Abstract: An electric propulsion system for a mobile platform includes a battery system connected to positive and negative bus rails, an accessory load having a rotary electric machine, a traction power inverter module (“TPIM”), and an accessory load, switches configured to transition the battery modules to a series-connected (“S-connected”) configuration during a direct current fast-charging (“DCFC”) operation of the battery system, and a controller. When battery modules of the battery system are connected in series during a direct current fast-charging (“DCFC”) operation, the controller executes a diagnostic method to determine bus rail voltages on the positive and negative bus rails and a mid-bus voltage, identifies a diagnosed electrical condition of the electric propulsion system by comparing the voltages to expected values or ranges, and executes a control action in response to the diagnosed electrical condition.

Abstract: A multi-pack battery system having at least first and second battery packs each with positive and negative terminals, and each with upper and lower switches respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals. The battery packs have a first voltage level, and are connectable in either series or parallel. A controller controls an ON/OFF state of the switches in response to input signals to select between two series charging modes, three parallel charging modes, and one or more propulsion modes. Some embodiments have a series propulsion mode. An electric powertrain system includes first and second power inverter modules (“PIMs”), an electrical load, front and rear electric machines connected to a respective one of the first and second PIMs, and the battery system. The powertrain system may selectively provide all-wheel, front-wheel, or rear-wheel drive capabilities in each of the various propulsion modes.

Abstract: An active isolation detection method may be used with an electrical system having a battery pack connected to a high-voltage bus. The bus has positive and negative bus rails, each having a respective rail-to-ground voltage. The method may include connecting variable resistance element to the high-voltage bus, and determining input information indicative electrical characteristics of the battery pack, the high-voltage bus, and/or a charging station. The method includes varying a bias resistance of the high-voltage bus, via control of the variable resistance element, e.g., via duty cycle control of a binary switch in series with a bias resistor, to produce a varied bias resistance based on the input information. A target voltage shift is achieved on the high-voltage bus as a target level of change in one of the rail-to-ground voltages. An isolation resistance of the electrical system is determined via the controller using the varied bias resistance.

Abstract: Presented are traction battery pack balancing systems, methods for making/operating such systems, and multi-pack, electric-drive motor vehicles with battery pack balancing capabilities.

Abstract: Methods of charging a vehicle battery pack are disclosed. Example methods may include determining a voltage imbalance between at least two parallel strings of a battery pack exceeds a threshold magnitude. Methods may further include electrically reducing the voltage imbalance between the at least two parallel strings using a series circuit including a first group of one or more of the battery cells of a first one of the parallel strings, and reconnecting the parallel strings in an electrical circuit in parallel to each other, in which configuration the strings of the battery pack may supply power to the vehicle.

Abstract: A seat for at least one occupant of a vehicle includes a seat cushion, a back, and a first side component. The seat cushion has a front end, a back end, and a longitudinal axis extending through the front and back ends. The seat cushion includes a rear portion and a front portion. The rear portion is disposed at the back end and includes a first top surface that is configured to engage the occupant. The front portion is disposed at the front end. At least one of the front and rear portions is configured to move along the longitudinal axis with respect to the other of the front and rear portions. The back is disposed at the back end of the seat cushion. The first side component is coupled to the back. The first side component is configured to move between a stowed configuration and a use configuration.

Abstract: An electrical system includes cables, a DC charge connector, first and second battery modules, a splice device, and a controller. Each battery module has first, second, third, and fourth electrical connectors receiving a respective one of the cables. The battery modules are connected to each other via the cables, and further have first, second, third, and fourth switches that connect battery cell strings to one or more connectors. The charge connector is connected to one of the cables between the first electrical connectors. The splice device connects the charge connector to the first connector of the first battery module and to a pair of the cables. A charging current may be split between the battery modules. The controller selectively establishes parallel charging, parallel drive, and separate drive and charging modes for each battery module. The system may have an independent drive mode.

Abstract: An electrical system includes cables, a DC charge connector, first and second battery modules, a splice device, and a controller. Each battery module has first, second, third, and fourth electrical connectors receiving a respective one of the cables. The battery modules are connected to each other via the cables, and further have first, second, third, and fourth switches that connect battery cell strings to one or more connectors. The charge connector is connected to one of the cables between the first electrical connectors. The splice device connects the charge connector to the first connector of the first battery module and to a pair of the cables. A charging current may be split between the battery modules. The controller selectively establishes parallel charging, parallel drive, and separate drive and charging modes for each battery module. The system may have an independent drive mode.

Abstract: A system is configured to perform metrology on a front surface, a back surface opposite the front surface, and/or an edge between the front surface and the back surface of a wafer. This can provide all wafer metrology and/or metrology of thin films on the back surface of the wafer. In an example, the thickness and/or optical properties of a thin film on a back surface of a wafer can be determined using a ratio of a greyscale image of a bright field light emerging from the back surface of the wafer under test to that of a reference wafer.

Abstract: Wafer edge profile images are analyzed at locations around a bonded wafer, which may have a top wafer and a carrier wafer. An offset curve is generated based on the wafer edge profile images. Displacement of the top wafer to the carrier wafer is determined based on the offset curve. The wafer edge profile images may be generated at multiple locations around the wafer. The wafer edge profile images may be shadowgram images. A system to determine displacement of the top wafer to the carrier wafer can include an imaging system connected with a controller.

