Abstract: A cleaning method includes cleaning a member, used at the time of exposing a substrate via liquid, which is in contact with the liquid. The method includes cleaning the member with an alkali solution followed by cleaning the member with a solution including hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: In an electrochemical cell including a cathode 7, an anode 6, electrolyte 10, a hollow container 1 accommodating these members, and terminals extending from the inside to the outside of the hollow container 1, the terminals include a plurality of inner terminals 5a formed on the inner surface of the hollow container 1, a cathode outer terminal 5b1 formed on the outer surface of the hollow container 1, and an inner layer wire 5c formed on the inner layer of the hollow container 1 for commonly connecting the plurality of inner terminals 5a to the cathode outer terminal 5b1.

Abstract: Provided is an electric double-layer capacitor and the like, which may be easily manufactured. In a recessed container (2) constituting a package of an electric double-layer capacitor (1), a step portion (4) is formed. With this, the recessed container (2) has two parallel bottom surfaces which are not provided in the same plane, that is, a first bottom surface constituting a bottom portion of a recessed portion (13) and a second bottom surface constituting an upper surface of the step portion (4). The first bottom surface and the second bottom surface respectively have metallic layers (11, 9) formed thereon, which pass through the recessed container (2) toward an outside to respectively connect to terminals (12, 10). Electrodes (6, 5) are respectively connected to the upper surfaces of the metallic layers (11, 9).

Abstract: Provided are an electrolytic solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery each of which not only has heat resistance enough to resist reflow soldering but also can maintain the discharge capacity of the battery even in a low-temperature environment. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided with an electrolytic solution 50 including a solute and a solvent containing a polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether and an ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, a positive electrode 12, a negative electrode 26, and a separator 30 formed of glass fibers and placed between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 26.

Abstract: Provided is an electric double layer capacitor capable of simply connecting a current collector to an external electrode at a low cost and ensuring a sealing property of a container. The electric double layer capacitor includes: a container in which an opening of a concave portion is sealed; an electrolytic solution and a pair of electrode active materials which are accommodated inside the container; and a pair of conductive films which is respectively and electrically connected to the pair of electrode active materials and is formed from a bottom surface of the concave portion to a surface of the container through an opening edge.

Abstract: In an electrochemical cell including a cathode 7, an anode 6, electrolyte 10, a hollow container 1 accommodating these members, and terminals extending from the inside to the outside of the hollow container 1, the terminals include a plurality of inner terminals 5a formed on the inner surface of the hollow container 1, a cathode outer terminal 5b1 formed on the outer surface of the hollow container 1, and an inner layer wire 5c formed on the inner layer of the hollow container 1 for commonly connecting the plurality of inner terminals 5a to the cathode outer terminal 5b1.

Abstract: An electric double-layer capacitor is provided in which an upper end portion of a recessed container is sealed by a sealing plate. An electrode and an electrode are accommodated in a hollow portion formed by a recessed portion and the sealing plate. One step portion is formed in the middle of one inner peripheral surface of the recessed portion, and another step portion is formed in the middle of the other opposing inner peripheral surface. The one step portion and said another step portion are formed at the same height, and upper surfaces of those step portions exist on the same plane.

Abstract: An optical material which has a relative permeability different from 1 to light having a wavelength in, for example, the infrared region or shorter than the infrared region and which is stable in structure, and a liquid and a solid (optical element) using the optical material. The optical material is a powder used as a component of a liquid or solid to which an illuminating light is irradiated, and includes a large number of resonating elements which constitute the powder and each of which is formed of a conductor having a width approximately same as or smaller than a wavelength of the illumination light, and a protective film which is formed of a disc-shaped insulator, wherein an entire surface of each of the split-ring resonators is covered by the protective film.

Abstract: A cleaning method comprises: cleaning the liquid contact member by supplying a first liquid for cleaning to the liquid contact member; recovering the first liquid supplied to the liquid contact member; supplying a second liquid different from the first liquid to the liquid contact member after the liquid contact member is cleaned with the first liquid; recovering the second liquid supplied to the liquid contact member; and performing a process in which a concentration of the first liquid comprised in the recovered second liquid is set to a predetermined concentration or less.

Abstract: A cleaning substrate and a liquid immersion member face each other in order to clean the liquid immersion member. The cleaning substrate has a first liquid-repellent portion which is liquid-repellent to a first cleaning liquid for cleaning and a lyophilic portion which is disposed in at least a part of the periphery of the first liquid-repellent portion and is more lyophilic than the first liquid-repellent portion.

