Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels. Each pixel may have a light-emitting diode such as an organic light-emitting diode. The organic light-emitting diodes may each have an anode that is coupled to a thin-film transistor pixel circuit for controlling the anode. Transparent windows may be formed in the display. The windows may be formed by replacing subpixels in some of the pixels with transparent windows. When subpixels are replaced by transparent windows, adjacent subpixels may be overdriven to compensate for lost light from the replaced subpixels. Adjacent subpixels may also be enlarged to help compensate for lost light. An array of electrical components such as an array of light sensors may be aligned with the transparent windows and may be used to measure light passing through the transparent windows.

Abstract: A microelectronic device includes a capacitor having a lower plate of interconnect metal, a capacitor dielectric layer with a lower silicon dioxide layer, a silicon oxy-nitride layer, and an upper silicon dioxide layer, and an upper plate over the upper silicon dioxide layer. The silicon oxy-nitride layer has an average index of refraction of 1.60 to 1.75 at a wavelength of 248 nanometers. To form the microelectronic device, the lower silicon dioxide layer, the silicon oxy-nitride layer, and the upper silicon dioxide layer are formed in sequence over an interconnect metal layer. An upper plate layer is patterned to form the upper plate, leaving the lower silicon dioxide layer and at least half of the silicon oxy-nitride layer over the interconnect metal layer. An interconnect mask is formed of photoresist over the upper plate and the silicon oxy-nitride layer, using the silicon oxy-nitride layer as an anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: A touch screen is disclosed. The touch screen can comprise a substrate having a first surface upon which a touch or proximity event is to be detected, and a second surface that opposes the first surface, and a touch sensor electrode and a first display pixel including a first display pixel TFT formed on the second surface of the substrate. The first touch sensor electrode can be disposed between the second surface of the substrate and the first display pixel TFT, and the first touch sensor electrode can be configured to detect the touch or proximity event. In some examples, the substrate can comprise a TFT glass substrate. In some examples, the touch screen can comprise a first touch sensor routing electrically coupled to the first touch sensor electrode, wherein the first touch sensor routing is disposed between the second surface of the substrate and the first display pixel TFT.

Abstract: A display may have an array of light-emitting diode pixels or pixels containing portions of a liquid crystal layer to which electric fields are applied using electrodes. A pixel with a light-emitting diode may have a drive transistor coupled in series with the light-emitting diode. A storage capacitor may be coupled to a gate of the drive transistor. A pixel with a liquid crystal portion may have a storage capacitor coupled to a given one of the electrodes in that pixel. Switching circuitry in each pixel may be used to load data from a data line into the storage capacitor of the pixel. The switching circuitry may include a semiconducting-oxide transistor coupled to an associated data line and a series-connected silicon transistor that is coupled to the storage capacitor.

Abstract: A touch screen having touch circuitry integrated into a display pixel stackup. The touch screen can include a transistor layer, an LED layer and a first layer. The first layer can operate as an LED cathode during a display phase and as touch circuitry during a touch sensing phase. The transistor layer can be at least partially utilized for transitioning between the display phase and the touch sensing phase. The touch screen can be fabricated to reduce or eliminate damage to the LED layer.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display such as a light-emitting diode display. The electronic device may be a head-mounted device that provides a virtual reality or augmented reality environment to a user. To reduce artifacts in the display, a display may be operable in both a normal scanning mode and a partial scanning mode. In the normal scanning mode, every row of the display may be scanned in each frame. In the partial scanning mode, only a subset of the rows of the display may be scanned in each frame. The display may have a higher refresh rate in the partial scanning mode than in the normal scanning mode. The gate driver circuitry may include a shift register that includes a plurality of register circuits. At least one register circuit may have a first input and a second input that is different than the first input.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display having an array of display pixels on a substrate. The display pixels may be organic light-emitting diode display pixels or display pixels in a liquid crystal display. In an organic light-emitting diode display, hybrid thin-film transistor structures may be formed that include semiconducting oxide thin-film transistors, silicon thin-film transistors, and capacitor structures. The capacitor structures may overlap the semiconducting oxide thin-film transistors. Organic light-emitting diode display pixels may have combinations of oxide and silicon transistors. In a liquid crystal display, display driver circuitry may include silicon thin-film transistor circuitry and display pixels may be based on oxide thin-film transistors. A single layer or two different layers of gate metal may be used in forming silicon transistor gates and oxide transistor gates. A silicon transistor may have a gate that overlaps a floating gate structure.

