Abstract: According to an example, an apparatus for collecting a material to be spectrally analyzed includes a body having a first end and a second end, in which the body is elongated along a first axis from the first end to the second end. The body also includes a hole having an opening formed in an external surface of the body at a location between the first end and the second end and extending at least partially through the body at an angle with respect to the first axis. The body further includes a plurality of surface-enhanced spectroscopy (SES) elements positioned inside the body.

Abstract: A system includes an illumination source, a detector and a processor. The detector acquires spectral measurements of a sample under test under at least one varying condition. The processor processes the measurements to generate at least one spectral representation that includes Raman spectra and at least one spectral representation that includes non-Raman spectra.

Abstract: According to an example, apparatuses for performing multiple concurrent spectral analyzes on a sample under test include an optical system to concurrently direct a plurality of light beams onto analytes at multiple locations on the sample under test, in which the plurality of light beams cause light in either or both of a Raman spectra and a non-Raman spectra to be emitted from the analytes at the multiple locations of the sample under test. The apparatuses also include a detector to concurrently acquire a plurality of spectral measurements of the light emitted from the analytes at the multiple locations of the sample under test. Example methods of performing spectral analysis include use of the apparatuses.

Abstract: An analyzer is disclosed herein. The analyzer encompasses a substrate having a surface with a plurality of distinct V-grooves formed therein. An input flow channel is configured to intersect and fluidly communicate with each of the plurality of distinct V-grooves at respective input points, and an output flow channel is configured to intersect and fluidly communicate with each of the plurality of distinct V-grooves at respective output points.

Abstract: A firmware burning method applied in a target device, which includes a storage unit, a target circuit, and a peripheral controller, connected to the storage circuit via a first communication link, is provided. The method include steps of: providing a test fixture having a first node, a second node, and a switch circuit connected across the first and second nodes, the first and second nodes being respectively coupled to the storage circuit and the target circuit; determining whether firmware of the target circuit satisfies a condition; if not, providing a second communication link between the target circuit and the storage circuit via the first and second nodes by turning on the switch circuit, and switching the peripheral controller to a disabled state; and updating the firmware of the target circuit according to to-be-burned firmware stored in the storage circuit via the second communication link.

Abstract: A configurable Clos network includes leafs and spines and a switch fabric that connects the leafs and the spines. The switch fabric couples each leaf port of each leaf to at least one spine port of each spine.

Abstract: A scattering spectroscopy nanosensor includes a nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate to produce an optical scattering response signal indicative of a presence of an analyte when interrogated by an optical stimulus. The scattering spectroscopy nanosensor further includes a protective covering to cover and protect the nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate. The protective covering is to be selectably removed by exposure to an optical beam incident on the protective covering. The protective covering is to prevent the analyte from interacting with the nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate prior to being removed.

Abstract: A slot-line waveguide optical switch system and method are disclosed. An optical switch system can include a slot-line waveguide optical switch that includes a plurality of wall portions that are each formed from a high refractive-index material and that are arranged to form a channel portion comprising an electro-optic material interposed to extend between the plurality of wall portions. The channel portion can include an input channel to receive an input optical signal and plural output channels to receive the input optical signal from the input channel. A channel switching system can provide a voltage to an electrode coupled to a corresponding wall portion to change a relative refractive index in the output channels via the electro-optic material and thereby switch the input optical signal to one of the output channels.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus to route optical signals are disclosed. An example apparatus to route optical signals includes a plurality of hollow metal waveguide optical switch arrays. Each of the arrays comprises a plurality of optical input ports and a plurality of optical output ports. The input ports and the output ports for a first one of the arrays are arranged in a first plane, the input ports and the output ports for a second one of the arrays are arranged in a second plane, and the plurality of arrays are stacked such that the first and second planes are adjacent. The first one of the arrays is to convey optical signals from a first communication device to a second communication device and the second one of the arrays is to convey optical signals from the second communication device to the first communication device.

Abstract: A nano-wire optical block device for amplifying, modulating, and detecting an optical signal in a large-core hollow metallized waveguide. The nano-wire optical block device comprises a substrate with a plurality of nano-wires coupled to the substrate to form the nano-wire optical block. Each properly formed nano-wire is comprised of a p-doped region, an intrinsic region, and an n-doped region. The nano-wire optical block is operable to be inserted into the large-core hollow metallized waveguide to provide at least one of amplifying, modulating, and detecting the optical signal.

