Abstract: A defroster and a vehicle are provided. The defroster includes: a housing defining an air outlet; a heating device disposed in the housing; an air blower defining a blowing outlet and disposed in the housing; and an air duct defining a duct inlet and a duct outlet, the air duct being disposed between the blowing outlet and the heating device so that air blown out from the blower outlet enters the air duct via the duct inlet and goes out of the air duct via the duct outlet, then passes through the heating device to exchange heat with the heating device, and is discharged out of the housing via the air outlet, wherein an area of the duct inlet is different from that of the duct outlet.

Abstract: A parallel plate waveguide forms a volume coil used for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. The waveguide includes a first conductor arranged on a first side of the waveguide and a second conductor arranged on a second side of the waveguide. Excitation of the first conductor and the second conductor creates a transverse electromagnetic field between the first conductor and the second conductor which causes a target within the volume coil to emit radio frequency signals used for producing an image of the target.

Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic compounds, and particularly, relates to a method for directly preparing graphene by taking CBr4 as a source material and using methods such as molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A method for preparing graphene comprises the following steps: selecting a proper material as a substrate; directly depositing a catalyst and CBr4 on a surface of the substrate; and performing annealing treatment on the sample obtained through deposition. Compared with other technologies, an innovative point of the method in the invention is that the catalyst and CBr4 source can be quantitatively and controllably deposited on any substrate, and the catalyst and CBr4 source react on the surface of the substrate to form the graphene, so that the dependence of the graphene growth on a substrate material can be reduced to a great extent, and different substrate materials can be selected according to different application backgrounds.

Abstract: A PTC electric heating assembly, an electric heating device and an electric vehicle are provided. The PTC electric heating assembly (2) comprises two electrode plates (23) and a PTC heating module (20) disposed between the two electrode plates (23), and comprising an insulation fixing frame (22) and a plurality of PTC heating elements (21), the insulation fixing frame (22) defining a plurality of fixing units (220) and the PTC heating elements (21) being disposed into the fixing units (220) respectively.

Abstract: A device for growing vegetables and plants in aquaponic conditions is disclosed. The device includes a plurality of sheets, each having an inner surface and an outer surface. The plurality of sheets includes a plurality of protruded openings at the outer surface. The plurality of sheets are attached together and then rolled up to form a container like structure for growing plants. The plant seeds are inserted into the plurality of protruded openings. Then water is sprayed inside the container like structure directed away from the center and nutrients are sprayed directly to the roots of the plants. The device provides growth of plants in shorter time and maximum growing area in limited footage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a monolithic integrated lattice mismatched crystal template and a preparation method thereof by using low-viscosity material, the preparation method for the crystal template includes: providing a first crystal layer with a first lattice constant; growing a buffer layer on the first crystal layer; below the melting point of the buffer layer, growing a second crystal layer and a template layer by sequentially performing the growth process of a second crystal layer and the growth process of a first template layer on the buffer layer, or growing a template layer by directly performing a first template layer growth process on the buffer layer; melting and converting the buffer layer to an amorphous state, performing a second template layer growth process on the template layer grown by the first template layer growth process at the growth temperature above the glass transition temperature of the buffer layer, sequentially growing a template layer until the lattice of the template laye

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inducing twin calving. The method according to the present invention comprises firstly treatment to inducing atresia of the antral follicles on ovary so as to initiate the development of new follicular wave, inducing the development of codominant follicles and further achieving double ovulations by exactly controlling the dosage and time points of hormone injections, and performing artificial insemination to induce the cow to deliver twin calves. The method according to the present invention has relative independent on the technical skills, and a person skilled in the art or a common worker can practice it according to specified operation methods; and during practical application, it does not require special equipment, thus saving cost, as well as improving the social benefit and economic benefit of cow breeding.

Abstract: An electric heater, and an apparatus, a heating and air conditioning system and a vehicle, each comprising the electric heater, are provided. The electric heater comprises an outer frame; a heating core configured to connect to a power source and disposed within the outer frame; and a sealing-waterproof glue member disposed within the outer frame and configured to encase at least one end of the heating core. The heating core further comprises: a plurality of heat dissipating components and heating components arranged alternately, and each of the heat dissipating component is coupled with a heating component via a thermal conductor. Each of the heating components further comprises a core tube and a positive temperature coefficient thermistor disposed in the core tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for imaging includes: a main magnet to generate a substantially uniform main B0 magnetic field through an examination region; and a coil system including a first coil layer and a second coil layer disposed substantially parallel to the first coil layer with a defined air gap in a radial direction, the first coil layer including a first coil array, the second coil layer including a second coil array, the first and second coil arrays being coupled and cooperating to selectively produce a prespecified B1 magnetic field within the examination region.

