Abstract: A pixel array substrate including pixel units is provided. Each of the pixel units includes a thin film transistor, a first insulating layer disposed on the thin film transistor, a common electrode disposed on the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer covering the common electrode, and a pixel electrode disposed on the second insulating layer. The first insulating layer includes a first via. The common electrode includes an opening and connects to the first via. The second insulating layer includes a second via and connects to the opening and the first via. The pixel electrode connects to the thin film transistor through the second via, the opening and the first via. The first via has two first sides opposite to each other and the opening has two third sides opposite to each other are aligned. A fourth side of the opening is not connected to the first via and the second via.

Abstract: An illumination system and a projection device are provided. The illumination system includes at least one laser light source providing at least one laser beam and a polarizing rotation module including a first axle, a first driving element, and a polarizing element. The first axle has a first revolution frequency. The polarizing element is disposed on a transmission path of the laser beam. The first driving element causes the polarizing element to rotate in a temporally sequenced manner. When the polarizing element is rotated, the laser beam is transmitted to the polarizing element at a specific frequency in a plurality of first time periods. The laser beam passing through the polarizing element has different polarizing states at different times. The specific frequency and the first revolution frequency of the first axle are not exactly divisible by each other. The invention can generate an image with uniform polarizing direction.

Abstract: A polarization rotation device including a rotation shaft, a driving element, a polarization element and a reflective element is provided. The polarization element is disposed on a transmission path of the at least one excitation light beam. The reflective element is disposed on a side of the polarization element. The driving element drives the polarization element to sequentially rotate with the rotation shaft as a rotation center axis. When the polarization element rotates, the excitation light beam is transmitted to the polarization element and passes through the polarization element and is again transmitted to and passes through the polarization element by the reflective element. The excitation light beam outputting from the polarization rotation device has different polarization states at different time periods. A projection device applying the polarization rotation device of the invention achieves the effect of uniform color or brightness when displaying images in a 3D display mode.

Abstract: A composite phase conversion element and a projection apparatus are provided. The composite phase conversion element is disposed on a transmission path of at least one beam, and includes at least one polarizing element, and the polarizing element includes multiple polarizing regions, where at least two of the polarizing regions have different polarization directions, the at least one beam simultaneously penetrates through at least two of the polarizing regions of the at least one polarizing element to respectively form at least two sub-beams, and polarization states of the two sub-beams correspond to the polarization directions of the at least two of the polarizing regions penetrated by the at least two sub-beams. Therefore, in a polarized 3D mode of the projection apparatus using the composite phase conversion element, color and brightness of a display image are uniform, and a user observes a 3D display image with good uniformity.

Abstract: The invention provides a resistive memory with better area efficiency without degrading reliability, which includes an array area, word lines, a local bit line, source lines, and a shared bit line. In the array area, memory cells are arranged in a matrix, and each memory cells includes a variable resistance element and an accessing transistor. The word lines extend in a row direction of the array area and are connected to the memory cells in the row direction. The local bit line extends in a column direction of the array area. The source lines extend in the column direction and are connected to first electrodes of the memory cells in the column direction. The shared bit line is connected to the local bit line. The shared bit line extends in the row direction and is connected to second electrodes of the memory cells in the row direction.

Abstract: A polarizing rotation device including a rotation shaft, a driving element and a polarizing element is provided. The driving element is configured to drive the rotation shaft to rotate. The polarizing element is connected to the rotation shaft and is disposed on a transmission path of at least one beam, where the driving element is configured to drive the polarizing element to rotate sequentially while taking the rotation shaft as a rotation central axis, and when the polarizing element is rotated, the at least one beam penetrates through the polarizing element, and the at least one beam penetrating through the polarizing element has different polarization states at different time. Therefore, when a projection device is in a polarized stereoscopic mode, a color or brightness of a display image is uniform, and a user observes a 3D display image with good uniformity.

