Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an exemplary method for designing, implementing, and making a high capacity low leakage multilayer stack for various electronic applications. In a particular embodiment, the multilayer stack is made up of a dielectric/ferroelectric/dielectric trilayer. This configuration has shown to have giant dielectric permittivity which is much higher than conventional gate dielectrics. The DE/FE interlayer exhibits strong interlayer coupling, yielding desired properties. In order to prevent leakage and loss while maintaining high capacity, certain parameters of each layer must exist. The present disclosure describes a method of quantitatively achieving these parameters through correlating critical fraction with dielectric constant. Moreover, this method can be used for scalability of electronic materials.

Abstract: Consistent with the present invention, tunable demultiplexers are provided in WSS-based add/drop multiplexer. The tunable demultiplexers are modular and thus allow the add/drop multiplexer to be readily expandable, and facilitate flexible add/drop capabilities whereby a channel present on any input line to the WSS can be dropped and supplied to one or more desired outputs of the tunable demultiplexer. Similar flexibility can be achieved on the add-side of the WSS. Moreover, the demultiplexers and the WSS are remotely configurable, thus obviating the need to manually disconnect and connect demultiplexers to a router. In a particular embodiment, multicast switches are provided that permit the same channel, for example, to be provided to one or more outputs of the add/drop multiplexer, such that copy of the channel can carry working traffic while the other copy carries protection traffic. As a result, 1+1 and 1:N optical layer protection can be achieved.

Abstract: Consistent with the present invention, tunable demultiplexers are provided in WSS-based add/drop multiplexer. The tunable demultiplexers are modular and thus allow the add/drop multiplexer to be readily expandable, and facilitate flexible add/drop capabilities whereby a channel present on any input line to the WSS can be dropped and supplied to one or more desired outputs of the tunable demultiplexer. Similar flexibility can be achieved on the add-side of the WSS. Moreover, the demultiplexers and the WSS are remotely configurable, thus obviating the need to manually disconnect and connect demultiplexers to a router. In a particular embodiment, multicast switches are provided that permit the same channel, for example, to be provided to one or more outputs of the add/drop multiplexer, such that copy of the channel can carry working traffic while the other copy carries protection traffic. As a result, 1+1 and 1:N optical layer protection can be achieved.

Abstract: A universal in-service monitoring scheme to monitor performances of optical networks, including elements that make up the optical network, is proposed. The elements may be a wavelength selective switch or an optical cross connect. In this scheme, a small tunable probe signal is injected into the optical network via an input of the network. An output signal is received at the output and processed to determine if the probe signal is contained within the output signal. The scheme is such that probe signal injection and detection devices need not be physically co-located. Thus, the scheme is useful to test even optical network that spans thousands of miles. The probe signal is non-interfering with the network traffic so the network can be providing service while its performance is monitored. As examples of the probe signal detection mechanisms include lock-in amplification and coherent detection.

Abstract: A flexible wavelength switch fabric may be implemented with multiple groups of reconfigurable blocking filters or with multiple multi-in, single out wavelength selective switches. The behaviors of reconfigurable blocking filters are individually settable, such as channel blocking, channel spacing, transmission rate, and default blocking state. Add and drop taps may be added to provide arbitrary add/drop capability. Optical splitters/combiners used may be tunable so that insertion losses may be minimized for the overall network.

Abstract: The encoder/decoder design for spectrum-encoded optical CDMA systems uses waveguide circuits monolithically integrated on one chip to fulfill essential encoding and decoding functions. The integrated device functions as a 1×2 wavelength selective Mach-Zehnder interferometer switch to encode the input broadband light source and to decode the transmitted spectrally encoded signals. The device comprises a frontal 3-dB coupler, a double-ended arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG), and arrays of thermooptic phase shifters and attenuators, together with their symmetric images reflected from the high-reflection coated facet, to realize all required functionality. The thermooptic phase shifters and attenuators are programmable through electronic interface to realize programmable encoding and decoding capabilities. The attenuators are used to equalize the powers and to increase the ON/OFF extinction ratio of all spectral chips.

Abstract: The invention is an optical ADD/DROP filter suitable for dense wavelength division multiplexing/de-multiplexing. It comprises an optical bench having a longitudinal V-groove into which the optical components of the ADD/DROP filter are passively aligned and bonded. The bench further includes first and second pairs of opposed, spaced, vertical members at each end between which a fiber array block is inserted. In the method of constructing the ADD/DROP filter, an interference filter is bonded to a first collimating lens. Then, the first collimating lens with the interference filter attached thereto and a second collimating lens are placed in the V-groove of the bench where they are passively aligned. The two collimating lenses are then bonded to the bench. Fiber array substrates are inserted between the pairs of opposed, spaced, vertical members and a UV transparent block is inserted on top of each fiber array between the corresponding pair of opposed, spaced, vertical members.

Abstract: The invention is an optical ADD/DROP filter suitable for dense wavelength division multiplexing/de-multiplexing. It comprises an optical bench having a longitudinal V-groove into which the optical components of the ADD/DROP filter are passively aligned and bonded. The bench further includes first and second pairs of opposed, spaced, vertical members at each end between which a fiber array block is inserted. In the method of constructing the ADD/DROP filter, an interference filter is bonded to a first collimating lens. Then, the first collimating lens with the interference filter attached thereto and a second collimating lens are placed in the V-groove of the bench where they are passively aligned. The two collimating lenses are then bonded to the bench. Fiber array substrates are inserted between the pairs of opposed, spaced, vertical members and a UV transparent block is inserted on top of each fiber array between the corresponding pair of opposed, spaced, vertical members.

Abstract: The invention relates to polypeptides that bind to the oncogene product mdm2 and the uses of the identified polypeptides in therapeutic compositions to treat aberrant cell division in humans.

Abstract: A real time multi-channel wavelength monitoring circuit for monitoring Waveguide Division Multiplexing communications networks (WDM) is disclosed. The monitoring circuit monitors the full wavelength of an input signal by providing center offset inputs into a Phased Array Waveguide Grating (PAWG). By providing center offset inputs to a PAWG the passband crossover point can be changed optimizing a different dynamic range and wavelength resolution.