to a MIH server. After receiving a media independent handover switch request, the MIH client may initiate handover to the second network.

Abstract: The present invention modifies existing media independent handover (MIH) function (MIHF) frame format as defined by the IEEE 802.21 standard. In one embodiment, the variable load of the MIHF frame is modified to eliminate the MIHF variable header by defining the MIHF identification (ID) field and the session ID field as fixed fields in the MIHF fixed header. Thus, the MIHF variable load is only made up of the MIHF payload. In another embodiment, a field such as an information element (IE), a header, or MIH service data such as a command or an event, is represented by a type field, a length field and a value field (TLV). The length of the value field is exactly 128 octets, and the length field only occupies one octet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used for exchanging measurements in wireless communications. The apparatus may receive a request. The request may be a measurement request, and may include a request for a measurement of a parameter. The apparatus may transmit a report. The report may be a measurement report, and may include the requested measurement of a parameter. The apparatus may store the requested measurement of the parameter in a management information base (MIB).

Abstract: A method for controlling behavior of lower layer links related to media independent handover (MIH) of a mobile user comprises sending a MIH link actions request primitive from a MIH User entity to a MIH function (MIHF) for requesting actions to be executed on a set of lower layer links to heterogeneous radio access technology (RAT) networks. The primitive includes parameters that indicate the requested actions and an execution time delay. Confirmation primitives are sent back the MIH User entity to convey the results of the execution attempts on the requested actions.

Abstract: This invention relates to wireless local area networks (WLANs), and the interoperability of networks of different types or conforming to different standards, and to methods and apparatus to allow a multimode wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), which is able to operate in more than one type of network, to handover from one network type to another without adversely affecting service, utilizing a mechanism and information flows implemented in a new protocol stack.