Abstract: A display that contains a column spacer arrangement which takes advantage of a protrusion on a TFT substrate is provided. One set of column spacers is disposed on top of the protrusion, while a second set of column spacers of substantially the same height as the first set of column spacers are disposed throughout the display. In this way, the display is adequately protected against deformation from external forces while at the same maintaining enough room to allow for a liquid crystal to spread out during the manufacturing process.

Abstract: Improvement of visual uniformity of an integrated touch screen display is provided. A touch screen can include common electrodes separated by gaps in a Vcom layer. To improve visual non-uniformity in the display resulting from the gaps, a first set of semi-transparent dummy features (primary-dummy features) can be formed on a second layer at the locations of the gaps, and a second set of dummy features (supplementary-dummy features) can also be formed on the second layer or another layer to mitigate low spatial resolution of the primary-dummy features and/or non-uniform spacing of the primary-dummy features. In some examples, holes or slits can be formed in the Vcom layer at areas of the supplementary-dummy features to further improve visual uniformity.

Abstract: A display is provided that includes an array of display pixels and gate driver circuitry for providing data and gate line signals to the display pixels. Gate driver circuitry may include gate driver circuits that generate the gate line signals. A gate driver circuit may include at least a buffer transistor, a bootstrapping capacitor coupled to the buffer transistor, a pulldown transistor coupled in series with the buffer transistor, and an isolation transistor coupled to the gate of the pulldown transistor. The buffer transistor may directly receive a first clock signal, whereas the isolation transistor may directly receive a second clock signal that is complementary to the first clock signal. The pulldown transistor is substantially larger than the buffer transistor. The buffer transistor is substantially larger than the isolation transistor. Configured as such, clock loading is minimized while the pulldown transistor is sized to provide the desired fall time performance.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with a display that has a layer of liquid crystal material interposed between a color filter layer and a thin-film-transistor layer. The thin-film-transistor layer may have a substrate with an upper surface and a lower surface. A circular polarizer may be formed on the upper surface. Thin-film transistor circuitry such as gate driver circuitry may be formed on the lower surface. A display driver circuit may be mounted on an inactive border region of the lower surface of the thin-film transistor substrate. Display pixels may form an array in a central active region of the display. A grid of metal gate and data lines may distribute signals from the display driver circuit and gate driver circuitry to the display pixels. A grid of non-reflecting lines may be interposed between the grid of metal lines and the lower surface.

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels. Display driver circuitry may supply data and control signals to the pixels. Each pixel may have seven transistors, a capacitor, and a light-emitting diode such as an organic light-emitting diode. The seven transistors may receive control signals using horizontal control lines. Each pixel may have first and second emission enable transistors that are coupled in series with a drive transistor and the light-emitting diode of that pixel. The first and second emission enable transistors may be coupled to a common control line or may be separately controlled so that on-bias stress can be effectively applied to the drive transistor. The display driver circuitry may have gate driver circuits that provide different gate line signals to different rows of pixels within the display. Different rows may also have different gate driver strengths and different supplemental gate line loading structures.

