Abstract: A path switching system is provided, in which when UE has been offloaded from a first PDN-GW to a second PDN-GW, if there is an additional connection of the UE to the first PDN-GW, processing related to the additional connection can be performed on the UE side. The system includes: a control unit for sending a mobile terminal a message including information indicative of having switched relay devices, which relay a packet between the mobile terminal and a communication device, from a first relay device to a second relay device; and the mobile terminal for determining whether there is an added path other than part of a path from the mobile device before movement to the communication device and capable of being managed by the control unit, established between the mobile terminal and the first relay device, and when there is the added path, performing processing on the added path.

Abstract: A base station device includes a processing unit that performs a base station process on a mobile terminal and a core network device; a cellular communication unit for connection to the mobile terminal; and a connection control unit, wherein the cellular communication unit receives a connection request message for connection to an external network from the mobile terminal, the base station processing unit replaces an access point name of the connection request message with “APN-L” and transfers the connection request message to a mobility management entity when the access point name indicating a local network is other than APN-L, and the connection control unit performs a radio bearer setting process between the mobile terminal and the connection control unit, based on a context setup request message in which the “APN-L”, having a bearer established, received from the mobility management entity is stored.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of positive first lens group, which is fixed during changing magnification, negative second lens group, which is moved during changing magnification, negative third lens group for correcting a fluctuation of an image plane caused by changing magnification, and positive fourth lens group, which is fixed during changing magnification, which are in this order from an object side. The first lens group consists of negative lens and positive lens group consisting of three or less positive lenses in this order from the object side. Each of the negative lens and at least one of the positive lens or lenses in the first lens group has at least an aspherical surface. A predetermined formula is satisfied.

Abstract: Two access gateways are informed about each other's presence and identity, in order to establish a data path between them, thereby shortening the overall data path of data packets exchanged between two mobile nodes (MN), that are located in different networks. In particular, each access gateway is provided with the other gateway's address and additionally with the other MN's address for forwarding by the access gateway those data packets destined to the other MN to the other access gateway. A combination of Session Initiation Protocol messages (Invite and Ringing) and route optimization messages are used, so as to confer the information on the gateway's ID and MN's address to the gateways.

Abstract: A positioning server device comprises: an input unit which receives measurement information of radio waves which are transmitted between an access point and a client; a radio wave map administration unit (10) which administers radio wave map data which denotes an estimation of a correspondence relation between the radio wave measurement information and a spatial location; and a positioning unit (13) which positions the location of the client based on the radio wave measurement information and the radio wave map data. The radio wave map administration unit (10) administers first map data which relates to a fixed positioning range where it is possible for a client to be positioned to be present conventionally, and second map data which relates to an extended positioning range wherein a possibility arises that the client to be positioned may be present according to particular conditions, as radio wave map data.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a method for managing the route to be used for the user's local device access traffic through the use of intelligent switching performed by the breakout node (eNodeB, home NodeB, or home eNodeB) together with the local access gateway node of the local service domain. Essential information pertaining to performance of this intelligent switching is obtained through the communication of specific tokens using selected channels of communication. A variety of combinations pertaining to the setup, selection and composition of token and channel is possible and described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method, mobile node and computer-readable medium for establishing (or pre-establishing) a secure tunnel to an ePDG to prepare for a mobile node attachment or handover to another access network. To reduce the delay of a handover or upon attachment of a mobile node to an access network implied by mechanisms to discover a ePDG, the mobile node maintains a reachability list that can be consulted to identify an ePDG or ePDGs that are reachable in the target access network, i.e. to which the mobile node may establish a secure tunnel. If the mobile node can identify a reachable ePDG for a given access network from the reachability list, the mobile node (pre-)establishes a secure tunnel to the ePDG upon attaching to the given access network. In alternative solutions DNS, DHCP or other mechanism can be used to provide the mobile node with information on ePDGs in its vicinity.

Abstract: An offloading method comprising the steps of: when the mobile terminal starts offloading in a first network, transmitting, by the mobile terminal, a first message to a mobility management device performing mobility management of the mobile terminal in a second network, the first message including information indicating that the offloading is started; transmitting, by the mobility management device, a second message to the mobile terminal, the second message including selection information in the second network, the selection information being for selecting, on basis of the first message, as to in which network offloading is to be performed; and deciding, by the mobile terminal, whether the offloading is to be maintained in the first network or whether new offloading is to be performed in the second network on a basis of the selection information included in the second message and judgment information in the first network that the mobile terminal has.

Abstract: A method for a handover of a mobile node from a non-3GPP to a 3GPP network, and of a mobile node, which is located in a non-3GPP/3GPP network. The handover is improved by discovering an appropriate MME and registering the mobile node at the discovered mobility management entity (MME), in advance. This includes to first determine the location of the mobile node in the non-3GPP network, so as to be able to detect an MME in the vicinity of the mobile node's location. The 3GPP contexts are then transmitted to the new MME before the handover is performed. Moreover, the Serving-Gateway in the 3GPP network is changed before performing a handover, thereby accelerating the handover. When a handover gets likely, the mobile node's location is determined and a new Serving-Gateway is selected. The data path is changed to go via the new Serving-Gateway.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system substantially consists of a first lens-group having positive refractive-power, and which is fixed during magnification change, a second lens-group having negative refractive-power, a third lens-group having negative refractive-power, a fourth lens-group having negative refractive-power, an aperture stop, which is fixed during magnification change, and a fifth lens-group having positive refractive-power, and which is fixed during magnification change, in this order from an object-side along an optical-axis.