Abstract: Provided is an electric double-layer capacitor and the like, which may be easily manufactured. In a recessed container (2) constituting a package of an electric double-layer capacitor (1), a step portion (4) is formed. With this, the recessed container (2) has two parallel bottom surfaces which are not provided in the same plane, that is, a first bottom surface constituting a bottom portion of a recessed portion (13) and a second bottom surface constituting an upper surface of the step portion (4). The first bottom surface and the second bottom surface respectively have metallic layers (11, 9) formed thereon, which pass through the recessed container (2) toward an outside to respectively connect to terminals (12, 10). Electrodes (6, 5) are respectively connected to the upper surfaces of the metallic layers (11, 9).

Abstract: Provided is a gasket for an electrochemical cell, which has good sealing performance and is capable of improving productivity of the gasket, and an electrochemical cell. A gasket (4) for an electrochemical cell, which is made of a resin and has an annular shape including an outer wall and an inner wall, includes a plurality of annular salient portions (4a) formed on an inner side surface of the outer wall.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical element, comprising the steps of: preparing a mold having concave portions for molding a first resin into an optical member having a predetermined shape as well as a plate-like member having through-holes in at least a part thereof and being made of a second resin, and then disposing the plate-like member on the top surface of the mold so that at least one through-hole can face the concave portion of the mold; injecting a liquid precursor of the first resin into the space formed by the concave portion of the mold and the through-hole of the plate-like member so as to come into contact with at least a part of the plate-like member; polymerizing the liquid precursor while maintaining the contacting state of the liquid precursor with the plate-like member; and integratedly removing, from the mold, the plate-like member and the optical member made of the first resin which is the polymer of the liquid precursor, thereby to obtain an optical element.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolytic solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery each of which not only has heat resistance enough to resist reflow soldering but also can maintain the discharge capacity of the battery even in a low-temperature environment. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is provided with an electrolytic solution 50 including a solute and a solvent containing a polyethylene glycol dialkyl ether and an ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, a positive electrode 12, a negative electrode 26, and a separator 30 formed of glass fibers and placed between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 26.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell has a container having a main surface and a cavity containing therein a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator separating the positive and negative electrodes from one another, and an electrolyte. A sealing plate that seals the cavity of the container is bonded to the main surface of the container with an unoxidized weld.

Abstract: A cleaning method includes cleaning a member, used at the time of exposing a substrate via liquid, which is in contact with the liquid. The method includes cleaning the member with an alkali solution followed by cleaning the member with a solution including hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Provided is an electric double layer capacitor capable of simply connecting a current collector to an external electrode at a low cost and ensuring a sealing property of a container. The electric double layer capacitor includes: a container in which an opening of a concave portion is sealed; an electrolytic solution and a pair of electrode active materials which are accommodated inside the container; and a pair of conductive films which is respectively and electrically connected to the pair of electrode active materials and is formed from a bottom surface of the concave portion to a surface of the container through an opening edge.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell has a container containing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The container has a bottom face and a hole formed in the bottom face. A positive electrode current collector is embedded in the bottom face of the container so that the hole formed in the bottom face exposes a portion of the positive electrode current collector. A covering portion is adhered to the positive electrode and covers the exposed portion of the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector is electrically connected to the positive electrode via the covering portion. A lid seals the container.

Abstract: In an electrochemical cell including a cathode 7, an anode 6, electrolyte 10, a hollow container 1 accommodating these members, and terminals extending from the inside to the outside of the hollow container 1, the terminals include a plurality of inner terminals 5a formed on the inner surface of the hollow container 1, a cathode outer terminal 5b1 formed on the outer surface of the hollow container 1, and an inner layer wire 5c formed on the inner layer of the hollow container 1 for commonly connecting the plurality of inner terminals 5a to the cathode outer terminal 5b1.

Abstract: An electrochemical element comprises a container and a sealing plate for sealing an opening of the container. The container is sealed with the sealing plate by welding a portion of the brazing material on the sealing plate and a portion of the metal film of the container which make contact with each other together in a state where a first electrode active material, a separator, a second electrode active material and an electrolyte are contained in the container. An electricity collector sheet is electrically connected to the first electrode active material or the second electrode active material, whichever is closer to the opening of the container. At least a portion of the electricity collector sheet extends to the end portion of the container so that the container and the sealing plate are welded together with the extending portion of the electricity collector sheet in between.