Abstract: A solenoid assembly includes a solenoid actuator having a core. A coil is configured to be wound at least partially around the core such that a magnetic flux (?) is generated when an electric current flows through the coil. An armature is configured to be movable based on the magnetic flux (?). A controller has a processor and tangible, non-transitory memory on which is recorded instructions for controlling the solenoid assembly. The controller is configured to obtain a plurality of model matrices, a coil current (i1) and an eddy current (i2). The magnetic flux (?) is obtained based at least partially on a third model matrix (C0), the coil current (i1) and the eddy current (i2). Operation of the solenoid actuator is controlled based at least partially on the magnetic flux (?). In one example, the solenoid actuator is an injector.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus and methods for determining height of a semiconductor structure. The system includes an illumination module for directing one or more source lines or points towards a specimen having multiple surfaces at different relative heights and a collection module for detecting light reflected from the surfaces. The collection module contains at least two detectors with one slit or pinhole in front of each detector that that are positioned to receive light reflected from one of the surfaces. A first detector receives reflected light from a slit or pinhole that is positioned before a focal point, and a second detector receive reflected light from a slit or pinhole that is positioned after the focal point so that the first and second detector receive light having different intensity values unless the surface is at an optimum focus. The system includes a processor system for determining a height based on the detected light received by the detectors from two of the surfaces.

Abstract: Methods of charging a vehicle battery pack are disclosed. Example methods may include determining a voltage imbalance between at least two parallel strings of a battery pack exceeds a threshold magnitude. Methods may further include electrically reducing the voltage imbalance between the at least two parallel strings using a series circuit including a first group of one or more of the battery cells of a first one of the parallel strings, and reconnecting the parallel strings in an electrical circuit in parallel to each other, in which configuration the strings of the battery pack may supply power to the vehicle.

Abstract: A seat for at least one occupant of a vehicle includes a seat cushion, a back, and a first side component. The seat cushion has a front end, a back end, and a longitudinal axis extending through the front and back ends. The seat cushion includes a rear portion and a front portion. The rear portion is disposed at the back end and includes a first top surface that is configured to engage the occupant. The front portion is disposed at the front end. At least one of the front and rear portions is configured to move along the longitudinal axis with respect to the other of the front and rear portions. The back is disposed at the back end of the seat cushion. The first side component is coupled to the back. The first side component is configured to move between a stowed configuration and a use configuration.

Abstract: Technical solutions are described herein for providing driver notification in a vehicle. An example system includes one or more sensors that measure one or more attributes of a remote object in a predetermined vicinity of the vehicle. The system further includes an output device that provides a notification to a driver. The system further includes a remote object monitoring system that generates a driver notification to be provided via the output device based on the attributes of the remote object. Generating the driver notification includes determining a recklessness score for the remote object based on the attributes of the remote object. Generating the driver notification further includes, in response to the recklessness score exceeding a predetermined threshold, generating the driver notification that comprises a directional information that provides a spatial awareness of a location of the remote object in relation to the vehicle.

Abstract: A solenoid assembly includes a solenoid having a coil, a current sensor configured to measure the coil current, and a controller. The controller estimates the coil current using a solenoid model, with output of the solenoid model being an estimated coil current, and receives the measured coil current from the current sensor. The controller also calculates an error value having an error sign by subtracting the estimated coil current from the measured coil current. Responsive to the error value exceeding a calibrated error threshold while the control voltage deviates from a nominal value, the controller diagnoses a solenoid fault condition. Responsive to diagnosing the solenoid fault condition, the controller isolates or identifies a particular solenoid fault condition from among a plurality of possible fault conditions, and records a diagnostic code indicative of the particular solenoid fault condition.

Abstract: Technical solutions are described for providing a driver performance feedback to a driver of a vehicle. An example method includes receiving, by a controller, a first maneuver control from an automated driving system of the vehicle. The method further includes receiving, by the controller, a second maneuver control from the driver. The method further includes, in response to the first maneuver control being different from the second maneuver control, generating a driver notification that is indicative of the first maneuver control from the automated driving system, and operating the vehicle using the second maneuver control.

Abstract: Technical solutions are described herein for adjusting a notification system of a vehicle. An example method includes receiving, by a controller, an occupant profile of an occupant of the vehicle. The method further includes adjusting, by the controller, a haptic array according to the occupant profile, the haptic array comprising a plurality of haptic actuators, the adjusting comprising activating a first subset of the haptic actuators and deactivating a second subset of the haptic actuators. Further, the method includes providing, by the haptic array, a notification to the occupant of the vehicle by providing a haptic feedback using the activated haptic actuators.

Abstract: Two or more color data can be combined to form a new data source to enhance sensitivity to defocus signal. Defocus detection can be performed on the newly formed data source. In a setup step, a training wafer can be used to select the best color combination, and obtain defocus detection threshold. This can include applying a segment mask, calculating mean intensities of the segment, determining a color combination that optimizes defocus sensitivity, and generating a second segment mask based on pixels that are above a threshold to sensitivity. In a detection step, the selected color combination is calculated, and the threshold is applied to obtain defocus detection result.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle propulsion includes an engine and a first electric machine, where each is configured to selectively provide torque to propel the vehicle. The propulsion system also includes a second electric machine coupled to the engine to provide torque to start the engine from an inactive state. A high-voltage power source is configured to power both of the first electric machine and the second electric machine over a high-voltage bus. The propulsion system further includes a controller programmed to deactivate the engine and propel the vehicle using the first electric machine in response to the vehicle being driven at a steady-state speed for a predetermined duration of time. The controller is also programmed to restart the engine using the second electric machine powered by the high-voltage power source.