Abstract: An option code providing circuit includes a plurality of resistive random access memory cells and a controller. The controller determines whether to provide a control signal to operate a heavy forming operation on the resistive random access memory cells or not. Wherein, the controller performs a read operation on the resistive random access memory cells to determine a bit number of the resistive random memory cell which is heavy formed, and the option code is determined by the bit number of resistive random access memory cell which is heavy formed or a bit number of the resistive random access memory cell which is not heavy formed.

Abstract: A PUF code providing apparatus includes a non-volatile memory cell pair and a data sensing circuit. The sensing circuit is coupled to the non-volatile memory cell pair, reads two initial statuses of the non-volatile memory cell pair and generates a PUF code by comparing the two initial statuses of the non-volatile memory cell pair.

Abstract: An SEM image is acquired. The SEM image shows a metal line and a via hole disposed above the metal line. The via hole exposes a portion of the metal line vertically aligned with the via hole. A first portion and a second portion of the via hole are each vertically not aligned with the metal line and are disposed on opposite sides of the metal line. The acquired SEM image is processed to enhance a contrast between the first and second portions and their surrounding areas. A first dimension of the first portion and a second dimension of the second portion of the via hole are measured in a first direction. The first direction is different from a second direction along which the metal line extends. An overlay between the via hole and the metal line is determined based on the first dimension and the second dimension.

Abstract: A vehicular radar device includes a radar module and a dustproofing element. The radar module has a casing and a radar sensor disposed in the casing. The casing has a first outer wall surface and a second outer wall surface opposing the first outer wall surface. The first outer wall surface faces an inner wall surface of a bumper. An emission surface of the radar sensor faces the first outer wall surface of the casing. The dustproofing element has two opposing dustproofing surfaces. The two dustproofing surfaces attach to the first outer wall surface of the casing of the radar module and the inner wall surface of the bumper, respectively. Therefore, the vehicular radar device effectively precludes influences of ambient dust on performance of the radar sensor, so as to enhance sensing sensitivity of the radar sensor and extend its service life.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a memory storage apparatus having a dynamic data repair mechanism. The memory storage apparatus includes a connection interface; a memory array; and a memory control circuit configured at least to: receive, from the connection interface, a write command which includes a user data and an address of the user data; encode the user data as a codeword which includes the user data and parity bits; write the codeword, in a first memory location of the memory array, as a written codeword; perform a read procedure of the written codeword to determine whether the written codeword is erroneously written; and store a redundant codeword of the user data in a second memory location in response to having determined that the written codeword is erroneously written.

Abstract: An encoding method for a memory storage apparatus adopting a Lien ECC scheme is provided. The memory storage apparatus comprises an ECC encoder using a Lien Code. The encoding method includes: receiving a write command comprising a write address and a write data; reading an existing codeword comprising a first flip bit indicating bit-flipping of the existing codeword and flipping bits of the existing codeword based on the first flip bit; encoding the write data into a new codeword based on a Lien Code by an ECC encoder, and flipping bits of the new codeword based on a number of bits required to be changed from the existing codeword to the new codeword; and writing the new codeword comprising a first flip bit indicating bit-flipping of the new codeword to the write address In addition, a memory storage apparatus using the encoding method based on the Lien Code is provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an analysis system for analyzing the popularity of a target product. The popular product analysis system comprises an analysis server, a Bluetooth tracking device, a wireless base station, and a mobile device. The Bluetooth tracking device is configured on the target product. When the product was moved by non-specific consumers, the Bluetooth tracking device is for generating a product movement Bluetooth signal. The analysis server is for receiving the product movement Bluetooth signal through a wireless base station or a mobile device. According to the product movement Bluetooth signal, the analysis server can determine the popularity of the target product and the consumer information for providing a better location for storing target products and shopping suggestions for consumers.

Abstract: An operating method of a resistive memory element includes: performing a thermal step on the resistive memory element; performing a set and reset cycle operation on the resistive memory element to increase a read margin of the resistive memory element after a thermal step; and determining whether the resistive memory element passes a read margin verification.