Abstract: A composition for removing a photoresist layer and a method for using it are disclosed. The composition comprises a chemical portion which includes water and chemical constituents dissolving or softening the photoresist layer and a mechanical portion which is abrasive particles. Using the composition and the method according to the present invention can decrease the conventional two steps of removing a photoresist layer process to one step, thereby simplifying the procedure, shortening the removing time and reducing the cost. The chemical constituents in the composition according to the present invention are of low toxicity and flammability and the amount used is small, which makes it more friendly with the environment and decreases the expense of disposing the waste.

Abstract: Solar cell structures formed using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) that can achieve improved power efficiencies in relation to prior art thin film solar cell structures are provided. A reverse p-n junction solar cell device and methods for forming the reverse p-n junction solar cell device using MBE are described. A variety of n-p junction and reverse p-n junction solar cell devices and related methods of manufacturing are provided. N-intrinsic-p junction and reverse p-intrinsic-n junction solar cell devices are also described.

Abstract: A composition for removing a photoresist layer and a method for using it are disclosed. The composition comprises a chemical portion which includes water and chemical constituents dissolving or softening the photoresist layer and a mechanical portion which is abrasive particles. Using the composition and the method according to the present invention can decrease the conventional two steps of removing a photoresist layer process to one step, thereby simplifying the procedure, shortening the removing time and reducing the cost. The chemical constituents in the composition according to the present invention are of low toxicity and flammability and the amount used is small, which makes it more friendly with the environment and decreases the expense of disposing the waste.

Abstract: A new composition for removing a photoresist layer and a method for using the same are disclosed. The composition comprises a polar solvent and an oxidant. The composition according to the present invention comprises chemical substances with less toxicity and flammability at lower contents, which makes it more friendly to environment and decreases the expense for disposing the chemical waste. The method for using the composition shortens the time for cleaning and removes the residue more completely, thereby enhancing the electrical conductivity.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing slurry comprising an oxidizing agent, a complexing agent, an abrasive, and an optional surfactant, as well as a method for using the chemical mechanical polishing slurry to remove copper alloy, titanium, titanium nitride, tantalum and tantalum nitride containing layers from a substrate. The slurry does not include a separate film-forming agent.

Abstract: Alpha-amino acid containing chemical mechanical polishing compositions and slurries that are useful for polishing substrates including multiple layers of metals, or metals and dielectrics.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of polishing a substrate, which method comprises the steps of (i) providing a polishing composition, (ii) providing a substrate comprising at least one metal layer, and (iii) abrading at least a portion of the metal layer with the polishing composition to polish the substrate. The polishing composition comprises an abrasive and a liquid carrier, wherein the abrasive comprises metal oxide particles having a surface with a silane compound adhered to a portion thereof and a polymer adhered to the silane compound and wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of water-soluble polymers and water-emulsifiable polymers. The invention also provides a polishing composition as described above, wherein the total amount of abrasive particles present in the polishing composition is no greater than about 20% by weight of the polishing composition, and the metal oxide particles do not comprise zirconia.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of polishing a substrate comprising (i) contacting a substrate with a polishing system comprising (a) an abrasive, a polishing pad, a means for oxidizing a substrate, or any combination thereof, (b) a conducting polymer having an electrical conductivity of about 10?10 S/cm to about 106 S/cm, and (c) a liquid carrier, and (ii) abrading or removing at least a portion of the substrate to polish the substrate.

Abstract: A chemical mechanical polishing composition comprising a soluble cerium compound at a pH above 3 and a method to selectively polish a silicon oxide overfill in preference to a silicon nitride film layer in a single step during the manufacture of integrated circuits and semiconductors.

Abstract: A method and system for planarizing or polishing a substrate, particularly a memory or rigid disk, are provided. The method comprises abrading at least a portion of the surface with a polishing system comprising (i) a polishing composition comprising water, an oxidizing agent, and about 0.04 M or higher phosphate ion or phosphonate ion, and (ii) abrasive material. The present invention also provides a system for planarizing or polishing a substrate comprising (i) a polishing composition comprising water, an oxidizing agent, and about 0.04 M or higher phosphate ion or phosphonate ion, and (ii) silica particles.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging assembly is provided. The assembly includes a magnet assembly defining a scanning bore along a z-direction. The assembly further includes a surface coil assembly positioned within the scanning bore. The surface coil assembly receives an imaging field. The surface coil assembly comprises a first surface coil positioned along the z-direction. The first surface coil is induced with a first coil current comprised of a first coil amplitude and a first coil phase. The surface coil assembly includes a second surface coil positioned along said z-direction. The second surface coil is induced with a second coil current comprised of a second coil amplitude and a second coil phase. The second coil phase is varied from the first coil phase to correct asymmetries within the imaging field.