Abstract: A cemented carbide includes second hard phase grains, wherein the second hard phase grains includes a core portion, and in a case where a total of 70 unit regions that are each constituted of a square having each side of 8?m are provided by successively arranging 7 unit regions in a longitudinal direction and 10 unit regions in a lateral direction in an electron microscope image of any cross section of the cemented carbide captured at a magnification of 1500×, where the total number of core portions in the total of 70 unit regions is calculated, and where a percentage of the number of core portions in each of the unit regions with respect to the total number of core portions is calculated, the number of unit regions in which the percentage is less than 0.43% or more than 2.43% is less than or equal to 10.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes: a substrate including a rake face; and a coating film that coats the rake face, wherein the coating film includes an ?-Al2O3 layer disposed on the substrate, the ?-Al2O3 layer includes crystal grains of ?-Al2O3, an area ratio of crystal grains oriented in (001) among the crystal grains is 50% to 90% in the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face, a film residual stress AA determined based on a crystal plane interval of a (001) plane of the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face is more than or equal to ?1000 MPa and less than 0 MPa, and a film residual stress BA determined based on a crystal plane interval of a (110) plane of the ?-Al2O3 layer at the rake face is more than or equal to ?1000 MPa and less than 0 MPa, and a relational expression of |AA|?|BA| is satisfied.

Abstract: A cutting tool including a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge portion, comprising a substrate and an AlTiN layer, the AlTiN layer including cubic AlxTi1-xN crystal grains, Al having an atomic ratio x of 0.7 or more and less than 0.95, the AlTiN layer including a central portion, the central portion at the rake face being occupied in area by (200) oriented crystal grains at a ratio of 80% or more, the central portion at the cutting edge portion being occupied in area by (200) oriented crystal grains at a ratio of 50% or more and less than 80%.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating that coats a surface of the substrate, the coating including a multilayer structure layer composed of at least one layer A and at least one layer B alternately deposited from a side closer to the substrate toward a side closer to a surface, the layer A having an average composition of AlxCr(1-x)N, the layer B being composed of AlyTi(1-y)N, the layer A being composed of a domain region and a matrix region, the domain region having a composition ratio of Cr larger than that of Cr of the matrix region, wherein x has a range of 0.5?x?0.8 and y has a range of 0.5?y?0.7.

Abstract: A liquid sending device includes a plunger pump, which performs an intake operation of liquid to and a discharge operation of liquid from a pump chamber and in which pressure in the pump chamber in a case where the intake operation is performed is lower compared to a case where the discharge operation is performed, a check valve that is provided at an inlet port, has a spherical valve element and a valve seat, and passively operates according to the pressure in the pump chamber in such a direction that the valve element is seated on or detached, a pressure sensor that detects the pressure, and an attachment detector that compares the pressure with a preset threshold value and detect attachment of the valve element to the valve seat in a case where the pressure in the pump chamber is equal to or lower than the threshold value.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating formed on a surface of the substrate, the coating including one or two or more layers, at least one of the layers being an Al-rich layer including hard particles, the hard particle having a sodium chloride type crystal structure, and including a first unit phase in a form of a plurality of lumps and a second unit phase interposed between the lumps of the first unit phase, the first unit phase being composed of a nitride or carbonitride of AlxTi1-x, the first unit phase having an atomic ratio x of Al of 0.7 or more and 0.96 or less, the second unit phase being composed of a nitride or carbonitride of AlyTi1-y, the second unit phase having an atomic ratio y of Al exceeding 0.5 and less than 0.7.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a base material. The base material is a cemented carbide or a cermet. A surface of the base material includes a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge face connecting the rake face to the flank face. The base material has an oxygen concentration of less than or equal to 1 at. % at a depth position of 0.4 ?m from the cutting edge face.

Abstract: A liquid feeding device includes a primary plunger pump; a secondary plunger pump connected downstream; a check valve provided between the primary plunger pump and the secondary plunger pump; a primary pressure sensor that detects a pressure in the pump chamber of the primary plunger pump; a liquid feeding control part configured to control operations of the primary plunger pump and the secondary plunger pump; and a liquid leakage detector configured to detect liquid leakage in the check valve based on a change in an output value of the primary pressure sensor during the waiting time. The liquid feeding control part is configured to control the operation of the primary plunger pump so that a waiting time, where the primary plunger pump stops without operating, is present while a discharge operation by the secondary plunger pump is performed after a suction by the primary plunger pump is completed.

Abstract: A resin tube is prepared. Further, a formation tool having a pressing surface and a projection that projects from the pressing surface and is insertable into the resin tube is prepared. The projection of the formation tool is inserted from an end of the resin tube into the resin tube. The pressing surface of the formation tool is pressed against an end surface of the resin tube. Thermal energy is applied to the end of the resin tube, whereby a shape of the pressing surface of the formation tool is transferred to the end surface of the resin tube, and the end of the resin tube is formed into a flange shape.

Abstract: A cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating that covers the substrate, the coating includes an ?-Al2O3 layer, and the ?-Al2O3 layer has an orientation index TC(0 0 12) of a (0 0 12) plane not smaller than 4 and not larger than 8.5, an orientation index TC(2 0 14) of a (2 0 14) plane not smaller than 0.5 and not larger than 3, and a total of the orientation index TC(0 0 12) and the orientation index TC(2 0 14) not larger than 9.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool having a rake face and a flank face includes a base material and a coating formed on the base material. The base material is a cemented carbide or a cermet. The coating includes an aluminum oxide layer containing a plurality of aluminum oxide crystal grains. The aluminum oxide layer includes: a first region made up of a region A on the rake face and a region B on the flank face; a second region on the rake face except for the region A; and a third region on the flank face except for the region B. The aluminum oxide layer satisfies a relation: b?a>0.5, where a is an average value of TC(110) in the first region in texture coefficient TC(hkl), and b is an average value of TC(110) in the second or third region in texture coefficient TC(hkl).