Abstract: A technology is disclosed that provides a handover method and the like capable of improving communication efficiency by reducing tunnel overhead between a mobile node and a home agent. The technology includes: a step of transmitting, by a mobile node (UE) 107, a message including a home address allocation request in a network 102 of the handover destination and an allocated first address, to a home agent (HA) via an access router 104 before a handover; and a step of performing, by the HA, a predetermined process based on the received message and transmitting to the UE, a response message including a home address in response to the allocation request.

Abstract: A variable-magnification optical-system substantially consists of a first-lens-group having positive-refractive-power, a second-lens-group having negative-refractive-power, a third-lens-group having negative-refractive-power, a fourth-lens-group having negative-refractive-power, an aperture-stop, and a fifth-lens-group having positive-refractive-power in this order from an object-side along an optical-axis. The second-lens-group, third-lens-group and fourth-lens-group move when magnification is changed from a wide-angle-end to a telephoto-end.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system includes a relay lens group (a fifth lens group) substantially consisting of a relay front group and a relay rear group with a predetermined air space therebetween, and which is fixed during magnification change and has image formation action, and an extender lens group insertably and detachably arranged between the relay front group and the relay rear group, and which extends a focal length toward a telephoto side without changing an image formation position. The extender lens group substantially consists of a first lens group having positive refractive power and a second lens group having negative refractive power in this order from an object side. The second lens group is a cemented lens substantially consisting of a convex meniscus lens, a biconcave lens and a convex meniscus lens in this order from the object side.

Abstract: The invention relates to optimizing a data path between two communication nodes. A route optimization agent (ROA) is determined in the current network of the second communication node, preferably on the data path between the two communication nodes. Then, an IP tunnel is established between the first communication node and the ROA, the IP tunnel and the corresponding security association of said IP tunnel being based on the home address of the first communication node in its home network. The first communication node may have two IP tunnels based on the same home address, one to its home agent and one to the ROA. Corresponding routing entries and binding cache entries need to be established in the ROA and the first communication node so that all data packets between the two communication nodes are exchanged via the established IP tunnel over the ROA.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for informing two access gateways about each other's presence and identity, in order to establish a data path between them, thereby shortening the overall data path of data packets exchanged between two mobile nodes (MN), that are located in different networks. In particular, each access gateway is provided with the other gateway's address and additionally with the other MN's address for forwarding by the access gateway those data packets destined to the other MN to the other access gateway. A combination of Session Initiation Protocol messages (Invite and Ringing) and route optimization messages are used, so as to confer the information on the gateway's ID and MN's address to the gateways.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a method for the network to optimize the route for user's local IP access, without affecting the access to operator's core network. With this mechanism, no excessive signalling is needed for the optimization. The present invention is also applicable to the corporate network that has multiple home NodeBs or home eNodeBs. Finer grain control on the services to be provided over different home NodeB or home eNodeB is also possible. Further, path optimization and continuation of the service upon handover can be controlled, and hence flexibility of the service can be secured.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for trust relationship detection between a core and access network for a user equipment. The gist is that a security tunnel establishment procedure is used so one entity, be it part of the core network or be it the user equipment itself, is provided with information to determine whether the access network is trusted or untrusted. The information may comprise a first IP address/prefix, which is initially assigned to the user equipment, upon attaching to the access network. The necessary information may further comprise a second IP address/prefix, which is an address/prefix that is allocated at a trusted entity of the core network. Depending which entity determines the trust relationship of the access network, it might be necessary to transmit either the first IP address/prefix or the second IP address/prefix or the first and the second IP address/prefix using the security tunnel establishment procedure.

Abstract: Provided is a wireless terminal capable of transmitting accompanying information in an ad-hoc network to an external network in a state in which the incidence of missing information is minimized. In this device, ad-hoc communication and external communication are performed at different timings. Node function determination unit (120) determines a representative terminal shared by a plurality of terminals in every interval obtained by dividing a time axis. Wireless communication unit (130) performs ad-hoc communication in an interval in which the wireless terminal is not the representative terminal. Communication data management unit (140) stores representative terminal information indicating which of the terminals is the representative terminal, and communication history for ad-hoc communication.

Abstract: With the deployment of the Mobile Routers, some of the mobile devices would access the IP services, e.g. Remote Local IP Access (LIPA), via the local connections provided by the Mobile Router. In such cases, the mobile devices may be detached from the 3GPP access, and thus lose the capability of receiving certain services, e.g. CS domain related services. This invention presented a solution to allow the mobile device to continue enjoying the services provided via 3GPP access by placing the mobile device into a special state and binding Mobile Router's context with the mobile device's context. In this way, the mobile operator's core network would be able to trigger the mobile device to receive the CS service even its 3GPP access connections are removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for handover of a mobile node from E-UTRAN to UTRAN in a scenario where SMS is the only service of the mobile node. The improved handover method allows saving radio resources by establishing the signalling connection for SMS exchange in the target network, and avoiding the data connection in the target network, since it is not used. The MME takes the decision to establish or not the data connection in the target UTRAN, and accordingly instructs the SGSN and UE to set the corresponding PDP contexts for the data connection to a “preserved” state, so as to avoid the establishment of same. Embodiments further relate to improved SMS delivery for IDLE mode UEs that activate ISR so as to avoid the involvement of the MSC server. Instead, packet-switched domain nodes are to be involved only.