Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for providing communication protocol architecture or framework for magnetic induction (MI)-based communications in wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), for example, in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, environment information of an underground region that affects the transmission qualities of MI communications is evaluated. A protocol stack is identified. The protocol stack includes a number of layers for MI communications among a number of sensors in a WUSN in the underground region. A cross-layer framework and the distributed protocol are built to jointly optimize communication functionalities of the plurality of layers based on the evaluation.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for providing a spectrally efficient communication network using clustered devices and virtualized resources in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) environment. A plurality of remote radio heads (RRHs) can be connected to a central base band unit (BBU) pool of a software-defined network (SDN) associated with the communication network. A procedure can be performed to yield a design for software-defined massive MIMO subject to a plurality of constraints. The design provides a plurality of clusters comprising the RRHs and an association of user devices to the clusters. Examples of initiating implementation of the design by the SDN are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for realizing cross-domain (wireless radio and wired core networks) and cross-layer (physical, media access control, and network) functionalities for multi-service converged 5G and beyond (5G&B) infrastructure. A virtual network can be determined that slices across domains and layers of a communication network. Data flow rates and routing solutions for the virtual network can be determined. Examples of controlling resources of a software-defined network (SDN) to achieve the data flow rates and the routing solutions are provided.

Abstract: A voltage regulator and method applied thereto are provided. The voltage regulator generates a regulated voltage in response to a reference voltage and a control code. The voltage regulator includes a voltage divider circuit, an amplifier circuit, and a power MOS array. The voltage divider circuit is configured to divide the regulated voltage to generate a feedback voltage. The amplifier circuit is configured to amplify a voltage difference between the reference voltage and the feedback voltage to generate a bias voltage. The power MOS array includes multiple transistors. Each transistor has a first terminal coupled to a power rail, a second terminal coupled to the regulated voltage, and a control terminal selectively coupled to either the power rail or the bias voltage in response to the control code.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for providing communication protocol architecture or framework for magnetic induction (MI)-based communications in wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), for example, in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, environment information of an underground region that affects the transmission qualities of MI communications is evaluated. A protocol stack is identified. The protocol stack includes a number of layers for MI communications among a number of sensors in a WUSN in the underground region. A cross-layer framework and the distributed protocol are built to jointly optimize communication functionalities of the plurality of layers based on the evaluation.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for accurate localization of wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, every sensor measures respective received magnetic field strengths (RMFSs) on a plurality of respective magnetic induction (MI) links and transmits the measured respective RMFSs to at least one anchor devices. A set of distances is determined from the measured respective RMFSs. The set of distances is processed through an ordered sequence of algorithms, namely weighted maximum likelihood estimation (WMLE), semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation, alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method (ADM), and conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA), to generate accurate localization of the wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for providing communication protocol architecture or framework for magnetic induction (MI)-based communications in wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), for example, in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, environment information of an underground region that affects the transmission qualities of MI communications is evaluated. A protocol stack is identified. The protocol stack includes a number of layers for MI communications among a number of sensors in a WUSN in the underground region. A cross-layer framework and the distributed protocol are built to jointly optimize communication functionalities of the plurality of layers based on the evaluation.

Abstract: A defect detection method for a 3D chip and a system using the same are provided. The method includes: generating a plurality of physical models having a defect of at least one defect type based on the at least one defect type of a 3D chip; generating a group of training samples for each of the physical models; generating a classifier model by using a machine learning technique algorithm via scattering parameter values of a training set; measuring an error value by comparing scattering parameter values of a testing set with the classifier model, using the classifier model as a defect model of the defect type based on the error value, and determining that a Through Silicon Via of a single die 3D chip or a stacked die 3D chip has a defect corresponding to the at least one defect type by comparing actual measurements of scattering parameter values.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for accurate localization of wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, every sensor measures respective received magnetic field strengths (RMFSs) on a plurality of respective magnetic induction (MI) links and transmits the measured respective RMFSs to at least one anchor devices. A set of distances is determined from the measured respective RMFSs. The set of distances is processed through an ordered sequence of algorithms, namely weighted maximum likelihood estimation (WMLE), semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation, alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method (ADM), and conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA), to generate accurate localization of the wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs.