Abstract: A cutting tool including a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge portion, comprising a substrate and an AlTiN layer, the AlTiN layer including cubic AlxTi1-xN crystal grains, Al having an atomic ratio x of 0.7 or more and less than 0.95, the AlTiN layer including a central portion, the central portion at the rake face being occupied in area by (111) oriented AlxTi1-xN crystal grains at a ratio of 50% or more and less than 80%, the central portion at the cutting edge portion being occupied in area by (111) oriented AlxTi1-xN crystal grains at a ratio of 80% or more.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a base material and a coating formed on the base material. The base material is a cemented carbide or a cermet. A surface of the base material includes a rake face, a flank face, and a cutting edge face connecting the rake face to the flank face. The base material has an oxygen concentration of less than or equal to 1 at. % at a depth position of 0.4 ?m from the cutting edge face. The coating includes a hard layer. A topmost layer in the hard layer has a compressive stress of more than or equal to 1.5 GPa in absolute value.

Abstract: A switching valve is used in a binary pump. The switching valve is provided with a first liquid delivery port to which a first pump unit is connected, a second liquid delivery port to which a second pump unit is connected, and an output port leading to an output unit that outputs a liquid to be delivered. The switching valve is configured so as to be switched to any one of the following states: a first state in which the first liquid delivery port is connected to the output port and the second liquid delivery port is not connected to any port; a second state in which the second liquid delivery port is connected to the output port and the first liquid delivery port is not connected to any port; and a third state in which both the first liquid delivery port and the second liquid delivery port are connected to the output port.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool has a rake face and a flank face, and includes a base material and a coating formed on the base material. The base material has a cutting edge face connecting the rake face to the flank face. The coating includes an aluminum oxide layer containing a plurality of aluminum oxide crystal grains. The aluminum oxide layer includes: a first region made up of a region A on the rake face and a region B on the flank face; a second region on the rake face except for the region A; and a third region on the flank face except for the region B. The aluminum oxide layer satisfies a relation: b?a>0.5, where a is an average value of TC(006) in the first region in texture coefficient TC(hkl), and b is an average value of TC(006) in the second or third region in texture coefficient TC(hkl).

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating that is disposed on the substrate and formed so as to cover at least a portion of a flank face, in which the coating includes an inner layer and an outer layer formed on the inner layer, the inner layer is formed of at least one layer and includes an aluminum oxide layer as a layer in contact with the outer layer, the outer layer has a multilayer structure that includes three or more layers stacked on top of one another, and each of the layers that constitute the multilayer structure contains titanium.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprises a substrate and a coating that coats the substrate, the coating including an ?-alumina layer, the ?-alumina layer including crystal grains of ?-alumina, the ?-alumina layer including a lower portion and an upper portion, the upper portion being occupied in area at a ratio of 50% or more by crystal grains of ?-alumina having (006) plane with a normal thereto having a direction within ±15° with respect to a direction of a normal to the second interface, the lower portion being occupied in area at a ratio of 5% or more and less than 50% by crystal grains of ?-alumina having (012) plane, (104) plane, (110) plane, (113) plane, (116) plane, (300) plane, (214) plane and (006) plane each with a normal thereto having a direction within ±15° with respect to the direction of the normal to the second interface.

Abstract: A cutting tool incudes a substrate and a coating that coats a surface of the substrate, the coating including a multilayer structure layer composed of at least one layer A and at least one layer B alternately deposited from a side closer to the substrate toward a side closer to a surface, the layer A having an average composition of AlxCr(1-x)N, the layer B being composed of TiyAlzSi(1-y-z)N, the layer A being composed of a domain region and a matrix region, the domain region having a composition ratio of Cr larger than that of Cr of the matrix region, wherein x has a range of 0.5?x?0.8, y has a range of 0.5?y<0.71, z has a range of 0.29?z<0.5, and 1?y?z has a range of 0<1?y?z?0.1.

Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool includes a base material and a coating. A hard layer in the coating includes a plurality of crystal grains having a sodium chloride-type crystal structure. The crystal grain has a layered structure in which a first layer composed of nitride or carbonitride of AlxTi1-x and a second layer composed of nitride or carbonitride of AlyTi1-y are alternately stacked. The total thickness of the first layer and the second layer adjacent to each other is 3 nm or more and 40 nm or less. An angle of intersection between a normal direction to (111) plane that is a crystal plane of the crystal grain and the normal direction to the surface of the base material, an area ratio of the crystal grains having the angle of intersection of 0 degree or more to less than 10 degrees is 40% or more.

Abstract: A cemented carbide comprises a first hard phase comprising tungsten carbide particles and a binder phase including Co and Cr. In any surface or any cross section of the cemented carbide, a region in which there is a distance X of 5 nm or less between surfaces respectively of tungsten carbide particles adjacent to each other, with the surfaces facing each other along a length L of 100 nm or more, is referred to as a WC/WC interface, and a ratio C(R)/C(C) has an average value of 0.17 or more, where C(R) and C(C) represent peak values of atomic percentages of Cr and Co, respectively, at a WC/WC interface having a distance X of 1 nm or more and 5 nm or less and having therein an atomic percentage of Co higher than an average value of atomic percentages of Co in the tungsten carbide particles+2 at %.