Abstract: An illumination system including an exciting light source module, a wavelength conversion device and a light uniforming module is provided. The exciting light source module is configured to emit an exciting beam. The wavelength conversion device is disposed on a transmission path of the exciting beam and is configured to rotate around a central axis. The light uniforming module is disposed on the transmission path of the exciting beam and between the exciting light source module and the wavelength conversion device. After the exciting beam emitted from the exciting light source module passes through the light uniforming module, the exciting beam forms a light spot on the wavelength conversion device. The energy intensity distribution of the light spot along the radial direction about the central axis is that the energy intensity is lower in the center and higher on the two sides. A projection apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A light source module includes a plurality of light combining elements, a plurality of first light emitting elements, and a plurality of second light emitting elements. Each of the light combining elements has a first reflecting surface and a second reflecting surface. Each of the first light emitting elements emits a first illuminating beam, and one of the first reflecting surfaces reflects the first illuminating beam to be transmitted along a light combining direction. Orthographic projections of the light combining elements on a reference plane are connected in sequence, and the reference plane is perpendicular to the light combining direction. Each of the second light emitting elements emits a second illuminating beam, and one of the second reflecting surfaces reflects the second illuminating beam to be transmitted along the light combining direction. In addition, a projector having the light source module is also provided.

Abstract: A remote Bluetooth communication system of the present invention comprises a Bluetooth gateway, a Bluetooth device, a cloud virtual device and a Bluetooth application program. The Bluetooth device is configured in a service area of the Bluetooth gateway. The cloud virtual device further includes a Bluetooth virtual layer module and a communication module. The Bluetooth virtual layer module is configured for providing a Bluetooth interface. The communication module is configured for establishing a network communication with the Bluetooth gateway. The Bluetooth application program is executed on the cloud virtual device for controlling the Bluetooth device in the service area of the Bluetooth gateway in the service area of the Bluetooth gateway through the Bluetooth interface provided by the Bluetooth virtual layer module. The invention can solve the problems of consuming the network traffic, memory space and resources of mobile phone processor.

Abstract: An encoding method for a memory storage apparatus adopting an ECC algorithm is provided. The memory storage apparatus comprises an ECC encoder. The encoding method includes: receiving a write command comprising a write address and a write data; reading an existing codeword; attaching a flip bit to the write data; encoding the write data and the flip bit to generate parity bits based on the ECC algorithm by the ECC encoder and attaching the write data and the flip bit to the plurality of parity bits to generate a new codeword; flipping the new codeword based on a number of bits among selected bits required to be changed from the existing codeword to the new codeword; and writing one of the new codeword and the flipped new codeword to the write address. In addition, a memory storage apparatus using the encoding method is provided.

Abstract: A projection device includes an illumination system, a light valve, and a projection lens. The illumination system includes an excitation light source, a wavelength conversion element, a light converging lens, and a light integration rod. The excitation light source provides an excitation beam. The wavelength conversion element converts the excitation beam into a conversion beam. A greatest width in a light spot formed on the wavelength conversion element by the excitation beam is a first distance. A greatest width in a light spot formed on the wavelength conversion element by the conversion beam is a second distance. The second distance is greater than the first distance. The light integration rod receives the conversion beam from the light converging lens. The conversion beam generated by the wavelength conversion element of the invention is effectively projected to the light integration rod.

Abstract: A physical unclonable function code generating method includes: providing a plurality of non-volatile memory cell pairs including a first non-volatile memory cell and a second non-volatile memory cell; comparing an initial state of the first non-volatile memory cell with an initial state of the second non-volatile memory cell, and generating a first physical unclonable function code according to a comparison result of the state; calculating a formation ratio difference of a logical level in the first physical unclonable function code; and adjusting the formation ratio difference by interactively performing forming operations on the first non-volatile memory cell and the second non-volatile memory cell when the formation ratio difference is greater than or equal to a ratio threshold.