Abstract: A touch screen having touch circuitry integrated into a display pixel stackup. The touch screen can include a transistor layer, an LED layer and a first layer. The first layer can operate as an LED cathode during a display phase and as touch circuitry during a touch sensing phase. The transistor layer can be at least partially utilized for transitioning between the display phase and the touch sensing phase. The touch screen can be fabricated to reduce or eliminate damage to the LED layer.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display having an array of display pixels on a substrate. The display pixels may be organic light-emitting diode display pixels or display pixels in a liquid crystal display. In an organic light-emitting diode display, hybrid thin-film transistor structures may be formed that include semiconducting oxide thin-film transistors, silicon thin-film transistors, and capacitor structures. The capacitor structures may overlap the semiconducting oxide thin-film transistors. The silicon transistors may be configured in a top gate arrangement. The oxide transistors may be configured in a top gate or a bottom gate arrangement. In one embodiment, source-drain contacts for the silicon and oxide transistors may be formed simultaneously. In another embodiment, the silicon and oxide thin-film transistor structures may be formed using at least three metal routing layers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a cover device for measuring hue using a mobile device. After the camera unit of the mobile device acquires the ColorChecker image, the mobile device converts the color space of the image and measures the hues of the ColorChecker. In addition, while acquiring the ColorChecker image, the ColorChecker is placed in the cover device.

Abstract: A circuit for switching an LCD between display and touch modes is disclosed. The circuit can include one or more switches configured to switch one or more drive, sense, and data lines in LCD pixels according to the mode. During touch mode, the circuit switches can be configured to switch one or more drive lines to receive stimulation signals, one or more sense lines to transmit touch signals, and one or more data lines to transmit residual data signals. During display mode, the circuit switches can be configured to switch one or more drive lines and sense lines to receive common voltage signals and one or more data lines to receive data signals. The circuit can be formed around the border of the LCD chip or partially or fully on a separate chip.

Abstract: An electronic device display may have a color filter layer, a thin-film-transistor layer, and a layer of liquid crystal material. The display may have a display cover layer such as a layer of glass or plastic. Adhesive may be used to attach the upper polarizer to the display cover layer. The thin-film transistor layer may have a substrate with upper and lower surfaces. Thin-film-transistor circuitry may be formed on the upper surface. A display driver integrated circuit may be mounted to the lower surface or a flexible printed circuit and may be coupled to the thin-film-transistor circuitry using wire bonding wires. Through vias that are formed through the thin-film-transistor layer substrate may be used in coupling the thin-film-transistor circuitry to the display driver integrated circuit.

Abstract: A display may have a first stage such as a color liquid crystal display stage and a second stage such as a monochromatic liquid crystal display stage that are coupled in tandem so that light from a backlight passes through both stages. The first (upper) stage may be a high resolution display panel that is operated at a first refresh rate while the second (lower) stage is a low resolution display panel that is operated at a second refresh rate that is greater than the first refresh rate. In particular, the second stage may be configured to provide localized dimming that is synchronized to one or more moving objects in the video frames to be displayed to help reduce the perceived motion blur. The localized dimming may be provided via insertion of a black image portion that only overlaps with the moving objects, a blanking row that tracks the moving objects, a black frame, etc.

Abstract: A display may have a thin-film transistor layer and a color filter layer. The display may include light blocking structures formed on a transparent substrate. In one arrangement, a clear planarization layer may be formed over the light blocking structures. The thin-film transistor layer may be formed over the planarization layer. The color filter layer may be integrated with the thin-film transistor layer. At least light blocking structures and the planarization layer should be formed from high temperature resistance material. In another arrangement, the color filter layer may be formed on the light blocking structures. A clear planarization layer may then be formed over the color filter layer. The thin-film transistor layer may be formed on the planarization layer. In this arrangement, the color filter layer also needs to be formed from thermal resistance material.

Abstract: A display may have an array of pixels. The array of pixels may have a shape such as a circular shape or other shape with a curved edge. Display driver circuitry may supply data signals to the pixels using folded vertical data lines and bisected horizontal gate lines. Each folded vertical lines may have a first segment in a left half of the array and a second segment in a right half of the display. Curved coupling segments in an inactive area of the display may be used in joining the first and second segments. Display driver circuits may be provided in top and bottom portions of the inactive area to supply data to respective top and bottom portions of the array. Gate driver output buffers may have different strengths in different rows of the array.