Abstract: A network element (NE) comprising a receiver configured to receive packets from a plurality of flows, and a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to perform classification on the plurality of flows according to arrivals of the packets to classify the plurality of flows into a heavy-tailed (HT) class and a light-tailed (LT) class assign scheduling weights to the plurality of flows according to the classification, and select a scheduling policy to forward the packets of the plurality of flows according to the scheduling weights.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining traffic statistics of accepted hybrid traffic at a controller of a software defined network that includes multiple local switches coupled by links, calculating an end to end delay associated with the accepted hybrid traffic, determining network stability thresholds from each local switch as a function of network congestion, determining an adjusted rate decision policy as a function of the end to end delay and the network stability thresholds, the adjusted rate decision policy for use by an edge switch to determine whether or not to accept offered traffic loads.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for accurate localization of wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, every sensor measures respective received magnetic field strengths (RMFSs) on a plurality of respective magnetic induction (MI) links and transmits the measured respective RMFSs to at least one anchor devices. A set of distances is determined from the measured respective RMFSs. The set of distances is processed through an ordered sequence of algorithms, namely weighted maximum likelihood estimation (WMLE), semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation, alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method (ADM), and conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA), to generate accurate localization of the wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for providing communication protocol architecture or framework for magnetic induction (MI)-based communications in wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), for example, in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, environment information of an underground region that affects the transmission qualities of MI communications is evaluated. A protocol stack is identified. The protocol stack includes a number of layers for MI communications among a number of sensors in a WUSN in the underground region. A cross-layer framework and the distributed protocol are built to jointly optimize communication functionalities of the plurality of layers based on the evaluation.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for providing communication protocol architecture or framework for magnetic induction (MI)-based communications in wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs), for example, in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, environment information of an underground region that affects the transmission qualities of MI communications is evaluated. A protocol stack is identified. The protocol stack includes a number of layers for MI communications among a number of sensors in a WUSN in the underground region. A cross-layer framework and the distributed protocol are built to jointly optimize communication functionalities of the plurality of layers based on the evaluation.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for accurate localization of wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, every sensor measures respective received magnetic field strengths (RMFSs) on a plurality of respective magnetic induction (MI) links and transmits the measured respective RMFSs to at least one anchor devices. A set of distances is determined from the measured respective RMFSs. The set of distances is processed through an ordered sequence of algorithms, namely weighted maximum likelihood estimation (WMLE), semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation, alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method (ADM), and conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA), to generate accurate localization of the wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs.

Abstract: A defect detection method for a 3D chip and a system using the same are provided. The method includes: generating a plurality of physical models having a defect of at least one defect type based on the at least one defect type of a 3D chip; generating a group of training samples for each of the physical models; generating a classifier model by using a machine learning technique algorithm via scattering parameter values of a training set; measuring an error value by comparing scattering parameter values of a testing set with the classifier model, using the classifier model as a defect model of the defect type based on the error value, and determining that a Through Silicon Via of a single die 3D chip or a stacked die 3D chip has a defect corresponding to the at least one defect type by comparing actual measurements of scattering parameter values.

Abstract: A method includes determining a number and placement of multiple controllers in a software defined network (SDN) such that each controller controls a different set of software controlled switches in the SDN and finding optimal forwarding paths for control traffic between the switches and controllers to minimize delay of control traffic over the software defined network.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for accurate localization of wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, every sensor measures respective received magnetic field strengths (RMFSs) on a plurality of respective magnetic induction (MI) links and transmits the measured respective RMFSs to at least one anchor devices. A set of distances is determined from the measured respective RMFSs. The set of distances is processed through an ordered sequence of algorithms, namely weighted maximum likelihood estimation (WMLE), semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation, alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method (ADM), and conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA), to generate accurate localization of the wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs.

Abstract: Example computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer systems are described for accurate localization of wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs. In some aspects, every sensor measures respective received magnetic field strengths (RMFSs) on a plurality of respective magnetic induction (MI) links and transmits the measured respective RMFSs to at least one anchor devices. A set of distances is determined from the measured respective RMFSs. The set of distances is processed through an ordered sequence of algorithms, namely weighted maximum likelihood estimation (WMLE), semi-definitec programming (SDP) relaxation, alternating direction augmented Lagrangian method (ADM), and conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA), to generate accurate localization of the wireless sensor devices in underground oil reservoirs.

Abstract: An apparatus, such as a network element, comprises a receiver to receive a plurality of packets from a plurality of traffic flows and a first non-transitory memory to form a first and second set of queues to store the plurality of packets from the plurality of traffic flows. One or more processors execute instructions stored in a second non-transitory memory to limit a rate of transfer of the plurality of packets that is output from the first set of queues to the second set of queues having a plurality of delays. A packet stored in the second set of queues is selected to be output based on a comparison of the plurality of delays.