Abstract: The variable magnification optical system consists of a positive first lens group, an intermediate group, and a subsequent group in order from an object side to an image side, and does not form an intermediate real image in the entire zooming range. During zooming in a first zooming mode, a distance between the first lens group and the intermediate group changes, all distances between adjacent lens groups in the intermediate group change, a distance between the intermediate group and the subsequent group changes, and all distances between adjacent lens groups in the subsequent group are stationary. During zooming in the second zooming mode, all lens groups in the first lens group and the intermediate group are stationary, and all the distances of the adjacent lens groups in the subsequent group change. The zooming in the first zooming mode and the zooming in the second zooming mode can be independent.

Abstract: A method performed by a connectivity-related network entity is provided. The method includes: receiving, from a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway and a Serving Gateway (SGW), a Short Message Service (SMS) message to be sent in a downlink; determining to use a control plane only, out of the control plane and a user plane, for transferring the SMS message; transmitting a trigger message to a user equipment to initiate establishment of connectivity with the user equipment via the control plane only and not via the user plane, wherein the user equipment starts a timer when the establishment of the control plane connectivity is initiated; receiving a response message from the user equipment; encapsulating the SMS message in a security protected Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message; and transmitting the security protected NAS message to the user equipment, in receipt of which the user equipment stops the timer.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from an object side, a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group, a positive third lens group, a positive fourth lens group, and a positive fifth lens group. During zooming, the first lens group and the fifth lens group are not moved, and the second lens group, the third lens group, and the fourth lens group are moved. The second lens group includes a negative lens closest to the object side. In a case where a focal length of the second lens group is denoted by f2 and a focal length of the negative lens of the second lens group closest to the object side is denoted by f21, the zoom lens satisfies 0.6<f2/f21<0.9.

Abstract: The zoom lens consists of a first lens group, a front group, a middle group, and a rear group, in order from an object side. The first lens group has a positive refractive power and includes a negative lens and a positive lens, successively in order from a position closest to the object side to an image side. The front group consists of one or more lens groups that move during zooming and has a negative refractive power as a whole throughout an entire zoom range. The middle group includes only one lens group as a lens group. The rear group consists of a plurality of lens groups. An aperture stop is disposed between a lens surface closest to the image side in the front group and a lens surface closest to the object side in the rear group. The zoom lens satisfies predetermined conditional expressions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for discovering a home agent serving a mobile node upon the mobile node changing its mobility management scheme in a packet-switched network and the implementation of such method in a mobile node or home agent. In order to propose a home agent discover scheme that maintains session continuity in a seamless manner upon a mobile node changing its mobility management scheme, a mobile node comprises information on its location prior to changing the mobility management scheme to one of the first signaling messages transmitted upon changing the mobility management scheme (home agent discovery message). The receiving node uses this information to identify the home agent serving the mobile node or to provide a hint to the home agent where the mobile node is registered in a response message to the mobile node.

Abstract: The variable magnification optical system consists of, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group that has a positive refractive power, a plurality of lens groups, and a final lens group that has a positive refractive power. During changing magnification, a spacing between the first lens group and the lens group closest to the object side among the plurality of lens groups changes, all spacings between adjacent lens groups in the plurality of lens groups change, and a spacing between the lens group closest to the image side and the final lens group among the plurality of lens groups changes.

Abstract: A method performed by a connectivity-related network entity is provided. The method includes: receiving, from a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway and a Serving Gateway (SGW), a Short Message Service (SMS) message to be sent in a downlink; determining to use a control plane only, out of the control plane and a user plane, for transferring the SMS message; transmitting a trigger message to a user equipment to initiate establishment of connectivity with the user equipment via the control plane only and not via the user plane, wherein the user equipment starts a timer when the establishment of the control plane connectivity is initiated; receiving a response message from the user equipment; encapsulating the SMS message in a security protected Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message; and transmitting the security protected NAS message to the user equipment, in receipt of which the user equipment stops the timer.

Abstract: A method performed by a connectivity-related network entity is provided. The method includes: receiving, from a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway and a Serving Gateway (SGW), a Short Message Service (SMS) message to be sent in a downlink; determining to use a control plane only, out of the control plane and a user plane, for transferring the SMS message; transmitting a trigger message to a user equipment to initiate establishment of connectivity with the user equipment via the control plane only and not via the user plane, wherein the user equipment starts a timer when the establishment of the control plane connectivity is initiated; receiving a response message from the user equipment; encapsulating the SMS message in a security protected Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message; and transmitting the security protected NAS message to the user equipment, in receipt of which the user equipment stops the timer.

