Abstract: A vibration generating device includes a vibrator, and a driving device configured to switch between a first period and a second period at a third frequency, the first period being a period during which a first signal having a first frequency of 100 Hz or higher and 400 Hz or lower is supplied to the vibrator, the second period being a period during which a second signal having a second frequency that is lower than the first frequency and is 10 Hz or higher and 250 Hz or lower is supplied to the vibrator, the third frequency being 1 Hz or higher and 100 Hz or less.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises a reflective LC display device and a polarizing beam splitter having a polarizing separative plane and wired grids. The LC molecules of the device are aligned such that i) a segment on a second subtracted, produced by projecting a major axis of each LC molecule perpendicularly onto the second substrate, makes an angle of 42 to 48 degrees counterclockwise or counterclockwise in relation to a direction of a straight line on the second substrate, formed by projecting each wire grid perpendicularly onto the second substrate and ii) of both ends of the segment, one end meeting an end of each LC molecule, which is positioned nearer to the second substrate than the other end, is positioned nearer to an intersection at which a plane including the polarizing separative plane and a plane including the second substrate mutually intersects, than the other end of the segment.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a composition for forming a liquid crystal alignment film capable of forming a liquid crystal alignment film excellent in evenness; and a liquid crystal display device. The present invention provides a composition for forming a liquid crystal alignment film, wherein the composition comprises: a material for forming a liquid crystal alignment film; 4,6-dimethyl-2-heptanone; diisobutyl ketone; and at least one of ?-butyrolactone and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as solvents.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises a reflective LC display device and a polarizing beam splitter having a polarizing separative plane and wired grids. The LC molecules of the device are aligned such that i) a segment on a second subtracted, produced by projecting a major axis of each LC molecule perpendicularly onto the second substrate, makes an angle of 42 to 48 degrees counterclockwise or counterclockwise in relation to a direction of a straight line on the second substrate, formed by projecting each wire grid perpendicularly onto the second substrate and ii) of both ends of the segment, one end meeting an end of each LC molecule, which is positioned nearer to the second substrate than the other end, is positioned nearer to an intersection at which a plane including the polarizing separative plane and a plane including the second substrate mutually intersects, than the other end of the segment.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device combined with an optical system with a wire grid is provided for light modulation by a liquid crystal layer. This layer, made of nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, is formed such that first and second orientation directions on first and second substrates are rotated by “60±?” and “60±?” degrees in first and second rotating directions starting from a reference direction, respectively. The first and second rotating directions are mutually opposite, the reference direction is parallel to the first and second substrates and within in an angular range defined by a central angle plus ±5 degrees wherein the central angle is ±45 degrees from an oscillation direction of incident polarized light, and a relationship of |?|+|?|?10 (? and ? are zero or positive integers) is fulfilled.

Abstract: The rolling machine element includes a first member in which a raceway surface is formed and a second member on which the first member is mounted through the rolling elements and which is formed to be able to guide the first member in a specified direction. The rolling machine element is characterized in that the first member can be moved in the guiding direction of the second member by allowing the rolling elements to move in an out of the raceway surface in an orderly arranged state, and the crowning based on the oval shape is formed at the end part of the raceway surface of the first member where an access point for the rolling elements is formed.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device combined with an optical system with a wire grid is provided for light modulation by a liquid crystal layer. This layer, made of nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, is formed such that first and second orientation directions on first and second substrates are rotated by “60±?” and “60±?” degrees in first and second rotating directions starting from a reference direction, respectively. The first and second rotating directions are mutually opposite, the reference direction is parallel to the first and second substrates and within in an angular range defined by a central angle plus ±5 degrees wherein the central angle is ±45 degrees from an oscillation direction of incident polarized light, and a relationship of |?|+|?|?10 (? and ? are zero or positive integers) is fulfilled.