Abstract: A resistive memory device includes a stack comprising conductor layers and insulator layers, with the edges of the conductor layers and insulating layers exposed on the sides of the stack. An insulator is disposed on a first side of the stack to cover exposed edges of the conductor layers on the first side of the stack. A memory layer disposed over the stack and insulator, such that the memory layer is in electrical contact with edges of the conductor layers on a second side of the stack but is insulated from edges on the first side of the stack by the insulator. A conductive ribbon is disposed over the memory layer to form programmable memory elements where the conductive ribbon crosses edges of the conductor layers on the second side of the stack.

Abstract: A modulatable source is to generate a signal. A multi-mode fiber is to propagate the signal. The fiber is associated with a fiber d*NA, corresponding to a product of a fiber diameter (d) and a fiber numerical aperture (NA), substantially between 1 micron radian and 4 micron radian. A receiver is to receive the propagated signal.

Abstract: According to an example, an apparatus for collecting a material to be spectrally analyzed includes a body having a first end and a second end, in which the body is elongated along a first axis from the first end to the second end. The body also includes a hole having an opening formed in an external surface of the body at a location between the first end and the second end and extending at least partially through the body at an angle with respect to the first axis. The body further includes a plurality of surface-enhanced spectroscopy (SES) elements positioned inside the body.

Abstract: According to an example, apparatuses for performing multiple concurrent spectral analyses on a sample under test include an optical system to concurrently direct a plurality of light beams onto analytes at multiple locations on the sample under test, in which the plurality of light beams cause light in either or both of a Raman spectra and a non-Raman spectra to be emitted from the analytes at the multiple locations of the sample under test. The apparatuses also include a detector to concurrently acquire a plurality of spectral measurements of the light emitted from the analytes at the multiple locations of the sample under test. Example methods of performing spectral analysis include use of the apparatuses.

Abstract: An AC backup power system controls a power supply to selectively connect to a primary AC power source or a backup AC power source through a switching module. The switching module is controlled by a monitoring module. The monitoring module has a power monitoring unit, a first circuit switch, a second circuit switch, and a first processor. When the power monitoring unit detects an interruption of primary AC current, the first circuit switch that is normally closed is immediately turned off. The first processor then drives the switching module to connect to the backup AC power source. Once the backup AC power source reaches the zero-crossing point, the second circuit switch is turned on so that the backup AC power source provides power to the power supply. The power supply receives power at the zero-crossing point to avoid problems of sparks and coke deposition.

Abstract: A method for installing an optical tap into an optical waveguide formed in a printed circuit board which comprises obtaining a printed circuit board having an optical waveguide formed therein, cutting a transverse groove that has a front plane and a back plane into the optical waveguide, such that the back plane of the groove forms an oblique angle relative to the incident beam of light, and inserting a pre-fabricated beamsplitter into the groove so that the beamsplitter is positioned at the oblique angle of incidence relative to the beam of light to enable a predetermined portion of the beam of light to be directed out of the waveguide.

Abstract: A system includes a modulatable source and matched modal filter. The modulatable source is associated with a plurality of source modes to provide a generated signal. The matched modal filter is coupled to the modulatable source to receive the generated signal. Filter modes are to match the source modes. The matched modal filter is coupleable to a link fiber to provide a signal to the link fiber. The filter modes are to match a subset of link fiber modes to couple the plurality of filter modes to the link fiber.

Abstract: A blade includes a circuit board to insert into a slot of a chassis, an optoelectronic device on the circuit board, an optical media that is flexible, coupled to the optoelectronic device, and able to guide a plurality of optical signals, a first connector optically coupled to the optical media, and a standoff on which the first connector is mounted. The first connector includes first alignment features shaped to mate with second alignment features of a second connector. The standoff provides the first connector with sufficient freedom of motion to permit the first alignment features to shift the first connector relative to the second connector and into a seated position as the first connector and the second connector move toward each other.

Abstract: Beam couplers and splitters are disclosed herein. An example of a beam coupler and splitter includes a first waveguide having a first waveguide bevel and a bend, the first waveguide bevel to totally internally reflect at least some light incident thereon. A second waveguide includes a second waveguide bevel complementarily shaped to the first waveguide bevel, the second waveguide being coupled to the first waveguide such that i) the first waveguide bevel is offset from the second waveguide bevel so that a first portion of the first waveguide bevel is in direct contact with a first portion of the second waveguide bevel, a second portion of the first waveguide bevel is exposed, and a second portion of the second waveguide bevel is exposed, and ii) a predetermined coupling ratio is achieved.

Abstract: Scattering spectroscopy employs a scattering spectroscopy enhancing structure having a hotspot on a first side of a substrate and a nanopore in the substrate, where the nanopore is aligned with the hotspot.