Abstract: The variable magnification optical system consists of a positive first lens group, an intermediate group, and a subsequent group in order from an object side to an image side, and does not form an intermediate real image in the entire zooming range. During zooming in a first zooming mode, a distance between the first lens group and the intermediate group changes, all distances between adjacent lens groups in the intermediate group change, a distance between the intermediate group and the subsequent group changes, and all distances between adjacent lens groups in the subsequent group are stationary. During zooming in the second zooming mode, all lens groups in the first lens group and the intermediate group are stationary, and all the distances of the adjacent lens groups in the subsequent group change. The zooming in the first zooming mode and the zooming in the second zooming mode can be independent.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of a positive first lens group that is fixed during zooming, a negative second lens group that moves during zooming, a positive third lens group that moves during zooming, a positive fourth lens group that moves during zooming, and a positive fifth lens group that is fixed during zooming. During zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, the fourth lens group moves from an image side to an object side, the second lens group and a composite group consisting of the third lens group and the fourth lens group pass through points where respective lateral magnifications are ?1 at the same time, the fifth lens group consists of a negative fifth A lens group that moves during anti-shake operation, and a positive fifth B lens group that is fixed during the anti-shake operation, and the lateral magnification of the fifth A lens group is negative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for discovering a home agent serving a mobile node upon the mobile node changing its mobility management scheme in a packet-switched network and the implementation of such method in a mobile node or home agent. In order to propose a home agent discover scheme that maintains session continuity in a seamless manner upon a mobile node changing its mobility management scheme, a mobile node comprises information on its location prior to changing the mobility management scheme to one of the first signaling messages transmitted upon changing the mobility management scheme (home agent discovery message). The receiving node uses this information to identify the home agent serving the mobile node or to provide a hint to the home agent where the mobile node is registered in a response message to the mobile node.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from an object side, a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group, a positive third lens group, a positive fourth lens group, and a positive fifth lens group. During zooming, the first lens group and the fifth lens group are not moved, and the second lens group, the third lens group, and the fourth lens group are moved. The second lens group includes a negative lens closest to the object side. In a case where a focal length of the second lens group is denoted by f2 and a focal length of the negative lens of the second lens group closest to the object side is denoted by f21, the zoom lens satisfies 0.6<f2/f21<0.9.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for discovering a home agent serving a mobile node upon the mobile node changing its mobility management scheme in a packet-switched network and the implementation of such method in a mobile node or home agent. In order to propose a home agent discover scheme that maintains session continuity in a seamless manner upon a mobile node changing its mobility management scheme, a mobile node comprises information on its location prior to changing the mobility management scheme to one of the first signaling messages transmitted upon changing the mobility management scheme (home agent discovery message). The receiving node uses this information to identify the home agent serving the mobile node or to provide a hint to the home agent where the mobile node is registered in a response message to the mobile node.

Abstract: The zoom lens consists of, in order from the object side, a first lens group that has a positive refractive power and remains stationary during zooming, a plurality of movable lens groups that move during zooming, and a final lens group that has a positive refractive power and remains stationary during zooming. The first lens group consists of, in order from the object side, a first lens group front group that has a negative refractive power, a first lens group intermediate group that has a positive refractive power and moves during focusing, and a first lens group rear group that has a positive refractive power. The first lens group front group has, successively in order from a position closest to the object side, a negative meniscus lens concave toward an image side, and a negative lens concave toward the object side. The components of the zoom lens satisfy predetermined conditional expressions.

Abstract: The zoom lens includes, in order from the object side: a first lens group G1 that has a positive refractive power and remains stationary during zooming; a plurality of movable lens groups that move by changing distances between groups adjacent to each other in a direction of an optical axis during zooming; and a final lens group Ge that has a positive refractive power and remains stationary during zooming. At least one movable lens group has a negative refractive power. The first lens group G1 has an image side positive lens, which is a positive lens disposed to be closest to the image side, and one or more positive lenses which are disposed to be closer to the object side than the image side positive lens. The zoom lens satisfies predetermined conditional expressions relating to the image side positive lens.

Abstract: Provided are a zoom lens which can be configured to have a small size while ensuring a high zoom ratio and has high optical performance by satisfactorily correcting chromatic aberration, and an imaging apparatus including the zoom lens. The zoom lens consists of, in order from the object side, a first lens group G1 that has a positive refractive power and remains stationary during zooming, a plurality of movable lens groups that move during zooming; and a final lens group Ge that has a positive refractive power and remains stationary during zooming. At least one movable lens group has a negative refractive power. The movable lens group, which is closest to the object side and has a negative refractive power, has two or more negative lenses, and satisfies predetermined conditional expressions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for discovering a home agent serving a mobile node upon the mobile node changing its mobility management scheme in a packet-switched network and the implementation of such method in a mobile node or home agent. In order to propose a home agent discover scheme that maintains session continuity in a seamless manner upon a mobile node changing its mobility management scheme, a mobile node comprises information on its location prior to changing the mobility management scheme to one of the first signaling messages transmitted upon changing the mobility management scheme (home agent discovery message). The receiving node uses this information to identify the home agent serving the mobile node or to provide a hint to the home agent where the mobile node is registered in a response message to the mobile node.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for discovering a home agent serving a mobile node upon the mobile node changing its mobility management scheme in a packet-switched network and the implementation of such method in a mobile node or home agent. In order to propose a home agent discover scheme that maintains session continuity in a seamless manner upon a mobile node changing its mobility management scheme, a mobile node comprises information on its location prior to changing the mobility management scheme to one of the first signaling messages transmitted upon changing the mobility management scheme (home agent discovery message). The receiving node uses this information to identify the home agent serving the mobile node or to provide a hint to the home agent where the mobile node is registered in a response message to the mobile node.

Abstract: A method performed by a connectivity-related network entity is provided. The method includes: receiving, from a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway and a Serving Gateway (SGW), a Short Message Service (SMS) message to be sent in a downlink; determining to use a control plane only, out of the control plane and a user plane, for transferring the SMS message; transmitting a trigger message to a user equipment to initiate establishment of connectivity with the user equipment via the control plane only and not via the user plane, wherein the user equipment starts a timer when the establishment of the control plane connectivity is initiated; receiving a response message from the user equipment; encapsulating the SMS message in a security protected Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message; and transmitting the security protected NAS message to the user equipment, in receipt of which the user equipment stops the timer.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of a positive first lens group that is fixed during zooming, a negative second lens group that moves during zooming, a positive third lens group that moves during zooming, a positive fourth lens group that moves during zooming, and a positive fifth lens group that is fixed during zooming. During zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, the fourth lens group moves from an image side to an object side, the second lens group and a composite group consisting of the third lens group and the fourth lens group pass through points where respective lateral magnifications are ?1 at the same time, the fifth lens group consists of a negative fifth A lens group that moves during anti-shake operation, and a positive fifth B lens group that is fixed during the anti-shake operation, and the lateral magnification of the fifth A lens group is negative.