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device combined with an optical system with a wire grid is provided for light modulation by a liquid crystal layer. This layer, made of nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, is formed such that first and second orientation directions on first and second substrates are rotated by “60±?” and “60±?” degrees in first and second rotating directions starting from a reference direction, respectively. The first and second rotating directions are mutually opposite, the reference direction is parallel to the first and second substrates and within in an angular range defined by a central angle plus ±5 degrees wherein the central angle is ±45 degrees from an oscillation direction of incident polarized light, and a relationship of |?|+|?|?10 (? and ? are zero or positive integers) is fulfilled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique of a method for driving an image displaying apparatus to suppress animated picture pseudo-contour, flicker disturbance and pseudo-contour disturbance by making weighting of light emission within a field is made equal to or almost equal to each other at all gradations. According to this technique, when an image signal of multiple gradation is expressed by dividing one field duration into a plurality of subfields with different relative ratios of luminance, a given number of subfields among a plurality of subfields are divided into “2n” subfields (SF1a to SF8b) wherein “n” represents an arbitrary integral number. Then, “2n” subfield groups (SF1a to SF8a, SF1b to SF8b) are formed so that one group divided into “2n” subfield belong to the groups different from each other. Subfield groups (A and B) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of one field duration, and the subfields (SFna, SFnb) divided into “2n” subfields are symmetrically arranged.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal projection apparatus 14 is composed of a light source 2, a polarizing plate 16A for incident light, a reflective liquid crystal element 8, another polarizing plate 16B for reflected light that is disposed in the cross Nicol relation with the polarizing plate 16A and a phase difference compensating plate 18 disposed between the reflective liquid crystal element 8 and the other polarizing plate 16B. The reflective liquid crystal projection apparatus 14 projects a picture image formed in the reflective liquid crystal element 8 on a screen 12 through a projection lens 10. The phase difference compensating plate 18 has no anisotropy in a plane parallel direction and a larger refractive index in the plane parallel direction than another refractive index in the thickness direction, and is disposed with being slightly tilted with respect to the reflective liquid crystal element 8.

Abstract: A rolling machine element capable of remarkably increasing a loading capacity, rigidity, and accuracy by forming a crowning based on an oval shape at the raceway surface end part of a guide block (ball guide, roller guide, etc.) or an outer tube (ball spline, ball bush, etc.) to accept a large load on rolling elements even near the end of the crowning. The rolling machine element includes a first member in which a raceway surface is formed and a second member on which the first member is mounted through the rolling elements and which is formed to be able to guide the first member in a specified direction. The rolling machine element is characterized in that the first member can be moved in the guiding direction of the second member by allowing the rolling elements to move in an out of the raceway surface in an orderly arranged state, and the crowning based on the oval shape is formed at the end part of the raceway surface of the first member where an access point for the rolling elements is formed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a liquid-crystal display unit having a matrix of multiple pixels. A field of a digital input video signal to be supplied to the liquid-crystal display unit is divided into a plurality of subfields. The voltage of the digital video signal is adjusted per subfield to compensate for change in gamma characteristics of the liquid-crystal display unit. Instead of the voltage, the period of at least one subfield of the video signal can be adjusted for compensating for change in the gamma characteristics of the liquid-crystal display unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a liquid-crystal display unit having a matrix of multiple pixels. A field of a digital input video signal to be supplied to the liquid-crystal display unit is divided into a plurality of subfields. The voltage of the digital video signal is adjusted per subfield to compensate for change in gamma characteristics of the liquid-crystal display unit. Instead of the voltage, the period of at least one subfield of the video signal can be adjusted for compensating for change in the gamma characteristics of the liquid-crystal display unit.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus comprises a reflective LC display device and a polarizing beam splitter having a polarizing separative plane and wired grids. The LC molecules of the device are aligned such that i) a segment on a second subtracted, produced by projecting a major axis of each LC molecule perpendicularly onto the second substrate, makes an angle of 42 to 48 degrees counterclockwise or counterclockwise in relation to a direction of a straight line on the second substrate, formed by projecting each wire grid perpendicularly onto the second substrate and ii) of both ends of the segment, one end meeting an end of each LC molecule, which is positioned nearer to the second substrate than the other end, is positioned nearer to an intersection at which a plane including the polarizing separative plane and a plane including the second substrate mutually intersects, than the other end of the segment.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device combined with an optical system with a wire grid is provided for light modulation by a liquid crystal layer. This layer, made of nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, is formed such that first and second orientation directions on first and second substrates are rotated by “60±?” and “60±?” degrees in first and second rotating directions starting from a reference direction, respectively. The first and second rotating directions are mutually opposite, the reference direction is parallel to the first and second substrates and within in an angular range defined by a central angle plus ±5 degrees wherein the central angle is ±45 degrees from an oscillation direction of incident polarized light, and a relationship of |?|+|?|?10 (? and ? are zero or positive integers) is fulfilled.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal projection apparatus 14 is composed of a light source 2, a polarizing plate 16A for incident light, a reflective liquid crystal element 8, another polarizing plate 16B for reflected light that is disposed in the cross Nicol relation with the polarizing plate 16A and a phase difference compensating plate 18 disposed between the reflective liquid crystal element 8 and the other polarizing plate 16B. The reflective liquid crystal projection apparatus 14 projects a picture image formed in the reflective liquid crystal element 8 on a screen 12 through a projection lens 10. The phase difference compensating plate 18 has no anisotropy in a plane parallel direction and a larger refractive index in the plane parallel direction than another refractive index in the thickness direction, and is disposed with being slightly tilted with respect to the reflective liquid crystal element 8.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal aligning agent which can provide a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal alignment film provided with alignability for liquid crystal molecules by rubbing without fail and having excellent liquid crystal alignability. The liquid crystal aligning agent comprises at least one selected from a polyamic acid having a specific structure having 2 or 3 rings, and an imidized polymer of the polyamic acid and further having alkyl group having the main chain with 8 or more carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl group having the main chain with 3 or more carbon atoms, or 1,1-cycloalkylene group having 6 or more carbon atoms which may be substituted.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal projection apparatus 14 is composed of a light source 2, a polarizing plate 16A for incident light, a reflective liquid crystal element 8, another polarizing plate 16B for reflected light that is disposed in the cross Nicol relation with the polarizing plate 16A and a phase difference compensating plate 18 disposed between the reflective liquid crystal element 8 and the other polarizing plate 16B. The reflective liquid crystal projection apparatus 14 projects a picture image formed in the reflective liquid crystal element 8 on a screen 12 through a projection lens 10. The phase difference compensating plate 18 has no anisotropy in a plane parallel direction and a larger refractive index in the plane parallel direction than another refractive index in the thickness direction, and is disposed with being slightly tilted with respect to the reflective liquid crystal element 8.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display is driven by pulse-width modulation. One frame of an input video signal is divided into a plurality of subframes. A first pulse signal is applied to a liquid crystal irrespective of the level of the input video signal. A pulse width of the first pulse signal corresponds to the duration of the subframe. Application of the first pulse signal only does not drive the liquid crystal. A second pulse signal is applied to the liquid crystal in accordance with the level of the input video signal so that second pulses of the second pulse signal are superimposed on the first pulses at the same polarity, to perform pulse-width modulation to the liquid crystal. An average duration P of the subframes and a response time L obtained by adding a rise time and a fall time of the liquid crystal meet the requirements P<L and P?0.15×L.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique of a method for driving an image displaying apparatus to suppress animated picture pseudo-contour, flicker disturbance and pseudo-contour disturbance by making weighting of light emission within a field is made equal to or almost equal to each other at all gradations. According to this technique, when an image signal of multiple gradation is expressed by dividing one field duration to a plurality of subfields with different relative ratios of luminance, a given number of subfields among a plurality of subfields are divided to “2n” subfields (SF1a to SF8b) wherein “n” represents an arbitrary integral number. Then, “2n” subfield groups (SF1a to SF8a, SF1b to SF8b) are formed so that one group divided to “2n” subfield belong to the groups different from each other. Subfield groups (A and B) are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of one field duration, and the subfields (SFna, SFnb) divided to “2n” subfields are symmetrically arranged.